G 
light of the celebrated Fall of Fyres; amort majertic 
Icene, the greatert cafcade in the Highlands. After ven¬ 
turing at lead: five hundred feet below the fiimmit of the 
hill, vve beheld this grand cataradl in front, pouring down 
from the vaft height above ; but broken in its progrefs 
through the different ftages of the rock. At tlie laft ftage 
but one, where the freedom of its paflage was arrefted by 
a narrow channel in a cleft of the precipice, it grew furi¬ 
ous and foaming from the obftruiStion, till, at length deli¬ 
vered, it ilTued forth on a broad furface of rock juft be¬ 
low', and, in one vaft and voluminous rtieet, tumbled into 
the profoundgiilph with araomentum that rtiookthe glen, 
and filled the circumambient fpace with a continual fpray : 
“ Now rolling down the fteep amain 
Headlong, impetuous, fee it pour! 
The rocks and nodding groves rebellow to the roar. 
“ "When we had re-afcended the lofty hill, which from 
the bottom appeared all but perpendicular, we were led 
into a vaft fubterrain, beneath a neighbouring eminence, 
called the Cai/e j hut, for want of light, we could 
not explore it fufficiently to reward our curiofity. We 
were much more interefted by the Little Fall of Fyres, 
which opened to us from a bridge, at no great diftance 
from the great cataract. This has the character of a tor- 
G Mrv 
rent, but owes its principal confequeiice to the huge un¬ 
couth mafles of rock which form its bed, and project 
above and on either fide of it, with a folenm chaotic 
confufiou and favage magnificence.” 
FYTT (John), a celebrated painter, born at Antwerp 
about the year 1625. He painted in conjundlion with 
Rubens and Jordaens. His general fnbjedts were live 
and dead game, wild boars, dogs, fruits, flowers, and 
birds, particularly partridges, which he dcfcribed with 
furprifing truth. He likewife imitated fuccefsfnlly the 
bas relieves on vafes of marble or porphyry ; and gave 
uncommon frcflinefs to his fruits and flow ers ; and in ob. 
jedts of the animal kind, he defciibed the hairs of animals 
and the plumage of birds with wonderful fpiiit and free¬ 
dom of pencil. 
FYZAllAD', a town of Hindooftan, in the province of 
Oude, on the Gogra ; founded by Sadatkhan, a Perfian, 
who was forty years governor of the province, near the 
ancient city of Oude. He firft built a palace, with ex- 
tenfive gardens, and made it the place of his refidence ; 
many houfes were added, till, by degrees, it became a 
large city, and for fome time the capital of the province : 
it was defended with a fortrefs, a ditch, towers, ramparts, 
6cc, Sixty-five miles eaft of Lucknow, and eighty north of 
Allahabad. Lat. 26. 45.N. Ion. S2. 24. £. Greenwich. 
G IS the feventli letter, and fifth confonant, of the 
Englifli alphabet; though in the alphabets of all 
the oriental languages, the Hebrew, Fhenlcian, Chaldee, 
Syriac, Samaritan, Arabic, and even Greek, G is the 
third letter. The Hebrews call \x. ghimel ov gimcl, “ c.a- 
mel on account of its refemblance to the neck of that 
animal; and the fume appellation it bears in the Samari¬ 
tan, Phenician, and Chaldee : in the Syriac it is called 
gamel, in Arabic and in Grttk gamma. The gamma 
(T) is manifeftiy the gimel (.i) of the Hebrews or Samari¬ 
tans : all the difference confifts in this, that the gamma is 
turned to the right, and the gimel to the left, according 
to the different modes of writing which obtained among 
thofe difterent nations ; hence all the pains Salmafuis has 
taken on Solinus, to prove'that the G was derived from 
the Greek kappa, is loft. 
From the Greeks the Latins borrowed their form of 
this letter; the Latin G being certainly a corruption of 
the Greek gamma r, as is now clearly demonftrated in 
Dr. Fry’s “ Pantographiaas well as in many Greek 
and Latin MSS. ftiewing the progrellive charges through 
which the letter paifed from r lo G. Diomed. lib. ii. 
cap. De Litera, calls G a new letter. His reafou is, that 
the Romans liad not introduced it before the firft Punic 
war; as appears from the roftral column erected by C. 
