G A D U S. 
156 
When the heads are cut off and thefidi cleaned out, they 
are put into a large tub with a quantity of French fait; 
and a week after they put them in heaps on a kind of gra¬ 
ting to let the blood and brine run off; after this, they 
rub them with Spanifli fait; then pack them up tight in 
calks, for fa!e, under the name of laberdan-, when only 
dried on the rocks, they call them kltffjifche\ they fplit 
the large ones tliat the fait may penetrate better, but the 
fmall ones have only the belly opened : the latter are 
called roundJifi, the former J!at-jiJk ; when dried on poles, 
they call them rothjifch. All thefe forts are carried to 
Bergen, and thence tranfported to all parts of Europe. 
The heads are eaten, but w here forage is fcarce they are 
given to cattle. The inhabitants of the north dry the 
heads on the fliore, and give them to their cattle mixed 
with fea-weed ; cows fed in this manner we are affured 
give much more milk than when draw or hay is given 
them. 
As the air-bladder of this fidi is very glutinous, the 
Icelanders prepare from it an ifinglafs not much inferior 
to that of Riidia. TJie following is the mode they piir- 
fue : tliey leave tb.e back bones in lumps with the air- 
bladders attached to them till they are ready to rot; then 
they lay them on a block, and beat the vertebix; till tire 
bladders are loolened, as well as the ligaments by which 
they were fadened, and which are called pockets; they 
now cut uw'ay the bladders, and place tlrem on a table or 
block, on which is nailed arough brufh intended to clean 
them ; with a jagged knife they fcratch the outer (kin od' 
the bladders and ligaments. The bladders being tlrus 
cleaned, they are foaked for a tinre in lime-water, to take 
off all the fat wlrich may yet adhere to them ; then they 
rince them in clear water, afterwards dry tlrem, and then 
they may be iifed as ifinglals. At Newfoundland they 
have attempted the fanre thing ; but, as they have neither 
time nor room for all thefe precedes, they fait the air- 
bladders, and keep tlrem for ufe;or elfe eat them; when 
wanted for the purpofe of making ifinglafs, they mud be 
foaked in water to take away the fait. Tire thicked blad- 
ders are bed for the purpofe, though the ifinglafs w'ill 
not be quite fo clear as tliat iirade from thin ones. The 
Norwegians eat the air-bladders fredr ; or they fait them 
for fale : they call them fundc-mauery or domaclric, be¬ 
lieving them to be good for the donraclr : hence tire En- 
glid) name founds or zounds. At Newfoundland they 
nrake,the tongues alfo turn to advantage : tlrey eat them 
either fre(h or failed, and count them a delicacy. Tire 
Norwegians, Icelanders, &c. nrake oil from the liver; 
for, when it attains a certain degree of corruption, the 
oily parts will run out of themfelves l\y degrees; and this 
oil is preferable to whale-oil, becaufe it keeps leather a 
longer time moid, and when ufed for light it makes lefs 
fmoke. I'lre ova or. eggs alfo are preferved with care ; 
tlrey are failed, put into fmall calks, and fold to tire 
Dutch and French, for the French and Spaniards rife 
them as a bait for catching the anchovy ; they export an¬ 
nually from Bergen at lead twenty thoufand barrels of 
.hefe.eggs; each barrel fells for about 7s. derling. 
We have (poken generally of this fidrery, as it re¬ 
gards Great Britain ; but it is time to enter more par- 
ticiiiarly iirto tire hidory of this confiderable tomrrrerce. 
Tire velfels wlrich go to Norway and Newfoundland conr- 
nronly fet out in March, (bnre fooner, fome later, accor¬ 
ding to the didance tlrey irave to go; and return about 
the end of September. As foon as they arrive, they make 
a gallery oir-board each vefTel from the main-mad to the 
poop, and fometimes from one end of the vefTel to the 
other; this outer gallery is funrilhed with cafks, daved 
at one end, in which the Tailors or fidrermen place tliem- 
felves as a proteikion from the cold, and their heads are 
covered with a drelter which is fadened to the ca(k. As 
foon as a man takes a fi(h from the hook, he cuts out the 
tongue ; then he gives it to a boy, who carries it to tire 
dmner \ he cirts od the head, takes out the liver and en¬ 
trails, and then drops it through a hole in the double 
deck, where the prefarer gets it, and, having taken out 
the back-bone, drops it through another hole,, into the 
place where they fait it and lay it in heaps; the falter 
takes care to have fait enough between the layers or beds, 
that the fidr may not drake and rub ; but he mud- not put 
too much ; and on this the (kill or nicety of curing then* 
depends, for too much or too little fait hurts the fidr, 
and lelfens the price it will fetch. 
