GAL 
ibft, tenacious, niaffes, of different (iiadesy from white ,to 
brown ; the better forts of which, on being opened, appear 
compofed of clear whitifh tears, often intermixed with 
little ftalks or feeds of the plant. It partakes more of the 
refinous than .of the gummy quality, though it is nearly 
all foluble in water. It hath a (Irong unpleafant fmell, 
and bitterith warm tafte, is unfluous to the touch, and 
foftens in the fingers. In medical virtue and fenfible qua. 
lities it refembles the gum ammoniacum, but is lefs effi¬ 
cacious in afthmas, though more efficacious than it in hy- 
fteric diforders. Great part of the virtue of galbanum con- 
fifts in its effential oil, and is carried up in didillation, 
either with water or with fpirit, whence great care is re¬ 
quired in purifying it. For making of platters, and fuch 
like inferior purpofes, the beft metliod is to expofe it in 
winter to a ffiarp froft, and whilft it is brittle to powder 
it: thus the impurities may in fome meafiire be feparat- 
ed in the fearce j for internal ufes, it is beft managed by 
including it in a bladder, and keeping it in hot water, 
until it is foft enough to be drained by prelfure through 
an hempen cloth. Befides the eftential oil yielded by dif- 
tillation with water, an empyreumatic oil is obtained, by 
diftilling in a retort without mixture. This empyreuma¬ 
tic oil is of a fine blue colour, but changes in the air to a 
purple. 
_GALBE'UM, f. [from the emperor Galba, who is 
faid to have worn it.] A medical bracelet worn round the 
neck. 
GAL'BULUS, f. [from galbus, Lat. yellow.] The 
cone or nut of the cyprefs-tree ; fo called from its colour. 
Alfo the medical term for a natural yellownefs of the 
fkin. 
G AL'DER, a town of the ifland of Canary. 
GALE, y. [gaklingy Germ, hafty, hidden.] A wind 
not tempeftuous, yet ftronger than a breeze.—Freffi gales 
and gentle air. Milton. 
Umbria’s green retreats. 
Where weftern^«/M eternally lefide. Addifon. 
GALE (Roger), a learned antiquarian, eldeft fon of 
dean Gale, born in and educated at Trinity col- 
lege, Cambridge, of wliich he became fellow in 1697. 
He poflefted a confiderable eftate at Scrutoh in Yorkfliire, 
and was reprefentative of North Allerton in that county, 
during three parliaments. He was a fellow of the royal 
and antiquarian focieties, of wliich laft he was vice-prefi- 
dent and treafurer. He died at Scruton, in June, 1744. 
Mr. Gale publiftied Antonini Iter Britanniarum Commentariis 
xlhijlratum Thomez Gale, S. T. P. nuper Decani Ebor. Opvs 
fofihuinum revijit, edidit R. G. AcceJJit Anonymi Ravennatis 
Britannia Chorographia •, Lond. 1709, 4to. Alfo, The 
Knowledge of Medals, See, tranflated from the French of 
Joubert i Regijirum Honoris de Richmond, 1722, folio; A 
Difeourfe on the four Roman Ways in Britain, printed 
in Leland’s Itinerary, vol. vi. and feveral papers in the 
Memoirs of tJie Royal and Antiquarian Societies, and 
other publications. He bequeathed his MSS. and a ca¬ 
binet of Roman coinsifo Trinity college, Cambridge — 
His, brother, Samuel Gai.e, was alfo eminent for antiqua¬ 
rian learning, and was the author of Ibme eflays in the 
Archajologia. 
GALE (Theophilus), a learned Englifti nonconform- 
ift divine, born at King’s-Teinton in Devonlhire, in 1628. 
