GAL 
t!ie parent of tliat abundance and fnbtlllty of divifionand 
complication wliicli fo long obfcured the reafoaings of 
phyficians, and made their whole .art rather the refult of 
logical inference from pre-conceived opinions, than of tlie 
invefiigation of caufesand efiedts as really exifling in na. 
tore. His works, Dr Temperamentis •, De piJfmiHih & 
Co.iifis Morborum •, and Methodus Medtndi ■, are among the moll 
conliderable of this clal's ; and that entitled De Loch AffeElis 
is very valuable in a pathological view. His works on diet, 
and on the choice and compofition of medicines, added 
much to the flock of knowledge then polfelTed on thofe 
fubjeCls. It would be aimofl endlefs to enumerate all 
the feparate pieces of this author, with their editions and 
the commentaries that have been made upon them. His 
wl'iole works have been feveral times publilhed in Latin 
ti imflations. The only complete edit ion in Greek and La¬ 
tin is that of Chartier, together with the works of Hippo¬ 
crates, in thirteen volumes folio, Paris, 1660, which, 
liovvever, is reckoned not to ow e much to the learning of 
the editor. The (lyle of Gakn is polite and eloquent, 
bur prolix and diffufe, and he frequently repeats himfelf 
in his works. He fliows himfelf well acquainted with 
philofophy and fcience in general, and deferves to be 
reckoned one of the mofl univerfal fcholars of antiquity. 
Modern improvements have now in a great meafure con- 
figned his writings to negledl; but his fame can only pe- 
rifh with the fcience itfelf. 
GA'LEN (Bernard-Chridopher Van), bifliop of Mun- 
fler, in whom we find a lingular indance of tlte union of 
the military with the epilcopal character. He was born 
in i6c.^),, of one of the principal familiesof Wellphalia. In 
Itis youth he followed the profeflion of arms, and for 
ibme time commanded a regiment in the I'ervice of the 
eledtorof Cologne. At length he obtitined a canonry in 
the cathedral of Munder, and afterwards the provolidiip 
of the fame. His uncle, who brought him up, expected 
to be chofen prince bilhop of that fee, but tlie nephew 
fupplanted him, and, in 1650, caufed the eleclion to fall 
upon hinifelf. The pope refufed to confirm it; but fucli 
was tire vigour of Bernard’s charadler, that he edablillied 
his authority, and canfed it to be refpedled by his neigh¬ 
bours. His attempt to introduce a garrifon of his own 
troops into Munder, occafioned a quarrel with that city, 
which he befieged ;ind furioufly bombarded : but the in- 
refpodtion of the United Provinces obliged him to enter 
into a compromife. He built, however, adi '. ng citadel in 
order to bridle it for the future. In 1664 he was chofen 
one of the diredlora of/he army of the empire againd the 
Turks; but a peace loon following put an end toanem- 
ph y fo congenial to his difpolition. The ill-will he bore 
the United States for their interlerence between him and 
his fubjeils, together witli a fuhlidy from Charles 11 . of 
England, induced him, in 1665, to take up arms againd 
the republic, and he made an irruption into Overylfel, 
and took feveral places ; but the interpolition of Prance 
obliged him to withdraw his forces and make peace. In 
1672 he joined the league betw een France and England 
•againd the United States, and took feveral places irom 
them and their ally the eleftor of Brandenburg ; but the 
imperial arms turned the fortune of war againd him, and 
he was obliged to fign another peace in 1674. In the next 
year he entered into an alliance with the king of Denmark 
agaii.d Sweden, from which power he made fome con- 
queds in Bremen and Verden. At length he peaceably 
terminated a'life which he had fpent in quarrels with his 
neighbours, and in maintaining the charadler of a brave 
and able commander, and enterprifing prince, but cer¬ 
tainly not of an exemplary chrillian bilhop. He died in 
1678, at the age of feveiiiy-four. 
GA'LEN, or Galien (Matthew), a learned catholic 
divine in the fixteenth century, born at Wed Capelle, in 
the illand of Walcheren, in the province of Zealand. He 
purfued his dudies at Douay, where he acquired much 
reputation as a preacher, and as a ledturer in theology. 
