131 
FUR 
Paris in i 6 ib, lie firft purfiied the ftndy of the law, 
and for a time exercifed the cliarge of prociirenr-fifcal of 
the abbey of St. Germain des Pres. He tlien entered 
into the ecclefiaftical date, and obtained the abbacy of 
Chalivoi, and the priory of Chuines. He made himfelt 
known by various compolliions in vcrfe and profe, and 
became a member of the French academy. Tliat body 
was then engaged in the compilement of its Dictionary, 
of which circiimdance Fiiretiere was I'nj'pofed to take 
advantage in framing one of liis own, of whicli a fpeci- 
n;en appeared in 1684. This embroiled him with the 
academy, and canfed his expnlfion from tliat fociety in 
16S5. He publidied a j'aUum in his own juftificaiion, 
blit it was fo full of fatire and perfonal abufe, that it 
I'erved only to widen the breach; and though his place 
remained unoccupied, he continued in a date of exclufion 
till his death in 1688. The academy manifeded its fur, 
viving refentment, by decreeing that the ufual funeral 
fervice on the death of a member diotild not be per¬ 
formed for him. The dictionary of Fiiretiere was pub- 
lifhed in 1690, under the title of Dicticnnaire Univerjcl, 
two volumes folio. Balhage de Beaiival publidied an 
improved edition of it in 1701, three volumes folio, 
which was reprinted at Amderdam in 1725, four volumes 
folio. It has ferved as the bads of what is called the 
Diclionnaire deTrevoux, of which the lad edition was prin¬ 
ted in 1771, eight volumes folio. Furetiere’s otherworks 
were, Five Satires, in verfe; the Gofpel Parables, in 
verfe ; and Le Roman Bourgeois. A Furetiana appeared 
after his death, but is little edeemed. 
FUR'FUR, J. [from n=na farfarah, Heb. to break into 
fmall pieces.] Hudc or chaff, fcurf or dandriff, that 
grows upon the fkin, like bran. 
FURFURA'CEOUS, adj. furfuraceus,l.a.i.'] Hufky; 
branny ; fcaly. 
FURFURA''TION,/. {_iron\ furfur, hran.'\ A difeafe 
of the head, in which it is covered with a fcalinefs or 
fcurf like bran j a fcald head. Alfo a branny fediment 
in the urine. 
F'URGO'LE (John-Baptid), a learned writer on legal 
antiquities, born in 1690, at Cadel-Ferrus, in Lower Ar- 
magnac, was an advocate in the parliament of Touloufe. 
He was edeemed and patronifed by the chancellor d’A- 
giiedeau, who encouraged him to publilli tlie woiks by 
which he obtained his reputation. Of thefe, tlie mod 
generally intereding are, Trade des Cure's Primitifs, 4to. 
Traite des Tefamens & aulrcs Difpcfitions de dernier 
Votonte, foitr volumes 4to. 1745; Traite de la Seigneurie 
feodalt univerjelle, & du Franc-aleu naturel, i2mo. 1767. 
He was made capitoul of Touloufe in 1745, and died 
much regretted in 1761. 
FU'RIA,/. [from furio, to enrage, becaufe of the excru¬ 
ciating torments it occafions.] In helmiutology, a genus 
of worms belonging to the order of intedina ; the charac¬ 
ters of which are: body linear, equal, dliform, and 
ciliate on each fide with a dngle row of reflefted prickles, 
preffed clofe to the body. There is only one fpecies at 
prefeiit knowm, called furia inftrnalis. It inhabits the 
vad mardiy plains of Bothnia and Finland ; w here it crawls 
up dirubs and fedge-grafs, and being carried forwards by 
the wind, penetrates fuddenly into fiicb expofed parts of 
men and horfes as are not perpendicularly fituated. It 
quickly infinuates itfelf under the fkin, leaving a black 
point where it had entered, which is loon fucceeded by 
the mod excruciating pain, inflammation, and gangrene 
of the part, fvyooning and death. This will fometimes 
happen in the coiirfe of a day or two, frequently within 
a few lioiirs, unlefs the w’orm be immediately extraHed, 
which is effeffed with great caution and difficulty, by ap¬ 
plying a poultice of curds or cheefe ; or carefully dif¬ 
fering between tlie mufcles where it had entered.—A 
corredt figure of it is given in the engraving, confiderably 
magnified, to fliew ou-t3rj\e pi.li.ited prickles on its fides. 
