F U L 
prefented him to the living of Cranford, inMiddlefex. 
That patron he accompanied to the Hague, when he went 
to congratulate king Charles II. on his refloration. A 
Ihort time before that event Mr. Fuller had been re-ad¬ 
mitted to his leftme in the Savoy, and after it had tr.ken 
place was re-infiated in his prebend of Salilbury. Soon 
afterwards he was appointed chaplain to his majedy ; 
created dodlor of divinity at Cambridge, and, h<id he 
lived a twelvemonth longer, would probably have been 
railed to a bilbopric. 'I he lad literary work on whicli his 
attention was employed, was his Midory of the Wortliies 
of England, part of which was printed during his life, 
and the red from h.is papers after iiis.death. It was pitb- 
lifited in 1662, in folio. In 1661 Dr. Fuller took :i jour¬ 
ney to Salifbnry, on the bufinefs of bis prebend; but on 
his return liome was attacked by a fever, to which he fell 
a facrifice, in the fifty-fourtii year of his age. Out of re- 
fpett to his charafter, at lead two hundred of the clergy 
accompanied his remains to the place of interment. 
Though bilhop Nicholfon and Mr. Granger threw fome 
reflediions on his writings, yet his works deferve to be 
commended as re()ofitO! ies of much valuable and ufeful 
information, which may be advantageoully confulted by 
the ecclefiadical hidorian, and by the biographer. Be- 
fides the treatifes already mentioned, he was the author 
of many fermolis, tradbs, and other fmall pieces. 
FULLER’S EARTH, f. [called fmeBis, in Latin, from 
erij.v)y.a, Gr. to abderge.] A fpecies of argillaceous earth 
or clay, of a greyidi or light greenidt colour; found in 
many parts of England, but particularly in Hampfhire, 
and in the vicinity of V\’’oburn in Bedforddiire, w hich is 
faid to be the bed in the world. It acquired tlie name of 
fuller’s earth, from being of fuch extendve ufe to fullers 
in milling and cleanfing broad and narrow cloths. The 
fiiperiority of this mineral in England, is od'ered as one 
great reafon why the Englifh fnrpafs all other nations in 
the woollen manufadture ; and hence it is prohibited by 
law from exportation, under tire penalty of one diilling 
for every pound weight. See the article Minera logy. 
FUL'LER’s THISTLE, or Teasel, /. fo called, be- 
caufe it is ufed by fullers or clothiers for railing tlie nap 
on cloth. For its propagation and culture, fee the article 
Dipsacus, vol. V, p. 852. Fora corredl figure of this 
thidle, fee Plate IX. fig. 2, in the article Botany, vol. 
iii. p. 252. 
FUL'LERTON POINT, a cape on the wed coa/I of 
the illand of Antigua. Lat. 17. 13. N. Ion. 61. 35. W. 
Greenwich. 
FUL'LERY, f. The place where the trade or bufinefs 
of a fuller is carried on. 
FUL'LlNG,yi the art of cleanfing, fcouring, and felting, 
cloths, duffs, &c. in order to render them dronger, clofer, 
and firmer: called alfo Pliny all'erts that Nicias, 
the fon of Hermias, was the fird inventor of the art of 
fulling: and it appears by an infeription, quoted by fir 
O. Wheeler, in his Travels'through Greece, thatNicias 
was a governor in Greece in the time of the Romans. 
The fulling of cloths and flutfs is performed by a kind 
of water-mill, called a fulling or fcouring mill ; which, ex¬ 
cept as to the mill-dones and hopper, is nearly the fame 
with corn-mills: and there are fome of them wliich ferve 
indifferently for either ufe; corn being ground, and 
cloths fulled, by the mo ion of ilie fame wheel. Whence, 
in fome parts .of I'ran'ce, the fullers are called millers-, as 
grinding corn and milling cloths at the fame ti.me. 
It appears, from the lefearches of profeffor Beckman, 
that before the invention of the fulling.tnill, cloths, were 
fulled by being walked upon, or damped with the feet; 
fomewhat fimilar to the method of wafliing linen by bar- 
ting and rinling in the brook. He fays that, “ anciently 
the fullers receivedthc cloth as it came from the loom, in 
order tliat it might be Icoured, walked, and fniootiied. It 
■was walked by being damped upon with the feet Tire 
rough WQo! railed by this operation was cleaned off by tire 
fkin of a hedge-hog, leaving on the cloth only a foft nap. 