Though this (idiery be very confiderable in tire north 
of Europe, it is not to be compared to what is carried on 
in Nortlr America, particularly on tire banks of New¬ 
foundland, as hinted in the early part of this article. We 
may fuppofe, that the Newfoundland fidrery is not now 
fo confiderable for the Engiifh as it was before the rup. 
ture with the American colonies, as they now fiiare it 
with us, and the fifhermen of Bodon only take annually 
in Malfachufetts-bay more than fifty thoufand quintals of 
cod-fidr; and a certain fpace in Nortlr America has alfo 
been ceded to the French for the like purpofe. The 
fidrery, however, was very plentiful for Great Britain in 
1785, when two hundred and twenty velTels were em. 
ployed; and Pennant alfures us, in his Arftic Zoology, 
that fuclr a quantity of the cheven or drub fidr are caught 
by us off tire Dogger-bank and the Well-bank, as may 
nrake us anrends for the diminution of the fidrery at 
Newfoundland. 
Tlie French carry on tire Newfoundland fi(hery to a 
pretty confiderable extent. In 1768, they fent one hun¬ 
dred and fourteen vcdels, carrying in the wliole 15,590 
tons ; each velfel brought away on an average 6ocofi(h ; 
fo that the fi(hery of that year amounted to 24,066,000 
fidr, or 192,528 quintals, which may be reckoned to liave 
produced in France 3,174,305 livres, near 150,000!. der. 
ling : thefe. fidr would produce alfo near 2000 tons of 
oil, which would be 231,000 livres, near jo,oool. der¬ 
ling, more. And as the French fidr in other places alfo, 
it may be guelfed what a profitable thing this (ifhery niu(t 
be to the French government; yet all they caught could 
not fupply that kingdom during Lent, and they condantly 
bought great quantities from the Dutch. According to 
Anderfon, the fird velfel fent by the French to New¬ 
foundland was in 1537 ; and in 1578 they fent a confider¬ 
able number. Before the lad war, France employed, 
according to a late writer, more than three hundred vef- 
fels in this filhery. Part of thefe go to Newfoundland, 
where they dry the fi(h they have caught; others fi(h on 
the great bank, and thence carry failed fi(h ; another part 
carry goods to St. Pierre’s and Miquelon, and baiter 
them for dried fidr; the fird fort of velfels have froirr 
fixty to ninety men as their complement, and the value 
of one of them with her cargo is edimated at 70,000 
livres; thofe whicli fi(h on the great bank carry but fif¬ 
teen men, and are edimated at 25,000 livres value; tlie 
lad, which are for barter, carry from fifteen to twenty 
men, and their average worth is about 50,000 livres.. 
The total number of velfels in 1786 was 330, of leamen . 
11,315. In a work publidied at Pans in 1791, the pro¬ 
duce of the French cod-filhery at Newfoundland, is dated 
to have increafed from fix to fixteen millions within the, 
lad twenty years. 
According to Frazier, the cod appears in great num¬ 
bers at Chili in the month of November. Admiral An- 
fon fays they are prodigioudy large; and, from the tedi- 
mony of fome of his people who had been at Newfound¬ 
land, alferts that they are as plenty there as at Newfound¬ 
land itfelf. The abbe Molina alferts, that the cod- 
filhery isfo plentiful on the coadsof Gio Fernandez, that 
the fame thing may beobferved of it as we have remarked, 
at Newfoundland, viz. that filh are drawn as fad as the 
lines are thrown in. The cod appears alfo on the coads. 
of Valparaifo in the months of Odflober, November, and 
December; but only in dormy weather; and thefe peo¬ 
ple, who formerly fet no value on the cod-fi(h, have 
within thefe few years applied themfelves to this lucra. 
live branch of trade, and now an.nually dry a great nura,-. 
4. 
