J'ii- FUR 
l.irch-tree, and a<iriciila; judas from elder. Quincy.—Tha 
fiirgeon ought to vary the diet as the fibres lengthen too 
iiuicli, are too fluid, and produce fungnfes, or as they 
h.arden and produce callofities. Arbulhnot _This emi¬ 
nence is comp.ofcd of little points or granula, called 
fungus or proud flefh. !^harp. —For its caufe and cure, lee 
the article Surgery. 
FUN'GUS, f. a common name for the caoutclioiic or 
Indian rubber. See C.touxcHOUc, vol. iii. p. 744.. 
FU'NTCLK, f. [funiculus, Lat.] A I'mall cord ; a 
fmall lisjatore ; a flbie. 
FUNI'CULAR, adj. [funiculaire, Fr.] Conlifling of 
a fmall cord or fibre. 
I'UNI'CULUS, y. [dim. ofyi<»fi, a rope. ] The navel, 
firing. 
FU'NIS, in botany. See Cissus, Melasto.ma, Uva- 
RiA, Menisfermum, and Tragia. 
FUN'K,yi A ftink. A low word. 
lo FUNK, V. n. To fiink through fear: 
^Fhe bell part of the veal, and tlie Greek for bunc. 
Is the name of a man that makes us funk, Epig. on Burton, 
FUNK ISLAND, a fmall ifland in the Atlantic, near 
the not ili-eaft coafi of Newfoundland. Lat. 50. N. Ion. 
51. 15. W. Greenwich. 
FUNK'ABUN, a town of Perfia, in the province of 
JMazenderan : fifteen miles well of Ferabat. 
FUN'NEL, yi \infur.dibulum,\/d\,'\ An inverted hollow 
cone with a pipe defcending from it, through which li¬ 
quors are poured into velfels with narrow mouths ; a tnn- 
dilh.—If you pour a glut of water upon a bottle, it re¬ 
ceives little of it ; but with a.Junnel, and by degrees, you 
(hall fill many of them. Ben jonfon. 
Some the long funnel's curious mouth extend. 
Through which ingelled meats with eafe defeend. 
Blackmore. 
A pipe or pafTage of communication.—Towards the mid¬ 
dle are two large funnels, bored through the roof of the 
grotto, to let in light or frefh air. Addifon. 
FUN'NEL-FAS\mONED, and FUN'NEL-SflAPED, 
adj. Shaped in the manner of a funnel. 
FUN NY, adj. Full of fun, merry. 
i'UOR'LI, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
and province of Abruzzo Citra : twenty-one miles fouth- 
foutli-eafi of Solmona. 
FUR,yi [fourrere, Fr.] Skin with foft hair, with 
which garments are lined for warmth, or covered for or. 
nament.—’Tis but drelling up a bird of prey in his cap 
and furs to make a judge of liim. L’Ef range. 
And lordly gout wrapt up in J'ur, 
And wheezing afihma, loth to fi.ir. Swift, 
Soft hair of beafis found in cold countries, where nature 
provides coats fuitable to the weather ; hair in general : 
This night, wherein the cub-drawn bear would couch. 
The lion and the belly-pinched wolf 
Keep theiryar dry, unbonnetted he runs. 
And bids what will take all, A'/Vtg' Lear, 
Any moifture exhaled to fuch a degree as that the re¬ 
mainder flicks on the part; 
Methinks I am not right in every part; 
I feel a kind of trembling at my heart: 
My pulle unequal, and my breath is firong ; 
Befides a filthy fur upon my tongue, Dryden. 
To FUR, v,a. To line or cover with fkins that have 
foft hair: 
Tlirough tatter’d clothes fmall vices do appear ; 
Robes and furr'd gowns hide all. Skahefpeare. 
To cover with foft matter.—To make lampblack, 
take a torch and hold it under the bottom of a bitten ba- 
fon-; and, as it groweth to be furred and black within, 
firike it with a feather into fome Ihell. Peackam. 
4 
FUR 
A dungeon wide and horrible ; the walls 
On all lidesyiirr’^ with mouldy damps, and hung 
With clots of ropy gore. Addifon. 
