• F R O 
afFe-6\ed with cold, would fiill put tlie frozen part into 
cold water, or Cover it with fnow, iiiitil a (en(e of wavnttli 
is perceived, or fome degree of motion returns, at which 
time a little warm wine, mixed with camomile tea, might 
be drunk, or eitlier of thele alone, and then proceed 
gradually to allow of warmth, a mortification would be 
avoided. 
When travellers begin to be drowfy in the cold, they 
fhotild redouble their fpced to extricate themfelves from 
danger: for though their fleepinefs is eafy, it is often 
fatal. The heat of our bodies, when in health, exceeds 
that ot the ambient air, even in the hotteft weather ; 
whence a confiderable degree of cold is required to freeze 
the foft parts of our bodies : it isbecaufe our extremities 
are the coldeft parts, thqt frotl always affefts them foon- 
efl. And when a mortification from cold approaches, 
Van Swieten obferves, that the part affedled by it is firll 
pale, then red; this rednefs is attended with a troiible- 
fome pain, and a violent itching : after this the colour be¬ 
comes almoft purple, and at lafi: black. 
That fudden Iieat, applied after extreme cold, fiiould 
produce the fame fymptoms and confequences, will be 
readily underflood by what follows. As water cools, it 
condenfes, until it comes to the freezing point ; but in 
the aft of congelation it expands with a violence that no¬ 
thing can refill. When a perfon goes into the cold air, 
his fluids are gradually condenfed, the velfels collapfe, 
and the (kin is pale, the circulation again pulhes the blood 
into the arteries, whofe contrafted extremities allow it 
only to pafs flowly, and make the Ikin look red ; alfo pro¬ 
duces an itciting, becaufe of the obllrufticn that it meets 
with ; the blood being puflied from behind,' whilfl: the 
obllruftion is increafed before, a livid colour is produc¬ 
ed, and a tingling pain; at laft the circulation being 
flopped, a gangrenous black finilhes the feene, with a 
lofs of all fenfation, the veflels being flretched far beyond 
their natural dimenfions by the congealed fluids: In this 
cafe, applying of cold water dilTolves the frozen juices, 
and condenfes them ; thus tlie veflels have room to con- 
traft, and are aflifled in fo doing by the coldiiefs of the wa¬ 
ter : after this, if warm diluting liquor is drunk, a di- 
aphorefis is produced, and all danger is overcome; if 
warmth be applied at the firll, the outer parts are quickly 
thawed, but the inner veflels, Hill obllruftcd, foon buril 
by the rarefaftion of their contents, and dellruftion tp 
the part is inflantly produced. Van Swieten’s Com. 
Med. Muf. vol. i. p. 71. 
Mr. Eaton, in his “ Prefent State of Surgery in Tur- 
key,” gives the following interelling account of an eafy 
and infallible method of refloring frofl-bidden patients in 
that country, as praftifed not by the furgeons, but by 
the common people : “ After Ochakof was taken, I re¬ 
ceived into my fubterranean lodging as many prifoners as 
it would contain, all of whom were either wounded or 
had a limb frozen. Among them were two children, one 
about fix and the other about fourteen years of age; the 
latter had one of her feet frozen to the ancle, the other 
all the toes and the foie of one of her feet. The fe- 
cond day the parts appeared black. The French 
furgeon, whom prince Potemkin had fent for purpofely 
from Paris, and who was a man of note, ordered them to 
be conftantly bathed with warm camphorated fpirits: the 
elder was removed to the hofpital, when a mortification 
began ; the younger I kept, and as we removed into win¬ 
ter quarters, I carried the child along with me. The 
mortified parts feparated, the bones of the toes came off, 
and, after a confiderable time, the fores healed. 1 fhould 
have faid, the furgeon was for immediately amputating 
both the limbs. 
•“ In a fubterranean room, not far from mine, were fe- 
veral women whofe feet had been in a like manner frozen ; 
but as no furgeon attended them, the Ruffian foldiersand 
waggoners undertook the cure. It was alfo the fecond 
day when they applied their remedy, and the parts were 
perfeftly black. This remedy was goofe-greafe, with 
Vol. VIII. No. 485. 
