G iE R 
GAP 
time liis fight Vecarae perfectly re-eflabliflied. Though 
his healtli was feeble, he refuined his work with ardor ; 
and in about two years the nianufcript and defigns iiiten- 
'ded for the firft volume were completely finiflied. Soli¬ 
citous, however, of attaining correitnefs, he employed 
confiderable time in revifion ; with which and other pur- 
fuiis connected with his chief obj?6t, he was fo fully oc¬ 
cupied, that this firfl volume did not appear till March 
rySS. It was pTinted at his own expence at Stutgard, 
and dedicated to M. (fir Jofeph) Banks^ 
Devoted with enthufiafin to his botanical fludies, he 
laboured in them with alntofl unremitting perfeverafice ; 
fearful left, in his declining health, the night of death 
fliould fnrprife him before his work was fmiQied. He 
completed , the MS. of his fecond volume, and fent it to 
the printer in April 1791 ; and he was ftimnlated by frefh 
fpecimens of fruit prefented to him from diflerent quar¬ 
ters, to commence a fupplement : biit his conftitniion, 
already weakened by Itis fedentary avocations, was inca¬ 
pable of fuftaining the farther inteniity of tiis Ihtdies. 
Confumed by a flow fever, his hands grew weak and trem¬ 
bling ; and on July 14, 179', death terminated his feien- 
liftc labours, in the 59th year of his age. His manners 
were pure, his tafte limple, and with nnihaken conftancy 
he direfted his efforts to the acqnifitiou and diffitfion of 
knowledge. He never was folicitous to augment his for¬ 
tune, judging that the facrifice of liis time could not be 
remunerated by other advantages: but he obtained by 
his economy, fufficient to defray tite expence of his tra¬ 
vels, to pnrc.iiafe books, and objei'ls of natural hiftory, 
and to pay for the impreflion of his work, on wliich he 
founded no ex pedfation of gain. I'o liis other virtues lie 
added tliat ot modelly. In the preface to his-fecond vo¬ 
lume, he acknowledges with franknefs the defe£fs of his 
work, and points oitr what remains to be dotie. He has 
left among his MSS.^a polyglot-diftionary of the nan’.es 
of plants; a publication much wanted. The fiipplement 
-to his great work on fruits, we underftand, will be com¬ 
pleted by his fon. 
Gi^RTNE'R A, y. [In memory of Jofeph Gtertner, 
M.D. F.R.S. &c. the fubjcil of the preceding anr- 
cle.] In botany, a genus of the clafs decandria ; 
order monogynia. The generic cliaradfers are—Ca¬ 
lyx: perianth one-leafed, five-parted, permanent; di- 
vifions oblong, obtnfe, fpreading, nearly eqtial. Co¬ 
rolla: petals five, ronndifti, large, flat, fpreading, torn 
and ciliate on the edge, nearly equal, with very fiiort 
claws. Stamina: filaments ten, filiform, very flightly 
coalefcent at the bafe; nine flender, ereftifh, fhorter than 
the corolla, the tentli thicker, the length of t!ie petal, 
bent in at top. Antherm parallelopiped,'"nine equal fmall, 
the tenth on the longer filament a little larger. Piftil. 
lium : germ fnperior, three-toothed, fmall : ftyle filiform, 
lateral, bent in, the length of the greater ftamen, perma¬ 
nent: fiigma fliarp. Pericarpium : capfule woody, 
having four wings, one-celled; wings lanceolate, widening 
towards the tip, obtnfe; one very large, upright; two 
fmaller, patulous ; the fourth very fmall, afeending. 
Seed Angle, roundifn —Ejjential CharaSler. Calyx : five- 
parted, tlie leaflets having on the outfide a Tingle margi¬ 
nal gland. Corolla: five-petalled, fomewhat unequal, 
toothlefted, fnrniflied with very fiiort claws. Seed-velTcl 
nearly globofe, with four wings, 
Gaertnera racemofa, a folitary fpecies. According 
to Rheede (in Kort. Malab.) fourofthe petals are white, 
and the fifth yellow. The feed veflTel is nearly globular, 
or inverfely parabolical, leathery, thin, of a yellowifii 
bay colour, marked on the fide with the rudiment of the 
ftyle; on the top it has a fmall triangular creft, and on 
the edge it has three very long leathery wings of an 
ovate-lanceolate ftiape, the middle one larger than the 
others. Seed kidney-form-globular, wrinkled, gibbons, 
ferruginous-reddifli. It is a large climbing woody (hrub, 
flowering in the wet and cold feafon. It is cultivated 
all over the coaft of Coromandelj on account of the beauty 
Ki3 
and fragrance of its flowers. It is tlie vcdal chitta of 
tile Telingas. Native of the liaft Indies, ii> the Circar 
mountains. See Banistekia benghalenfis, whidi is tiie 
fame plant. 
