I6 FRA 
la^ica Dogmata, in 4 vols. folio, 1672 ; 3. Dlfquijitiones Bib- 
lie^, in 2 vols. 4to, 1682, afterwards reprinted with con- 
fiderable enlargements at Lucca, in 2 vols. folio, 1764; 
and feveral devotional pieces which have undergone nu¬ 
merous imprefiions. 
FRASSINE'TO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and province of Bari: nine miles fouth-fouth- 
weit of Converfcino. 
FRAS'TENTZ, a town of Germany, in the county of 
I'eldkirck : two miles eafl: of Feldkirck. 
F^ATEL'LI, two fmall iflands in the Mediterranean, 
twenty .five miles weft from the iftand of Scarpanto. 
FRA'TER-HOUSE, or Re'fectory, f. The hall, or 
chamber, in our monafteries, wherein the brethren took 
their daily repafts. This building was ufually fituated 
on the fouth fide of the cloifters, provided the cloifters 
were on the foiith fide of the church, as at Weftminfter, 
Durham, Salift>ury, &cz. 
FRATE'RIA, f. in the ancient ecclefiaftical law, a 
fraternity, brotherhood, or fociety, of religious perfons, 
who were bound to pray for the good health and life of 
their liVing brethren, and the fouls of thole that were 
dead ; in the ftalutes of the cathedral church of Sr. Paul 
in London, colledted by Ralph Baldock, dean, A D. 
1 293, there is one chapter de fraUria benejidorum tcdefia 
S. Pauli, &c. 
FRATER'NAL, adj. [^fraternel, Fr. fraUrnu’:, Lat.] 
Brotherly; pertaining to brothers ; becoming brothers ; 
Plead it to her. 
With all the ftrength and heats of eloquence 
Fraternal love and friendfliip can infpire. Addifon. 
FRATER'NALLY, adv. In a brotherly manner. 
FRATER'NITY, f. \_frattrniti, Fr. fraternitas, Lat.]' 
The ftate or quality of a brother. Body of men united ; 
corporation; fociety; affbeiation; brotherhood.—’Tis a 
neceffary rule in alliances, focieties, and fraternities, and 
all manner of civil contratls, to have a (Iridt regard to 
the humour of thofe we have to do withal. VEJlrange .— 
Men of the fame clafs or character.—With what terms 
of relpect knaves and fots will fpeak of their own frater¬ 
nity. South. 
FRATI'NO, a town of Italy, in the country of Friuli, 
belonging to the ftate of Venice ; nine miles weft of Con- 
cordia. 
FRA'TRIAGE, f. ^fratriagium, Lat.] In law', a 
younger brother’s inheritance. Whatever the fons or 
brothers pollefs of the eftate of the father, they enjoy it 
ratione fratriagii, and are to do homage to the elder bro- 
tiier for it, who is bound to do homage for the whole to 
the fupeiior lord. Brad. 2. c. 35. 
FRATRICEL'LI, in ecclefiaftical hiftory, an enthu- 
fiaftic fe6l of Francilcans, which rofe in Italy about the 
year 1294. The founders w'ere P. Maurato, and P. de 
Foft'ombroni, who having obtained of pope Celeftin V. 
a permiffion to live in folitutle, after the manner of her¬ 
mits, and to obferve the rule of St. Francis in all its ri¬ 
gour, feveral monks joined them, who, living after their 
own fancies, and making all perfettion to confift in po¬ 
verty, were foon condemned by pope Boniface VI 11 . and 
his fucceftbr, and the inquilitors w'cre ordered to proceed 
againft them as heretics; which commiflion they ex¬ 
ecuted with their ufual barbarity. Upon this, retiring 
into Sicily, Peter John Oliva de Serignan had no fooner 
publifhed his Comment on the Apocalypfe, than they 
adopted his errors. They held the Romifh church to be 
Babylon, and maintained that the rule of St. Francis was 
the evangelical rule obferved by Jefus Chrift and his 
apoftles. They foretold the reformation of the church, 
■and the reftoration of the true gofpel of Chrift, by the 
genuine followers of St. Francis, and declared their af- 
fent to alinoft all the dotflrines which were pubHftied un¬ 
der the name of the abbot Joachim, in the Introduftion 
to the Everlafting Gofpel, a book publifhed in 1250, and 
explained by one of the fpiritual friars whofe name was 
2 
FRA 
Gerhard. Among other enormities inculcated in this 
book, it is pretended that St. Francis was the angel men¬ 
tioned in Rev. xiv. 6, and had promulgated "to the world 
the true and everlafting gofpel of God ; that the gofpel 
of Chrift was to be abrogated in 1260, and to give place 
to this new and everlafting gofpel, which was to be fub- 
ftituted in its room ; and that the minifters of this great 
reformation were to be humble and bare-footed friars, 
deftitute of all worldly employments. They even eledled 
a general, with fuperiors, and built monafteries, &c. 
