F R I N 
lower part of tlie neck and tides wliiie, marked witli fmall 
Oreaks ; belly of a pure white ; taildulky. InhabitsNcw 
Xork, where it flays all the v/inter, and is known by the 
name of grafs-bird. 
84. Fringilla cinerea, the cinereous finch ; bill dutky ; 
head, and upper parts of the body, deep cinereous brown, 
edged withobfeure rufl-co'our; at the corner of tlie up¬ 
per mandible a light grey line ; on the cheeks, beneath, a 
lecondband, bounded by a dufl y one ; throat of a light 
grey ; under tide of the neck jiale ath coiour, varied w iih 
w hitidi marks; legs dufl-ty. I nhabi’s Oonalatl-.ka, from 
w hence it was brought by iir fofeplt Ranks, 
85. Fringilla Nortonienfis, ilte Norton finch ; head, upper 
part of the neck, and fecoiidaries, black,' edged v.ii!) 
bright bay ; the middle eroded witlta white line , prima¬ 
ries dufky ; belly and Tides wl i'e; Tides of the neck, and 
tore p.art, fpotted down the iniddie of each feather with 
rn(l-cojour; tail dufky, edged with white; along tl;e 
middle of the outer feather a pure white line, ending at 
the tip. Inhabits Norton Sound. 
86. Fringilla hienialis, the winter finch: head, neck, 
and breatl, liglit brown, mottled with black ; fore part 
of the neck, breatl, and Tides, white, marked with finall 
brown (pots; bcliy plain white; wing-coverts and prima¬ 
ries brown, edged with wjiite. Found at New York in 
the w inter. 
87. Fringilla Hriata, the (Iriated finch : length five in- 
ches and a iialf ; bill lead-colour ; between that and tlie 
eye, and tlte forehead, yeliow ; on the head three black 
Ilripes ; behind the eye another; Tides of the head wliit- 
ith ; chin white ; all the upper parts like the linnet in co- 
lour; middle of each feather very dark; wing-coverts 
and tail plain brown; quills dutky; the breatl blue grey ; 
belly very pale ; legs brown. Found at New York, in 
May. 
88. Fringilla purpurea, the purple finch: fize of a 
chaffinch ; colour of the plumage violet; the quillsbrown 
within; the belly white; the tail forked. The female 
is all over brown, except the breatl, wliich is fpotted 
with white like a thruth. Thefe are found in Carolina, 
appearing firtt in November ; alTenible in fmall flocks, and 
retire on the approach of winter ; during their (lay they 
live on the juniper-berries ; and alfo detlroy the buds of 
fruit-trees, 
89. Fringilla rofea, the rofeate finch : fize of the moun. 
tain fincli; the plumage is motliy of a fine rofeate colour ; 
front filvery white ; back with browpith grey Ilripes ; 
wings and tail blackifh ; tail-feathers rofy on the outer 
edge. Inhabits Siberia. 
"There are two varieties of this bird : i. Reddifli ath, 
beneath white ; feathers of the head, rump, and throat, 
tipt with fine red ; quill and tail-feathers brown, edged 
with pale yeliow. Female above yellowifli-ath ; chin 
white. Inhabits the woods of Siberia : hardly five inch¬ 
es long, 2. Blackifli, feathers edged witli red; head 
and breatl fcarlet, the firtl with brown fpots ; belly flefli- 
colour. Appears in April round New York. 
90. Fringilla iliaca, the iliac finch : fize of a thruffi ; 
the feathers of the upper part of the body tleel-blue at 
the bdfe, olive in the middle and tipt with brown, be¬ 
neath white, a few tipt with chefnut; tail-feathers, and 
coverts, above rufous ; bill yellow, with a brown ridge 
and tip ; temples white; lower wing-coverts cinereous, 
edged and tipt with white, the upper rufous ; qiiill-fea- 
thers blackifh brown, the outer edge rufous ; legs yellow. 
Inhabits North America. 
91. Fringilla tricolor, the tri-coloured finch : forehead, 
temples, and throat, blue; region of the notlrils, and 
back, greenifh black ; fhoulders green ; under parts yel- 
lowith white ; quills greenith black; the prime ones 
deep green on the outer edge ; tail black. Inhabits Su¬ 
rinam. 
92. Fringilla cyanomela, the blue-headed finch : fize 
of the greater redpole ; bill brown ; head and rueck blue; 
acrofs the forehead a narrow black line ; chin and throat 
VoL. Vill, No. 484. 