T\\tfur.trade has, for a great number of years part, form¬ 
ed a (peculation of confiderable extent amongft the mari¬ 
time powers of Europe. The polifiied nations of anti¬ 
quity, liovvever, not only rejeftedthe ufe of fur, either as 
an ornament in drefs, or as an article of commerce ; but 
fiigmatifed thofe with the epithet of barbarians, who were 
clothed in any manner with the fkins of animals. Strabo 
deferibes the Indians as covered with the fkins of lions, 
tigers, and bears ; and Setieca, the Scythians, clotlted with 
the fkins of foxes, and the fmaller quadrupeds ; while Vir¬ 
gil exhibits a piflure of the favage Hyperboreans, clad, 
like the wild Americans, in the fkins of brute beafis. It 
does not appear that the Greeks or early Romans ever 
made ufe of fur. It undoubtedly originated injthofe 
regions where feverity of climate required fuch warm 
clothing. At firft it confided of the fkins only, almoft in 
the ftate in which they were taken from the bead; but as 
foon as civilization took place, and manufadtures were in¬ 
troduced, fur became the lining of the drefs, and often an 
elegant facing for the robes. It is probable that the nor. 
them conquerors firft introduced the fafliion into Europe. 
We find, that about the year 522, when Totila king of 
theVifigoths reigned in Italy, the Suethons of modern 
Sweden found means, by the commerce of intervening 
people, totranfmit, for the ufe of the then Roman peo- 
pie, faphilinas pelles, the precious (kins of the fables. As 
luxury advanced, furs, even of the moft valuable fpecies, 
were ufed by princes as linings for their tents : thus 
Marco Polo, in 1252, found thofe of the cham of Tartary 
lined with ermines and fables. He calls the laft zibelines 
and zambolines. He fays that they were brought from 
countries far north ; from the Land of Darknefs, and re¬ 
gions almoft inacceflible by reafon of moralfes and ice. 
The ancient Welfh fet a high value on fur, as early as the 
time of Flowel Dda, who began his reign about 940. In 
the next age, fur became the fafhionable magnificence of 
Europe. When Godfrey of Boulogne and his followers 
appeared before the emperor Alexis Comnene, on their 
way to the Holy Land, he was (truck w'ith the richnefs of 
their fur dreffes, tarn ex oflro quam aurifrigio et nivto opere 
harmelino et ex mardrinogrfoque et vario. How adverfe was 
the ftate of luxury in France in the time of their great 
monarch Charlemagne, who contented himlelf with the 
plain fur of the otter! In England, fur was deemed a 
kingly ornament fo early as the reign of Alfred the Great; 
and in 1337, the luxury had fo univerfally prevailed, that 
Edward III. enacted, that all perfons who could not 
fpend a hundred a year, fhould be prohibited the ufe of 
tliis fpecies of finery. 
The French, foon after their eftabliftiment in Canada, 
in 160S, were the firft who brought this commerce into 
enviable repute, by extending their traffic for (kins to 
the remotefl fettlements of the Indian tribes in North 
America. When this traffic had been carried on for near 
half a century by the French, it was thought to be fo 
extremely profitable and advantageous, as to become the 
leading temptation for incorporating theEnglifii Hudfon’s. 
Bay company, in 1670, by Charles II.—See vol. iv. 
p. 883. But notwithfianding the exertions of this com¬ 
pany to monopolize the fur-trade, it continued to be car¬ 
ried on by the French to a very confiderable extent, until 
Canada was taken by the Englifli in 1760. Under the 
French government, the fur-trade from Canada had been 
extended as far weft as the Salkatchiwine river, in 
53 degrees north latitude, and J02 degrees weft Ion- 
giiude from Greenwich. Numbers of the natives of 
Canada were induced to penetrate into the Indian coun¬ 
tries, to prevail on them to bring fkins to barter with the 
French at their fettlements. It is not neceflTary to exa¬ 
mine the caufe, though experience proves, that it re- 
<juires much lefs time for a civilized people to deviate 
into the manners and cuftoms of favage life, than fur fa- 
vages 