FU'RIBUND, adj. [_juribopd, Fr. furibundus, Lat.] 
Full of madnefs, or like a madman. 
FUR 
FU'RIES, in pagan mythology, certain goddefTes whofe 
office it was to piinidi the wicked after deatli. They 
were three in number; Aledfo, Meaxra, and Tifiphone ; 
who were deferibed with fnakes indead of iiair, and eyes 
darting liglitning, carrying iron chains and whips in one 
hand, and in tlie oilier flaming torclies; the latter to dif- 
cover, and the forniei to punifli, the guilty,: and tliey 
were fiippofed to be condantly hovering over Inch per- 
fons as were planning or premeditating any enormous 
crime. Myihologifis fuppofe, tliat Tifiidione punifhed 
tlie crimes which fprang from liatred or anger; Megtera, 
' thofe from envy; and Alecfo, thofe from an infadable 
purfuit after riches and ambition. They were worlhip- 
ped at Calina in Arcadia, and at Carmia in Peloponnefus. 
They had a temple at Atliens near tlie Areopagus, and 
their prieds werecliofen from amongd the judges.of that 
court. AtTelphufia, a city in Arcadia, a black ewe was 
facrificed to them. 
FURIGEL'DUM, /. a muia paid for theft: by the 
law's of king Ethelred, it is allowed, that they fhall be 
witnefles qui nunquam fiirigeldum reddiderunt, i. e. who 
never were accufed of theft. 
FU'RIOUS, adj. \_furicux, Fr. furiqfus, Lat.] Mad ; 
phrenetic.—No man did ever think the luiitful aftions 
of .furious men and innocents to be punidiable. Hooker. 
—Raging ; violent; tranfported by paflion beyond reafon; 
Who can be wife, amaz’d, temp’rate and furious, 
Loyal and neutral, in a moment i No man. Bhakefpeare, 
Violent; impetuoufly agitated : 
With clamour thence the rapid currents drive, 
Towards the retreating fea their furious tide. Milton. 
FU'RIOUSLY, adv. Madly; violently; vehemently. 
—They obferve countenance to attend the pra6fice; and 
this carries them on furioufy to that which of themfelves 
they are inclined. South. 
She heard not half, fo furioufy die flies; 
Fear gave her wings. Dtyden. 
FU'RIOUSNESS,/. Frenzy; madnefs; trunfport of 
paffion. 
FURI'NA, the goddefs of robbers, worfliipped at 
Rome, Some fay that die is the fame as the Furies. 
Her fedivals were called Furineia. 
FU'RIUS AN'TI.A.S, an ancient Latin poet, contem- 
porary with Q.^ Lutatius Cutuhis, who is recorded to 
liave fent him a treaty made during his confulate, B.C. 
102. This circumdance renders it probable that it was 
this Furius (and not tlie following) who compofed annals 
in verfe. A. Gellius mentions him as having- been cen- 
fured by a grammarian for certain innovations in language, 
and quotes fonie lines from him, which appear inflated. 
Macrobius affirms th;it Virgil borrowed confiderably 
from Furius the anualid, and copies fome lines in proof of 
his alfertion. 
FU'RIUS BIBA'CULUS, a Latin poet, born at^KTre- 
mona, B.C. 101, and contemporary with Cicero. He 
wrote a poem on the Gallic war, in which, probably, 
were contained thofe contumelious verles againd Crelar 
w'hich are referred to by Tacitus and Suetonius. He was 
intimate with the grammarian Valerius Cato, w hole le.at ii- 
ing he praifes, while he laments his iudtg'etice, in feme ^ 
lines, written in an eafy dyle, quoted by Suetonius in his 
book On illiidrious Grammarians. The fragments re- 
maining of both the Furii are to be met with in the Cor. 
pus Poetar. Latin. 
FUR'KENBERG, a town of Germany, in the circle 
of Lovv-er Saxony, and duchy of Mecklenburg: thirty- 
fix miles north of Spandaii. 
Ta FURL, z/.rt. \_frefer, Fr.] Todrawup; to contract; 
When fortune fends a dormy wind, 
Then fliew a brave and prefent mind : 
And when with too indulgent gales 
She fwells too.much, then furl iliv fails. Creech. 
I “ FUR'LONG, 
