F R t N G I L L A. 
from Abyfiinia, by Mr. Bruce, winch he calls danbik, in 
which the red wholly covers the neck and wing coverts, 
as well as the under parts; and fpotted on the fides of the 
breaft and wing-coverts w'ith white. Thefe are natives 
of Senegal, and other parts of Africa ; and feed on millet. 
This affords the natives an eafy method of catching them ; 
they flipport a laige hollowed gourd, the bottom uppcr- 
moft, on a (lick, with a ftring leading to fome covered 
place, and ftrevv under it fome milletj the little bird';, 
hafiening in numbers to pick it up, are caught beneath 
the trap, by the flick being pulled aw'ay by the obferver 
at a diftance. The females are faid to (ing nearly as well 
as the males. They are familiar birds; and when once 
ufed to the climate, will live five or fix years in a cage. 
They are bred in Holland by the bird-fanciers. 
28. Fringilla noftis, the rufons-chinned finch t length 
four-inches and three-quarters; bill black; irides red ; 
the whole plumage is black, except the chin, juft under 
the biil, which is of a rufous orange-colour, and a fpot 
of the fame between the bill and eye; the legs blackifh. 
Inhabits Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, and other parts 
of South America. 
There is a variety which is lead-blue, the quill and 
tail feathers blackifli. 
29. Fringilla Martinenfis, the Martjnicofinch : general 
colour black ; throat rufous ; a black patch on the breafl. 
Native of Martinico, and -feeds on grafs-feeds. 
20. Fringilla nitens, the gloffy finch ; lefs than a fpar- 
row; bill flefh-colour; irides white; plumage wholly 
blue black, with a poliflted fteel glofs ; legs flefh-colour. 
The female has the feathers on the upper parts blackilh, 
margined with yellowifh browm ; behind the eye a black¬ 
ifh flreak ; the rump grey; beneath dufky yellowifh 
brown ; tail black, edged with grey ; legs reddifh. There 
is a variety of this fpecies wholly black ; bill and legs 
dufky. Native of Cayenne. 
31. Frie.gilia melaniflera, the black-and-orange finch : 
fize of a linnet ; bill pale brown; general colour of the 
plumage black, except the wings and tail, the edges of 
which are deeply margined with ferruginous; on the 
belly a few fpots of white ; legs brown. This is faid to 
come from Macao, and feeds on ants. 
32. Fringilla melanoleuca, the white-breafted finch : 
fize of the preceding ; general colour black, except an 
irregular bar of white acrofs the breafl ; bill and legs pa- 
liflt-brown. Native of Java. 
33. Fringilla pecoris, the cow-pen finch : bigger than 
the mountain finch ; bill blackifh ; bead and neck dufky 
brown ; back, wings, body, and tail, fine black, gloffed 
with green and blue ; legs brown. The female is deep 
brown; breafl and belly light cinereous; chin white; 
wings and tail dufky. It arrives at New York in May, 
lays five eggs in June, and migrates fouthward in Auguil. 
In the winter time it is found in Virginia and Carolina. 
If delights to feed in the pens among the cattle, whence 
the name. 
34. Fringilla Sinica, the olive finch : fize of a linnet ; 
bill yellowifh ; the upper parts of the body olive brown, 
with a tinge of rufous on the wing-coverts, back, and 
rump ; round the bill, the throat, and fore-part of the 
neck, olive green ; the refl of the under parts rufous, 
tinged with yellow on the belly ; under tail-coverts, and 
under wing-coverts, of a fine yellow ; the greater wing- 
coverts fartheflfrom the body black ; tail black, with the 
bafe of the feathers yellow ; legs yellowifli. The female 
differs only in that the colours are lefs vivid. 
35. Fringilla forficata, the fork-tailed finch: neck, 
breafl, and rump, pale pellow ; back olive; tail long, 
forked, blueifh-black ; head with a black pendent creft. 
Dr. Shaw doubts whether it might not with more propri¬ 
ety be confidered as a fpecies of Mufcicapa, or fly-catcher. 
Inhabits Ceylon. 
36. Fringilla melanocephala, the black-headed finch : 
length four inches; bill red ; back, wings, and tail, fer¬ 
ruginous brown ; head, and fore-part of the neck, black ; 
VoL. VIII. No. 483. 