They were finally condemned by pope John XXII. in 
confequence of whofe cruelty they regarded him as the 
true antichrift; but feveral of them returning into Ger¬ 
many, were protedled by Louis duke of Bavaria. 
There are authentic records, from which it appears, 
that no lefs than two thoufand perfons were burnt by the 
inquifition, from the year 1318 to the time of Innocent VI. 
for their inflexible attachment to this herefy. The feve- 
rities denounced againft them were again revived towards 
the clofe of the fifteenth century by pope Nicolas V. and 
his fucceflbrs. However, all the perfecutions which this 
feift endured were not fufficient to extinguifh it; for it 
fubfifted until the times of the reformation in Germany, 
when its remaining votaries embraced the dodtrine of 
Martin Luther. The Fratricelli had divers other deno- 
minatiotts: as Da/cf/tf, from one of their doftors; Bizoclii, 
Beguins, and Beghardi. 
FRA'TRICIDE, y.- \^fratridde, Fr. fratriddium, Lat.] 
The murder of a brother. 
FR AUBRUN'NEN, a town of Swifferland, and feat of 
a bailiwick, in the canton of Bern, which takes its name 
from a celebrated monaftery, founded in 1246. A battle 
was fought here between the Bernois, and an army led 
by fire de Courcy compofed of Normans, Englilh, 
French, &c. in which the former were viflorious : feven 
miles north of Bern. 
FRAUD, y! [/raas, Lat. yVaz/tfe, Fr.] Deceit; cheat; 
trick; artifice; fubtilty; ftratagem : 
Our better part remains 
To work in clofe defign, by fraud or guile, 
What force effected not. Milton. 
Harm ; [a Latinifm. Ouis deus in fraudem, &c, Firg.'\ 
To all liis angels he propos’d 
To draw the proud king Ahab into fraud, 
That he might fall in Ramoth. Paradife Regained. 
FRAUD, f. in law, comprehends every kind of deceit 
in grants and conveyances of lands, and bargains and 
fales of goods, &c; to the damage of another perfon, 
which may be either by fuppreflion of the truth, or fug- 
geftion of a falfehood. It may be laid down as a general 
rule, that, without the exprefs provilion of any a6t of 
parliament, all deceitful praftices in defrauding, or endea- 
vouring to defraud, another of his known right, by 
means of fome artful device, contrary to the plain'rules 
of common honefty, are condemned by the common law, 
and puniihable according to the heinoufnefs of the of- 
fence. Co. Lit. ^b. Dyer%<)^. 
As to frauds in contradfs and dealings, the common 
law fubjedls the wrong doer, in feveral inftances, to an 
adlion on the cafe ; as if a perfon, having the poffeffion 
of goods, fell them to another, affirming them to be his 
own, when in truth they are not, an action on the cafe 
lies. iRol.Abr.^o. But if A. polfelfed of term for years, 
offers to fell it to B. and fays, that a ftranger would have 
given him twenty pounds for this term, by which means 
B. buys it, though in truth A.,was never offered twenty 
pounds, no adlion on the cafe lies, though B. is hereby 
deceived in the value. Yelv. 20. It on a treaty for the 
purchafe of a houfe, the defendant affirms the rent to be 
more than it is, whereby the plaintiff is induced to give 
more than the houfe is worth, this is a fraud, i Salk. 211. 
I Lev. 102. Where a perfon is party to a fraud, all that 
follows by reafon of ihVt iraiid ffiall be faid to be doce 