F U L 107 
Sheering feems not then to have been known ; and the 
cafe is the fame with refpedt to the preffes, which were 
not invented till the fixteenth century. When the full¬ 
ing-mill was fird invented is not known; but we find it 
mentioned at the beginning of the thirteenth centuiy. 
The ancients ufed the Cimolian, Chian, Lemnian, Um¬ 
brian, and Samian, earths, as fimilar to our fuller’s e.irth ; 
and in greater quantities ; for the modern fuller often fub- 
ditutes oatmeal, barleyjrieal, and foap, for finilhing th.q 
finer and more delicate cloths.” 
The fulling-mill gives motion to a tree or fpindle, 
wliofe teeth communicate with a fet ot wooden liainniers 
or mallets, fiampers, wltich fall alternately into a 
large wooden trough. In tbefe troughs arc laid the cloths, 
duffs, &c. intended to be fulled : then, letting the cur¬ 
rent of ivatcr put the wheel in motion, the hammers are 
fucceliively let fall, and by their weight and velocity 
damp and ['refs the dud's very drongly, which by this 
means become thickened and condenfed. 
The neceflity and utility of fulling, will appear obvious 
from the following confiderations : Tlie afperities with 
which the furface of wool is every where furrounded, and 
the difpofition which it has to atfume a progrelTive motion 
towards the root, render the fpinning of wool, and making 
it into cloth, difficult operations. In order to fpin wool, 
and afterwards to weave it, we are obliged to cover its 
fibres with a coating of oil, which, filling the cavities, 
renders the afjierities lefs lenfible ; in the fame way as oil, 
when nibbed over the furface of a very fine file, renders 
it dill lefs rough. When the piece of cloth is finidied, it 
mud be cleanfed from this oil ; wliich, befides giving it 
a difagreeable fmell, would caufe it to foil whatever it 
came in coniacd: with, and would prevent its taking the 
colour which is intended to be given to it by the dyer. 
To deprive it of the oil, it is carried to the fulling-mill, 
where it is beat with the hammers in the trough full of 
water, in which fome fuller’s-earth, or foap, has been 
mixed; the fuller’s-earth combines with the oil which it 
leparates from the cloth, and both together are wafhed 
away by rhefrefh water which is continually brought into 
it by the machine; and tints, after a certain time, the 
oil is entirely wdfhed out of the cloth. 
But the fcouring of the cloth is not the only objefl in 
fulling it ; the alternate preffure given by the mallets fo 
the piece of cloth occafions, efpecially when the fcouring 
is pretty far advanced, an effect analogous to that which 
is produced upon hats by the hands of the felter ; the 
fibres of woo! which compofeone of the threads, whetlier 
of the warp or the woof, affiime a progredive movement, 
introduce themfelves among thole of the threads neared 
to them, then into thofe which follow ; and thus by de¬ 
grees all tlie ilireads, both of the warp and the woof, be¬ 
come felted together. The cloth, after having, by the 
above means, become diortened in all its dimenfions, par¬ 
takes both of the nature of cloth, and of that of felt ; it 
may be cut without being fubjett to ravel, and, on that 
account, we are not obliged to hem the edges of the 
pieces of which clotlies are made. Ladly, as tlietlireads 
of the warp and thofe of the woof are no longer fo didiiift 
and feparated from each other, the cloth, wliich lias ac¬ 
quired a greater degree of thicknefs, forms a warmer 
cloihing. Knit worded alfo is, by fulling, rendered 
lefs apt to run, in cafe a ditch diould drop in it. 
FULL'ING-MILL,/ See Fulling. 
FUL'LO (Peter), who derived his furname from the 
employment which lie exercifed in Ills monadic date, was 
bidiop of Aiitioch in the fifth century, and a noted leader 
of the feet of Monophyfites, or advocates for the dottrine 
of one nature in Clirid. He entered into a moiialiery at 
Condantinople, from which he was expelled on account 
of his having become a convert to the eutychian doctrine. 
Afterwards he found means to recommend himfelf to the 
good graces of Zeno, the fon-iii-law of the emperor Leo ; 
and when his patron was appointed count of the Ead, he 
accompanied him to Antiochj the capital of his govein= 
meiU-. 
