ini GAG GAG 
have perpetuated his name. He alfo caufed the writings, one came to the bottom, the lighter (bould get loofe from 
of the ancient Greek authors concerning nuific to be it, and emerge; and the depth was to be eflimated by the 
tranflatcd into Latin. A vvork On Mufical Inftruments, time the compound was in falling from the top to the 
wliich he pabliflied in 1518, involved him in an angry bottom of the water, together with the time tlie lighter 
coiitroverfy with Giovanni Spatario, a niufician in Bo- body svas in fifing, reckoned from the difappearing of the 
logna, who gave a fevere criticifni of it, to which he re- machine, till tlie emergent body was feen again; but no 
plied with equal acrimony. It is not known to what age certain conclufion could be drawn from fo precarious and 
Gafurio lived ; but as his reply to Spatario is dated in incomplete an experiment. But that invented by Drs. 
1^20, he mult have reached his feventieth year. He was Hales and Defaguliers was of a more exadt nature, depen- 
a man of general learning, and wrote moll of his, works in ding on the prelfure of the fluid only. For as the pref- 
Latin, in a flyle of conliderable elegance. He likewife fure of fluids in all diredlions is the fame at the fame 
compofed poems in that language. His mufrcal pubhca- 
tions, which are Hill in high repute, are: Theoricum Opus 
Muficie Difciplina;, Neap. 1480; Milan, 1492. PraSlica 
Muficieutriufque Cantus, Milan, 1496; Venet. 1512. -Angc- 
licum & Diviniun Opus Muficcc materna lingua fcript. Milan, 
1508. De Harmonica Muficorum Injlrumentorum,. MW. 1518. 
He likewife publiflied tlie works of Maft'eo Vegio,andan 
oration of Jac. Antiquario in praife of LouisXl I. of France. 
To G AG,i/.b. [ fromDutch, the palate. MinJIiezo, ] 
To (lop the mouth with (bmething that may allow to 
breathe, but hinder to fpeak.—There foam’d rebellious 
logic, gagg'd and bound.^ Pope. 
GAG, f. Something put into the mouth to hinder 
fpeech or eating: 
Some, when the kids their dams too deeply drain. 
With and muzzles their foft mouths rellrain. Drydcn, 
GAG, one of the Papuan Ifiands, which having the 
advantage of a fafe bay, with plenty of frelh wti^ter, and 
timber, induces navigators to toucli there, though it is 
wholly uninhabited. 
GAGARAWAU'BAY, a bayou the-nortli coafi: of 
the Ifland of St. Vincent. 
GAGA'TES,y! [yayaTr,;, from Taync, Gr. a river in 
Lycia, where it is found.] A fpecies of jet or agate.ftone. 
GAGE, /. [gage, Fr.] A pledge; a pawn; a caution ; 
any thing giveo in fecurity.—There is niy the ma¬ 
nual feal of death. Shakti/peare. 
But (luce it was decreed, aufpicious king, 
111 Britain’s right that thou fhould’ft vved the main, 
Heav’n, as a gage, would call fome previous tiling. 
And therefore doom’d that Lawfon fiiould be flain. Dryd. 
A meafure ; a rule of meafuring: 
One judges as the weather di6lates ; riglit 
'I'Kc poem is at noon, and wrong at night ; 
Anotlier judges by a Curev gage, 
Anautlior’s principles or parentage. Young, 
fin Tea language.] When one (hip is to windward of ano¬ 
ther, (he is faid to have the weather-gage. 
7 oGAGE,w.rt. Fr.] I'o wager; to depone as a 
■wager; to impawn ; to give as a caution, pledge, or I'e- 
riirity.—Ke found the Turkilh merchants making merry: 
nnto thcTe mercliants, he gave due falutations, caging 
h.is faith for their (afety, and they likewife to him. Knollcs. 
—To bind by fome ca-Lition or furety ; to engage ; 
My chief care 
Is to come fairly oft'from (he great debts 
Vv herein my time, I'omething too prodigal. 
Hath left mt g'.ged. Shakefpeare. 
To meafure; to take the contents of any veffel of liquids 
particularly. More properlySee Gaugej 
Nay, but 1 bar to-niglit: you fliall not ifttge me 
By w hat we do to-night. Shakefpeare. 