Afterwards he filled the chair of profelfor in that faculty 
GAL I7y 
at the univerfity of Dlllingen-, dining the fpace of three 
■ years. At the expiration of that period he was recalled 
to Donay, wliere he received the bonnet of doclor, and 
contributed by liis exertions to raife that univerfity to high 
credit in the catholic world. A fenfe of the obligations 
which by tliefe means he conferred on their city, induced 
the inhabitants 10 recommend him to the notice of 1 he king 
of Spain, who nominated him to the provoddiip of St. 
Peter’s; afterwards to that of St. Amatns; and finally 
appointe(| him chancellor of the univerfity. He died in 
1573. He was the author of feveral works, which are 
much elleemed for the erudition dilplayed in tliem. In 
this number are,- Commentarium de Chrijliano & Cathclico Sa- 
cerdote, De OriginilntS Monajlkis-, De Mijfis Sacrijicio 
De Su'culi neftri C/wreh, See. 
GA'LEN, a luilittiry towndiip of Ainerica, in the date 
of New.York, fituated on Canadaque creek : twelve 
miles nortIi-'\ed of the north end of Cayuga lake, and 
thirteen fouth by ead of Great Sodus. It is bounded louth. 
by Junius. 
GALE'NA,yi an ore ofor lead ; for which 
fee Mineralogy. 
GALEN'GAKRIF HARBOUR, a bay at the north¬ 
ern part of Bantry Bay, in the county of Cork in Ire¬ 
land. 
GALE'NIA, f. [So named by Linnaeus fiom the fa¬ 
mous pihylician Claudius Gaienus.j In botany, a genus 
of the clafs oftandria, order digynia, natural order I'lic- 
culentae, (atriplices, JuJf.) Tlie generic characters are 
—Calyx: perianth very linall, four-cleft, concave ; divi- 
fions oblong. Corolla : none. Stamina ; filaments 
eight, capillary, fcarcely the length of the calyx ; an- 
therae twin. Pidillum : germ roundilh j flyles two, 
fimple, reflex ; dignias flmple. Pericarplum : caplhle 
roundilh, two-celled : feeds two, oblong, angular.— Ef- 
fential CkaraEicr. Calyx four-cleft ; corolla none ; cap- 
fu!e roundilh, two-feeded. 
Species. i. Galenia Africans, uprighf or flirnbby 
galenia: erefl, Ihrubby ; leaves linear, flelhy. Stem 
four or five feet high, fending o\;t many weak branch¬ 
es; leaves very narrow, placed irregularly on every 
fide, of a ligl'it green, w ith a furrow running longitudi¬ 
nally through the middle; flowersfin Icofe panicles from 
the lidesand at the ends of the branches, very fmall, and 
making little appearance. It is a rullic fhrub, with the 
air ol Tetragonia, but all tlie parts minute, and the whole 
of it obfeurely ptipillofe or bladdery ; Item round, with a 
few reflex little brifties; leaves oppofite, felfiie, peren- 
nial ; flowers felhle, white, in a dichotomous panicle. 
Native of the Cape; fioweling from June to Augull. 
2. Galenia procumbens, or trailing galenia ; procum¬ 
bent ; leaves ovate cliannelled, patulous and recurved at 
the tip. Found at the Cape of Good Hope, by Thun- 
berg. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants will not live 
through the winter in the open air in England, but mult 
be placed in the green-ltoufe, or under a frame, with other 
haidy exotic plants, V7here they may have a large lhare 
of air in mild weather, for they only require to be protect¬ 
ed from froll. In the fummer they may be expofed in the 
open air, with other ydants of the fame country, and in 
dry weather they mult be frequently watered. They may¬ 
be propagated by cuttings, which if planted during any 
of the I'ummer months and watered frequently, will take 
root in five or fix weeks, and may then be treated as is 
directed for the old plants. 
GALEN'IC, or Galenical, adj. In medicine, was a 
method of treating difeafes, founded on the principles f 
Galen. It is alfo ufed as contradiltinguiflied from chemi¬ 
cal. The terms galenical and chemical were occafioned by a 
divifion of the practitioners of medicine into two leCts, 
which happened on the early introduction of chemillry 
into medicine. 
GALEOB'DOLON, y. in botany. See Galeopsis. 
GA'LENISTS, or Galenites, in ecclefialtical hillo.. 
3 ry» 