In 1647 he was entered a commoner of Magdalen college, 
m the univerfity of Oxford, where his great diligence 
and exemplary behaviour recommended him to the 
efteem of the prefident, Dr. John Wilkinfon. To the 
fame recommendations: he was probably indebted for his 
eletffion to a felJowihip of his college, in 1650, when fe¬ 
veral of his feniors proved unfuccefsful candidates. In 
r6j52 he took his degree of M. A. and became an eminent 
tutor, and a diftinguifhed preacher. While he diligently 
difcliarged the duties of thefe fundtions, he applied him- 
felt clolely to theological ftudies, and collefted materials 
&r his grand work The Court of the Gentiles, the plan 
GAL 175 
of which he had begun to form at an early period of his 
academic life. For feveral years a confiderable part of 
his theological refearches was diredfed in fublerviency 
to this.defign ; wdiile at the fame time he fediiloufly dif- 
charged the duties of the minifterial office, and wasjuftly 
admired for the happy, mixture offolid reafoning, learn- 
ing, and piety, by which his pulpit difeourfes were dif- 
tinguifiied. In 1657 he fettled as a ftared preacher at 
Winchefter, where he acquired univeifal eileeni by his 
exemplary life and converfation. When, after the refto- 
ration of Charles II. tlie adl of uniformity vras palled in 
1661, Mr. Gale not being able confeientioufiy to fub- 
feribe to the terms required under it, found himfelf com¬ 
pelled to embrace the Jiard lot of many other diftinguilh- 
ed clergymen, who ,were excluded from the public exer- 
cife of their fundtion ; and he was likewife deprived of 
his:fellowfi)ip. In thefe circumltances lie was received 
into the family of Pliilip lord Wharton, in the capacity of 
tutor to his two fons Tliomas and Godwin. As lord 
Wharton was on principle a non-conformift, his views of 
things would not permit him to fend his fons to eitlier of 
the Englifti univerlities ; on which account he determined 
to place them in fome foreign public academy. In pur. 
fuanceof this refolution, he feiit them under the caie of 
Mr. Gale, in 1662, to Caen in Normandy, where there 
was a celebrated feminary of learning, under the dirrdtion 
of the nioft diftinguiflied profelfors of the reformed reli¬ 
gion in France. In this fttuaiioii Mr. Gale had an op¬ 
portunity of forming an acquaintance vAith many of the 
foreign literati, among wlioni was the famous Bocliart, 
and of improving himfelf by theii' converfation and lite¬ 
rary communications. In 1665 lie relumed vAith his pu- 
pils to England, and foon after renewed his literary pur- 
fuits. When he had finiftied his v oik, as a member of 
the univerfity he applied to Dr, Fell, tiie vice-clianiellor 
of Oxford, for his licence to commit it to the prefs ; v hich 
being granted with much readinefs, Mr. Gale printea the 
firft part, with the view of trying what reception it was 
likely to meet witli in the learned world. This was pub¬ 
liftied in i, 6'59, in 4to. and entitled The Court of the Gen¬ 
tiles ; or, A Difeourfe touching the Origin.d of Humaij 
Literature, both Philology and Pliilofophy, from the 
Scriptures and Jewifli Church, &c. It wa received with 
great applaufe, both at home and abroad ; which it ter- 
tainly merited on account of the profound erudition, in¬ 
genuity,.and labour, which it diiplayed. The fecond part 
was publiihed in 1671, and the third and fourth in 1677- 
The whole was fpeedily tranflated into Latin, and Ipiead 
the author’s fame over every, part of Europe. Before the 
appearance of tiie fourth part, Mr. Gale had publiftied, 
in 1676, another learned work, intended to exhibit a com. 
pendious view of the ancient pliilofophy in general, and 
entitled Philofophia Generalis, in dnas partes dijlenninata: 
Una, de Ortu S 3 Progreffa Philofophia:, See. 'I'lie leading 
defigii of it is the fame witn that in The Court of the 
Gentiles; only it is written with more concifenefs, and 
particularly intended for the ufe.of per.foiis engaged in a. 
regular coiirfe.of philofopliical ftudies. Li 1678 tie print¬ 
ed propofals for publilliing by Gibfcription, Lexicon Grad 
Tejiamenti Elymologicum, Synonymum five Gloffarum & Homo. 
; which, as the title inqiorts, was intended both for 
a lexicon,and concordance. In this work, wliich was 
meant to form one large folio volume, Mr. Gale had made 
confiderable progrefs; audit proniiled, according to Dr. 
Calamy, to be a much more complete and valuable per. 
formance than any then extant. The author, however, 
was.prevented from finiftilngit by his death, wliich took 
place in 1678, when in tiie fiftieth year of his age. Be¬ 
fides the works already mentioned, he was the author of 
Theopliily; or, a Dilcourfe of the Saints’ Amity with 
God in Clvrift, See. 8vo, 1671 ; The True Idea of Janlc- 
nifm, both Hiftoric and Dogmatic, 8vo. 1669 ; 1 he Ana¬ 
tomy of Infidelity, or an Explication of the Nature, 
Caufes, Aggravations, and Puniflinieiu of Unbelief, 8vo. 
1672 j The Life .of Mr. Thomas Tregoll'c, witli his Cha- 
I abler, 