In Iiydrollatics, pneumatics, &c. thegage isan inftrument 
for akertaining mealures of various kinds.: viz. 1. The 
SE.\-GAGEi which is.an inftrument for finding the depth 
cir the fca. Several kinds of thefe have been invented by 
Dr. Hales, Dr. D.ifeguliers, and others. Formerly, the 
machines for this purpofe confifted of two bodies, the one 
fpecifically lighter, and the other fpecifically heavier,than 
the water; lb joined together that as foon as the heavy 
depth, fo a. gage which difeovers what the prefl'ure is at 
the bottom of the fea, will, fltew what the true.depth of 
the fea is in that place, whether the time of the machine’-s 
defeent be longer or fliorter. 
Dr. Hales, in bis Vegetable Statics, deferibes his gage 
for eflimating the prelfures made in opaque vefiels 5 where 
honey, being poured over the furface of mercury in an 
open velfel, rifes upon the furface of the mercury as it is 
prelfed up into a tube whofe lower orifice is immerfed 
into the honey and mercury, and whofe top is hermeti¬ 
cally fealed. Now as by the prelfure, the air in the tube 
is condenfed, and the mercury rifes, fo thC' mercury 
comes down again when the prelfure is taken off, and 
would leave no mark of the height to which it had rifen ; 
but the honey or treacle, put upon the mercury, by Hick, 
ing to the inlide of the tube, leaves a mark, which fliews 
the heiglit to which it had rifen, and confequently gives 
the quantity of prelfure, and the lieight of the furface of 
the fluid. Defaguliers’s addition to this machine, con- 
filled in a contrivance to cany it down to the bottom of 
the fea by means of a heavy weight, which was immedi¬ 
ately difengaged by flriking the bottom, and tlie gage, 
made very light for the purpofe, re-afeended to the top, 
A correbl delineation of this gage is given in the an¬ 
nexed engraving at fig. I. A B reprefenis the gage-bot¬ 
tle or jar, in which is cemented the gage-tube F/', in the 
brafs cap at G. The upper end of tube F is hermetically 
fealed, and the open lower end f, is immerfed in mercury, 
hiarked C, on which fwims the treacle. On the top of 
the bottle is ferewed a tube of brafs H G, pierced with 
feveral holes to admit the water into the bottle A B. The 
body K is a weight .hanging by its lliank L in a locket N, 
with a notch on one fide at sn, in which is fixed the catch I 
of the fpring s, and, pafiing through the hole L in the 
fliank of the weight K, prevents its falling out when once 
hung on. On the top, in the upper part of the brafs 
tube at H, is fixed a large empty ball or full-blown blad-. 
dcr I, which mull not be fo large but that the weight K 
may be able to fink the whole under water. The inflru- 
iTient is tiled in the following manner: the weight K be¬ 
ing bung on, the gage is let fall into the Water, and finks 
to the bot'om : tlie locket N is fomewhat longer tlian the 
Ihunk L ; and therefore, after the weight tC comes to the 
bottom, the gage will continue to defeend till the lower 
part of the locket llrikes againft the weight : this gives 
liberty to the catch to fly out,of the hole L, and, let go 
the weiglit K: when this is done, the bailor bladder I 
inftantly buoys up the gage to the top of the water. . 
While the gage is under water, the water, having free ac-- 
cefs to the treacle and mercury in the bottle, will by its 
prelfure force it tip into the tube F f, and the height to 
vvhich it has been forced by the grearell prelfure, viz, 
that at the bottom, will be Ihown, as before c.«bferved, by 
the rriark in the tube which the treacle leaves behind it. 
This Ihows into what fpace the whole air in the tube Ff 
is comprelfed ; and confequently the heighT or depth of 
the water which by its^weight produced that compreflion, 
which is the thing required. 
If the gage-tube F f were of glafs, a fcale might be 
drawn on it with the point of a diamond, Ihowing, by in- 
fpeiStion, what height the water (lands above the bottom. 
But the length of ten inches is not fufliqient for fathoming 
great depths at fea, feeing that, when all the air in 
fiich a length of tube is comprelfed into half an inch, the 
depth 
