F U L 
Mulda, two miles fouth of Ragune, in the electorate of 
Saxony. 
FUI'CHT, or Waldfucht, a town of Germany, in 
the circle of Weftphalia : three miles eaft of Sufleren. 
FUILLE'E (La), a town of France, in the department 
of the Lower Seine, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftridl of Gournay : three leagues welt of Gournay. 
FUlRE'NA,y. [So named by Rotbdll in memory of 
George Fuiren, a learned Dane.] In botany, a genus of the 
clafs triandria, order monogynia, natural order calamarise, 
(cyperoideae, Ju£'.) The generic characters are—Calyx : 
anient oblong, cylindric, imbricate; fcales channelled, 
vvedge-thaped, three-keeled, awned at the tip ; awn cylin¬ 
dric, flraight, thorter than the glume ; flowers between 
the fcales, folitary, very fmall, fitting on a tubercle ; 
glume, befides the amentaceous fcales, none. Corolla: 
glume three-valved; valves petal fliaped, obcordate, 
fomewhat membranaceous, flat, quite entire, ending in 
an awn that is bent in. Stamina: filaments three, linear, 
infeited into the receptacle between the corolline valves; 
antheras linear,ereCt. Piflillum : germ large, three-corner¬ 
ed; flyle filiform; fligmas two, revolute. Pericarpi- 
um; none, except the withered corolla, inclofing the 
feed. Seed : three-cornered, naked, without any villofe 
hairs.— EJfential CharaEler. Ament imbricate, with awn¬ 
ed fcales ; calyx none. Corolla, with three petal-fhaped 
obcordate glumes, ending in a tendril. 
Fuirena paniculata, a fingle fpecies. It is a lofty grafs. 
Leaves on the ftem, with loofe, pitcher-fiiaped, hairy 
Iheaths ; panicles terminating and axillary, compofed of 
cylindric fcabrous fpikelets: thefe are oblong, about 
three lines in length, conglomerate, blackifh, imbricate 
with obovate, concave, rigid fcales, having three keels 
uniting at top into an awn. It has the appearance of a 
Scirpus. Native of Surinam, where it was obferved by 
Rolander ; and of Jamaica. 
FU'LA, a fmall ifland of Scotland, in the North Sea : 
twenty miles weft from the larger Shetland ifland. Lat, 
6o. 8. N. Ion. o. 40. E. Edinburgh. 
FUL'BERT, a learned prelate, by birth an Italian, 
who flourilhed at the beginning of the eleventh century. 
He was a difciple of the learned Gerbert, who afcended 
the pontifical throne in 999, under the name of Sylvef. 
ter JI. From Rome he journeyed to France, and deliver¬ 
ed public leftures in the fchools of the church of Char¬ 
tres. His great reputation drew numerous fcholars to 
him from all parts, who diffufed the learning and infor¬ 
mation acquired under his inftrudtions over-France and 
Germany, and the other northern ftates of Europe ; fo that 
lie is entitled to be conlidered as one of the principal refto- 
rers of learning and of the fciences in his time. In 1007, 
a vacancy taking place in the fee of Chartres, Fulbert was 
appointed to that dignity, and governed his church with 
great vigilance and prudence for more than one-and-twen- 
ly years. He was alfo made treafurer of St. Hilary, at 
Poitiers, which benefice he retained in conjundfion with 
his bifhopric, and expended its profits in rebuilding the 
cathedral church. He died in 1028 ; leaving many Ser¬ 
mons, Hymns, and other pieces, in profeand verfe. The 
moft val'ii-able of his works is a colledfion of Letters by 
himfelf and correfpondents, one hundred and thirty-four 
in number, which efhew in what eftimation his charafter 
was held by the greateft m.en of his time, among whom 
were Robert king of France, Canute king of England, 
Richard II. duke of Normandy, William duke of Aqui¬ 
taine, and other eminent princes and prelates. His works 
w ere colledted together, and publifhed in a feparate fortn 
at Paris, 1608, in Svo. by Dr. Charles de Villiers; and 
they are alfo inlerted in the fevenieenth volume of the 
Bibliotheca Patrnm. A Letter of his concerning ecclefi- 
aftical revenues, not inferted in his works, is to be met 
with in the fecond volume of Dachery’s Specilegium ; 
and another, written againft the pradtice of fome of his 
brother prelates w ho affumed the charafter of warriors, 
in the firft volume of D. Merfenne’s Thejaurus Anecdotum, 
VoL. VIII. No. 487. 
F U L D7 
To bifliop Fulbert alfo has been aferibed. The Life of St. 