G 1 L L A, OJ 
black ; acrofs the upper part of the back a femicirclc of 
black; wing-coverts, lower part of the back, and rump, 
blue; breatl, belly, and vent, blue; quills blackifh 
brown, edged with blue, appearing green in fome lights ; 
tail dark brown ; legs brown. 
93. Fringilla pifta, the azure-headed finch: length 
four inches; bill red; crown of ihe head pale blue; hind 
par t of the neck, throat, bread, and under tail covertS; 
red; belly pale afh-coluur; back, and letTer wing-coverts, 
purplifh ; greater coverts green; lower part of the back, 
and rump, yellow ; quills and tail blue ; legs red. Inha¬ 
bits China. 
94. Fringilla cyanocephala, tlie blue-crowned finch ; 
thi> is a large fpecies; length feven inches; bill dufley 5 
crown of tlie head blue, bounded beh.ind with red; round 
the eye white; hind part of tlie neck, and back, pale 
reddiffi brown ; lower-part of the back, and rump, pale 
blue ; under parts of the body yellow ; thighs and vent 
wliite ; middle and greater coverts margined with white ; 
quills and tail black ; legs pale brovvn. Inhabits Senegal, 
95. Fringilla torquata, the lunar finch : length fix 
inches and a half; bill llender, dutky black ; head, neck, 
and back, reddiffi; the latl inclining to brown; rump 
pale blue ; acrofs tlie throat a narrow crefeent of black, 
bounded below with yellow ; quills black, the ends of 
them blue, with a white fpot at the tip of each : tail and 
legs black. Inhabits the Eatl Indies. 
96. Fringilla multicolor, the many-coloured finch: 
bill blueiffi ; head, hind part of the neck, upper part of 
the back, and tail, black; cheeks, chin, and th.e reft of 
the under parts, light yellow ; vent yellow ; wings 
black ; on the coverts a white fpot; the fecondaries 
eroded at the ends with white; lower part of the back, 
and thigh's, green ; legs grey. From Ceylon. 
97. Fringilla maia, the Cuba finch : lengtli only three 
inches three quarters ; bill grey; head, neck, and under 
parts of the body, blackifh ; back, and upper parts, piir- 
pliffi chefnut, brighteft on the rump ; acrofs the breaft a 
chefnut band; tail of the fame colour; quills brown, 
edged with chefnut ; legs lead-colour. The female dif. 
fers; in her the bill is whitiffi; head, neck, and upper 
parts, fulvous; throat purplith chefnut; on each fide of 
the breaft a fpot of the fame colour ; the reft of the under 
parts diity yellowiffi white; quills and tail fulvous; legs 
grey. Inliabits the itland of Cuba, wliere the natives 
give it the name of maia. It is likewife found in the Eaft 
Indies. It is a gregarious bird ; flies in innumerable 
flocks, and is very hurtful to the rice fields, which it is a 
very great deftroyer of, and, in ail probability, may be 
found wherever that grain is cultivated. The fieffi is 
good and wholefome food. 
98. Fringilla domeftica, the domeftic or houfe fparrow j 
this bird, every where well-known, is called in Greek 
TgwyAiTv)? : mod trantlators and naturalifts have made it 
to be o-T^«0oj: the fa6t is, that this laft name is generic, 
and applicable to all the fparrows; in Italian, pajferay or 
pajfere cafaringo ; in Spaniffi, pardnl ; in German, ht^SB 
fpar, haus-fperling •, in S'fi^A\i\\,taeUingf grawpar/. They 
occur in all the European climates, and in more diftant 
regions, being found in Egypt, Senegal, and other parts 
of Africa and Afia, &c. But in whatever covfutry the 
fparrow is fettled, it never is found in defert places, or 
a diftance from the refidence of man. ft likes neither 
woods nor vaft plains; nor is it feen in the hamlets or 
farms that are buried in the depth of forefts; it follows 
fociety, to live at their expence; fparrows are alfo ex- 
tremely deftruftive ; whence they are in many places pro- 
feribed, and a price fet on their heads. None of the fea¬ 
thered race are more crafty and artful; tlrey ealily dif- 
tinguith the fnares laid for them, and wear out the pa. 
tience of thofe who try to catch them; and even when 
the fport fucceeds, little impreflion can be made on a fpe- 
cies which breeds thrice a-year. Their nett confifts of 
hay, lined with feathers. If you deltroy it, they will in 
twenty.four hours build another ; if you plunder the eggs, 
S which 