FRO SI 
vvhich the parts were fmeared warm, and the operation 
often repejted ; their diredtions were, never to let the 
parts be dry, but alv/ays covered with greafe. The con- 
leqtience was, that by degrees the circulation extended 
lower down, and the blacknels decreaied, till, laft of all, 
the toes were only difcolonted, and at lengrii circulation 
was reftored to tltem. 
“ I can account for this no otherwife, than that the fat 
kept the pores fliut, and prevented the air from promoting 
putrefaftion ; in tlie mean tim^e the veflels were continu¬ 
ally abforbing part of the ftagnated blood, till by degrees 
the whole circulation was reftored. It is known that ex- 
travafated and ftagnated blood will remain a long time in 
the body without ptitrifying, if it be not expofed to the 
air. I conclude alfo, that in thefe cafes of frofl, tlvd 
mortification firft begins on the ftirface, which is in con- 
taft wiih the air. I only mean, however, to relate fafts, 
and leave it to others to account for them. This is a ge¬ 
neral praftice of the peafants fiirougliout all Ruffia ; but 
it a part is difeovered to be frozen, before the perfon comes 
into a zuarm room, they extraft the froft by plunging the 
part into cold water, or rubbing it with fnow till the cir¬ 
culation leturns.” 
FROST'ED, adj. Laid on in inequalities like thofe of 
the hoar froft upon plants : 
The rich brocaded filk unfold. 
Where rifing flow’rs grow ftiff with frojled gold. Gay. 
FROST'ILY, adv. With froft; with exceffive cold. 
Without warmth of affeftion : 
Courtling, I rather thou fliould’ft utterly 
Difpraife my work, than praife it frcjlily. Ben John/on. 
FROSTI'NESS, y. Cold; freezing cold. 
FROST'NAIL, f. A nail with a prominent head 
driven into the horfe’s fhoes, tliat it may pierce the ice. 
—The claws are ' ftraight only to take hold, for better 
progreffion ; as a horfe that is (hod with froji-naih. Crew. 
FROST'WORK, y. Work in which the fubftance is 
laid on with inequalities, like the dew congealed uport 
fhrubs : 
By nature (hap’d to various figures, thofe 
The fruitful rain, and thefe the hail compofe ; 
The fnowy fleece and curious frojlwork thefe 
Produce the dew, and thofe the gentle breeze. Blackmore, 
FROS'TY, adj. Having the power of congelation ; exa 
ceffivecold.—The air, if very cold, irritateth the flame, 
and maketh it burn more fiercely; as fire fcorcheth in 
frojly weather. Bacon. 
For all my blood in Rome’s great quarrel filed. 
For all the frojly nights that I have watch’d, 
Be pitiful to my condemned fons. Shakefpeare. 
Chill in affeftion; without warmth of kindnefs or cou, 
rage.—What a froJly-^\nr\teA. rogue is this ! Shakefpeare. 
Hoary ; grey-haired ; refembling froft : 
Where is loyalty > 
If it be baniffi’d from the frojly head, 
Where fhall it find a harbour in the earth ? Shakefpeare. 
FROTH, y. \,froe, Danifli and Scottilh.] Spume; 
foam ; the bubbles caufed in liquors by agitation.—When 
wind expireth from under the fea, as it caufeth fome re¬ 
founding of the water, fo it caufeth fome light motions 
of bubbles, and white circles of froth. Bacon. —-The iifelefs 
froth fwims on the furface, but the pearl lies covered 
deep with a mafsof wateig?: Glanville. r ' 
■ Surging waves againft a folid rock, 
Though all to fbivers dalh’d, th’ aflault renew ; 
Vainbatt’ry, and in Jroth or bubbles end. Milton, 
They were the froth my raging folly mov’d 
WRen it boil’d up ; 1 knew pot then I lov’d, 
Yet then lov’d moft. Dryden, 
Any 
y 