G-inSA'TjD, a people that dvvclt on the banks of the 
Rlione, wlio allifted the Senones in taking and plundering 
Rome under Brennus. St'Ml'O. 
GAES'BPt.’K, a town of Brabant: feven miles fouth- 
weft of Brulfels. 
GAE'TA, a feaport town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
N.iples, and country of I.avora, liru.ited on a bay called 
the Gulf of Gci^ta : the harbour is defended by a citadel. 
It is the fee of a bifliop, fufiVagan of Capita, but exempt 
from his jnrifdidtion: tlie (ituation is at the foot of a 
mountain near the lea. This town was titken in 1707 bv 
the imperial troops by affault : forty miles nort!i-vveft of 
Naples. L:it. 41. 16. N. Ion. 31. to. E. f'erro. 
G^TU'Ll.^, in ancient geography, a country of Af¬ 
rica, lying to the fouth of Mauritania, ctdled Gatulia Pro^ 
pria. GaetvlU the people, were diftinguiflied by different 
epithets'; as Nigri, Autololcs, Darre, and Baniurre. Pliny. 
—The Gretuli w-ere among the fir ft inhabitants of Aft ica ; 
a rough, unpolilhed people, living on th.e fnontaneou.-v 
produdtions of tlie earth ; a wandering tribe, wlio took 
up with the firft; place in which night furprifed them., 
Salluji. 
GAFERA'ID, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the pro-/ 
vince of Caramania : tliirty-two miles fouth-eaft of Cogni. 
GAFFjy. a harpoon or l.trge hook, ufnally fi.xed to a 
pole, and iifed in fmall ftiips, to extend the upper edge or’‘ 
the mizen, or thofe fit's wliofe fo.remoft edges are joined 
to the maft by lioops or lacings, and wiiich are nfnally ex¬ 
tended by a boom below. 
GAF'FAREL (James), a French divine, and learned' 
writer, born in 160:. He acquired great ficill in the ori¬ 
ental languages, and in tlie cabaliftic and occult fciences. 
Cardinal Richelieu made clioice of liim for his library- 
keeper, and fent him into Italy to collect fcarce m.anu™ ■ 
feripts and books. He punliftied Curiojitez Inrwuics, Un¬ 
heard-of Curiofities. He died in 1681, aged 80. He ha.l 
almoft finifhed an “ Hiftory of the Subterranean World f 
containing an account of the caves, grottoes, vaults, ca¬ 
tacombs, and mines, lie had met with in thirty years tra-- 
vels. 
GAF'FER, /. [gegej-ie, companion. Sax.] A word 
of refpedt now oblolete, or applied only in contempt to 
a meati perfon : 
For gaffer Treadwell told ns by the bye, 
Excellive forrow is exceeding dry. Gay. 
GAFFLEN'TZ, a town of Germany, in tiie arch¬ 
duchy of Auftrla : fixteen miles foutli-fouth-eafiof Steyr. 
GAF'FLES, y. [j^apeluca]:', fpears. Sax.] Artificial 
fpurs put upon cocks when tiiey arefet to fight. Afteei 
contrivance to bend crofs-bows, Ainfworth. 
GAF'FOLDGILD, f. [Sax.] The payment of cuf- 
tom, a tribute. Ecott. 
GAF'FOLDLAND, f. [Sax.] The land which was , 
fubjeCf to the gafl'oldgild, land liable to be taxed. Scott. 
GAFF'SA, a town of Africa, in the country of Tunis: 
130 miles fouth-weft of Cairoan. 
GAFU'RIO (Francliino), an eminent profeffor of 
mufic, born in 1451 at Lodi, where his father Bettino 
was a foldier in the fervice of the dnke of Mantua. He 
was educated for the priefthood, and particularly applied 
himfelf to the ftudy of mufic. After taking orders, he. 
went to Mantua, and then to Verona, at which place he 
firft commenced a teacher of mufic. He vifited Genoa, 
Naples, and other cities, continually improving himfelf 
in mufical fcience, and augmenting his reputation by his 
writings and leisures. In 1484 he was invited to Milan, . 
and placed at the head of the choir in that cathedral. 
The dnke Lodovico Sforza allb created him the firft 
public profeffor of mufic in his capital; where he refided 
many years, and compofsd many learned works which 
have 