Duilius, on which we every where find a C in lieu of G. 
It was Sp. Carvilius who firft diftinguiflied between thole 
two letters, and invented the figure of the G, as we are 
affured by Terentius Scuurus. The C ferved very well for 
G ; it being the third letter of the Latin alphabet, as the r 
or y was of the Greek. 
"I he G is found inftead of C on feveral medals; Vail- 
lant, hum. Impcrat. tom. i. p. 39. M. Beger produces a 
n\eAd\ ut the Familia Ogultna, where Gar is read inftead 
of Car, which is on thofe of M. Putin. But the C is 
rnore frequently leen on medals in lieu of G; as, Aucus- 
TALIS Carlaecia C A rtacin en s IS, &c. for Augus- 
TALis, &c. Not that the pronunciation of thofe words 
was altered, but only that the G was unartfully or negli¬ 
gently cut by the workmen : as is the cafe in divers in- 
icriptions of the eaftern empire; where auc, aucc, 
Aucce, are frequently found for aug, &c. 
The northern people frequently change the G into Y 
cr W ; as in Callus, Wallns ; Gallia, Wallia, Vallia, &c, 
VoL. VIII. No. 491. 
For in this inftance it muft not be fitid that the FreneW 
have changed the W into G ; becaufe they wrote Callus 
long before IVallus or Wallia was known, as appears from 
all the ancient Roman and Greek writers. And yet it is 
equally true, that the French change the W of the nor¬ 
thern nations, and V confonant, into G ; as, Willidmus, 
“William,” into Guillaume •, Wulphilas into Gulphilas 
Vafeo into Gafcoti, See. 
The letter G is of the mute clafs, and cannot be a y 
way founded witliout the help of a vowel. It is formed 
by tlie reflexion of the air againft the palate, made by the 
tongue as the air partes out of the throat; which Marti- 
anus Capella exprell'es thus, G Jpiritus cum palato ; fo that 
G is a palatal letter. The modern G takes its form from 
that of the Latins. In Englifli it has two founds, one 
from the Greek r, and the Latin, which is called that of 
the hard G, becaufe it is formed by a preffure fomewhac 
hard on the fore-part of the tongueagainft the upper gum ; 
which found it retains before a, 0, u, I, r ; as gate, go, gvll. 
At the end of a word it is always liard, as ring, fing, &c. 
I'he other found, called that of the foft < 3 , refembles that 
of i ; and is commonly, though not always, found be¬ 
fore e and;, as in gejiure, giant, &c. Ta this rule, how¬ 
ever, there are many exceptions ; G is often hard before 
i, 2.^ give, &c. and fometimes before e, get, See. It is 
alfo hard in derivatives from words ending in g, as 
Singing, Jlronger, &c. and generally before tr, at the end of 
words, as f.nger. Before n, at the end of a w’ord, g is 
commonly melted away3 as in the French, from w hich 
thefe words are commonly derived : thus, from benign, 
malign, condign, vie pronounce benine, maline, condine. It is 
often filent in the middle of the words before h ; as, might. 
At the end of a word bas often the found of/, -ds laugh, 
rough, tough. The Saxon D, 5, feems to have had gene, 
rally the found of confonant ; whence gate is by nifties 
ftill pronouncedAs a numeral, G was anciently 
ufed to denote 400; and with a dafli over it thus 
40,000. . ... 
As an abbreviature, G. ftands for Gains, Gellius, t^ens, 
genius. See. G. G. ioxgemina, gejjit, gejferunt. See. G. C. 
{ov genio civitatls or Cccfaris. G. iL. icic Gains libertus, or 
genio loci. G. V. S. for genio urbis facrum. G. B. for 
genio bono. And G. T. fox genio tutelari. 
In mufic, G is the charaifter or murk of the ircblecleffj 
an* 