57 
fides of the neck, and fides under- the wings, a little 
flreaked with black ; hind part of the neck and belly 
white; quills black ; legs lead-colour. 
37. Fringilla fufea, the brown finch : fize of a wren ; 
bill dufky upper jiarts of the plumage brown ; the fea¬ 
thers edged with dark brown ; under parts brownifli white ; 
legs duficy. This and the lafl are natives of China. 
38. Fringilla naevia, the white-cheeked finch : fize'of 
a fparrow ; bill pale afh-colour ; head, neck, and under 
parts, the fame, marked on the upper parts and neck 
with dufi-cy fireaks ; tind’er parts plain; back and wings 
pale rtifous, with dtifky fireaks ; fides of the head v/hite, ; 
through the eye a reddifli flreak, bounded on the under 
part with black ; on the tinder jaw a Itreak of black, 
which joins the black above the eye at the hinder part ; 
tail duficy; legs black. Inhabits the Cape of Good 
Hope. 
39. Fringilla Etiftachia; the Etiflatian finch : fize of a 
chaffinch ; bill red ; the bead, neck, and upper parrs, of 
a fine yellow ; on each fide of tlie head, under the eye, is 
a fpot of blue ; the bretdl and under parts orange ; wings, 
tail, and legs, red. Inhabits the ifle of St. Euffatia. 
40. Fringilla variegata, the variegated fincit : length 
five inches three-quarters ; bill yellowifli ; the head of a 
pale red, mixed with purple ; the breafl: pale yellow, 
fhaded deeper ; the body covered with feathers, marbled 
with red, yellow, blue, and wliite ; quills and tail varie¬ 
gated like the back ; legs red. Inhabits New Spain, 
where it is known by the name of U:;te. 
41. Fringilla nivalis, the fnow finch: length feven 
inches ; bill black ; liead and hind part of the neck cine¬ 
reous ; back, fcapiilars, and rump, grey brown ; the mar¬ 
gins paleft ; upper tail-coverts black ; the thighs pale 
afh-colour; all the under parts of the body are as white 
as fnow, as are the wing-coverts and fecondary qttills, ex¬ 
cept the two nearefl the body, which are brown ; the 
baftard wing and greater quills black; the two middle 
feathers of the tail are black ; the others white, tipped 
with black. This fpecies inhabits various parts of the 
European continent, particularly near Dauphiny, iu 
France ; alfo about the fnowy tops of the Caucafiatr 
mountains, and thofe of Perfia, defeending from thence 
into the plains in winter. 
42. Fringilla montiola, the mountain finch : fize ofa 
fparrow; bill reddifh; the upper parts brown, mixed 
with darker brown ; quills and tail, darkefl, edged with 
a paler colour ; acrofs the wings two bars of white ; the 
crown of the head chefnur, mixed in the middle with 
grey brown'; fides of the head and neck, and all the un¬ 
der parts white ; legs brown. Inhabits Canada. 
43. Fringilla Cafpa, the Cafpian finch : this has a 
fhort thick bill ; the upper mandible black, the under 
yellowifh ; about the gape a few briftles ; the fore-part of 
the head, and throat, are white; the refl of the head, 
the neck, the upper and under parts of the body, grey, 
inclining to red, but inofl fo on the breafl ; the wings and 
tail are black ; legs yellowifli. This bird is met with in 
Abyfiinia, and is alfo found in Barbary, to the fouth of 
Tunis; it flies in flocks, and is frequent about farm- 
yards and granaries, like our fparrow ; often leen in the 
date villages to the weft of the lake of Marks ; has an ex¬ 
ceeding fine note, fuperior to that of a canary-bird ; but 
will not bear tranfporting from its native place. 
44. Fringilla arcuata, tlie crefeent finch : length fix 
indies ; bill black ; the head, and neck before as far as 
the breafl, are alfo black; at the eye begins a flreak 01 
white, which pafles down on each fide of the neck, and, 
growing broader, paffes round the fore-part, like a cref- 
cent; hind part of the neck pale brown ; back, fcapulars, 
and leffer wing-coverts, chefiiut; the middle coverts 
black, tipped with white ; the greatefl, and quills, brown, 
edged with grey; tail deep brown ; legs brown. Inhabits 
the Cape of Good Hope. 
45. Fringilla elegans, the elegant finch : fize of the 
houfe fparrow; bill red, a little bending, forehead, all 