Aubert, bifliop of Cambray, of which a mutilated edi¬ 
tion was publifhed bySurius. 
FUL'CIBLF', adj. [from the Lat./M/rfo, to prop. ] Ca¬ 
pable of being propped. Bailey. Not mveh ufed. 
FUL'CIMENT, y. \_fulcimen, fulcimentum, Lat.] That 
on which a body refts, which acts or is adted upon at each 
end, as a balance or a lever.—The , power that equipon¬ 
derates with any weight, muft ha^’e the fame proportion 
unto it, as there is betwixt their feveral dillanccs from the 
centre o\ fulciment. Wilkins. 
FU'LCRUM,/. [from ibs/aZ/i, a ftaff, Heb.] A prop. 
In mechanics, it is the fixed point about which a lever 
turns and moves. 
FUL'CRUM, y. [from fultum, of fulcie, Lat. a prop, or 
fupport.] In botany, it means feveral minute parts, with 
which vegetables are armed or fupported. They are of 
feven kinds.—1. Stipula, or ftipule. 2. Braftea, or 
bradfe. 3. Spina, or thorn. 4. Aculeus, or prickle. 
5. Cirrus, clafper, or tendril. 6. Glandula, a gland. 
7. Pilus, hairs, or pubefcence. In Delin. PL thefe are 
otherwife enumerated. i. Petiolus, the petiole, leaf- 
ftalk or foot-ftalk. 2. Stipula. 3. Cirrus. 4. Pubes. 
5. Anna, arms or inftruments of defence ; comprehend¬ 
ing prickles, thorns, and flings. 6. Bradlea. 7. Pedun- 
culus, the peduncle, fiower-ftalk, and fruit-ftalk. Thefe 
terms are all explained in the article Botany, vol. iii. 
where figures are given. 
FUL'DA, a bifhopric and principality of Germany, in 
the circle of the Upper Rhine ; bounded on the north by 
Heffe Cdflel, on the eaft by the county of Henneberg, on 
the fouth by the bifliopric of Wurzburg, and on the weft 
by the principality of Ifenberg and Heffe; about forty 
miles in length, and from feven to twenty-five in breadth. 
The country is mountainous and woody, with fome rich 
arable lands, and fome fait and medicinal fprings. The 
affedinent in the matricula of the empire is 250 florins 
monthly, and the tax for each chamber term 243 rix-dol- 
lars four kruitzers. The bifliopric owes its rife to a cloif- 
ter of benedieftine monks, erefted in 744, which was raif- 
ed to a bifliopric, in the year 1752, by pope Benedift XIV, 
FUL'DA, a town of Germany, and capital of the bi¬ 
fliopric of the fame name, fituated on the river Fulda, in 
the circle of the Upper Rhine. It was only a village be¬ 
fore the year 1162, when it was made a town. The bi- 
ftiop refides Iiere in a handfonie palace. Befides the ca¬ 
thedral, it has a collegiate church, an univerfity, founded 
in 1734, a college, an academy, and a convent of bene- 
didfines. It is fituated nearly in the centre of the diocefe. 
The chapter is compofed of thirteen canons. The libra¬ 
ry contains a number of ancient and rare manuferipts. 
Fulda was taken by the heieditary prince of Brunfwick, 
and prince Charles of Severn, in 1759, with little lofs on 
their fide : the duke of Wurtemberg was preparing a 
grand entertainment and ball on the very day, but de¬ 
camped precipitately. The lofs of the enemy was very 
confiderable, four battalions being killed, or much 
wounded, and near 1000 made prifoners: fixty-three 
miles eaft-north-eaft of Mentz, and forty-three eaft of 
Wetzlar. Lat. 50. 22. N. Ion.,27. 21. E. Ferro. 
FUL'DA, a river of Germany, in the circle of the 
Upper Rhine, which pafl’es by the town of Fulda, and 
joining the Werra at Minden, they together form the 
Wefer. 
FUL'DA (Charles-Frederic), an ingenious German 
writer on language and philology, born in 1724, at Wimp- 
fen in Swabia. He received the principles of his educa¬ 
tion in the Gymnafium of Stutgard, and at'Tubingen; 
and in 1748 was appointed chaplain to a regiment in Hol¬ 
land. His regiment being afterwards difbanded, he made 
a tour through various parts of Germany, and in 1749 
completed his ftudies at Gottingen. In 1751 he was chap® 
lain to the garrifon of Afperg ; and in 1757 and 1758 he 
obtained fettlements at Einzengen, and Muhlhaufen. His 
fiift production was a prize diflertation on the two princi- 
C c pal 
