GAL 
GAL 
5 SO 
ry, a branch of Mennonites, or Anabaptlfls, who adopt 
feveral of liie opinions of the Socinians, or Arians, touch¬ 
ing the divinity of our Saviour. In 1664 the Waterlan- 
dians were divided into two parties, of which the one 
were called Gaknijls, nnd the other j 4 pp[folians. They are 
thus called from their leader Abr. Galenus, a learned 
and eloquent phyfician of Amderdani, who confidered 
the Chriftian religion as a fyftem that laid much lefs ffrefs 
on faith than pratlice ; and who was for taking, into the 
communion of the Mennonites all thofe who acknowledg¬ 
ed the divine origin of tlie books of the Old and New 
Teftament, and led holy and virtuous lives. 
GAL'EON, or Galoo'n, y; SceG.aLLEON. 
G ALEOP'SIS. y; [from yxXr,, Gr. a cat, and 
afpeft ; the flowers gaping like the, open mouth of an ani¬ 
mal.] In botany, a genus of the clafs didynamia, order 
gymnofpermia, natural order verticillatre orlabiatae. The 
generic characfers are—Calyx. : perianth one-leafed, tu¬ 
bular, five-toothed, ending in awns the length of the 
tube, permanent. Corolla: monopetalouSj-ringent; tube, 
fhort; border gaping ; throat a little wider than the tube, 
at the length of the calyx above the bafe of the upper lip 
putting out on each fide an acuminate toothlet, concave 
underneath ; upper lip roundifii, concave, ferrate at the 
sip ; lovrer trifid, the lateral divifions roundifii, the mid¬ 
dle one larger, emarginate, notched. Stamina : filaments 
four, fubulate, concealed beneath tlie upper lip, two of 
them (hot ter; antherae roundifii, bifid. Piftillum: germ 
quadrifid ; fiyle filiform, length and fituation of the fia- 
mens ; fiigma bifid, acute. Pericarpium : none ; calyx 
flifl, firaighr, containing the feeds in the bottom : feeds 
four, three-fided, truncate.— EJfcntial CharaElcr. Corolla 
upper lip notched a little, vaulted; lower has two teeth 
above. 
Species, r. Galeopfis ladanum, red dead-nettle, or 
nettle bemp ; narrow.leaved allheal, or ironwort : inter- 
Kodes of the fi.em equal, whorls remote, calyxes not pun¬ 
gent; leaves linear-lanceolate, alnioll naked. Thefe 
have in general the (leni herbaceous, four-cornered ; 
leaves oppofite ; flowers in whorls. The firfi fpecies lias 
an upright ftem, a foot high, purplifli, fomewhat hairy 
or nearly fniootli, brachiate, the knots fcarcely fwoln ; 
leaves petioled, entire or (lightly and diftantly toothed, 
acuminate, naked or a little hairy, of a pale green colour ; 
about eighteen flowers in a whorl. It is frequent in corn 
field.s, ill a calcareous foil, flowering from June to Au- 
gufi. 
Monf. Villars has a fpecies, which he calls intermedia^ 
becaufe it feems to'be a connecling link between this and 
G. tetrahit; the calyx has no awns like this, but the 
flowers are only half the (ize of thofe of tetrahit, which 
are fmaller than thofe of ladanum ; the whole plant is vif- 
cid ; it is not ladanum fegetum of Rivinus, but it ap- 
jiroaches to it a little ; the fieni is from eight to ten inches 
high ; the branches lefs frequent than in ladanum ; the 
leaves oval, blunt, villofe and toothed ; the flowers red, 
feldom white, extending little beyond the calyx. 
2. Galeopfis villofa, hairy dead-nettle or nettle-hemp, 
or yellow ironwort : internodes equal, whorls remote, 
leaves lanceolate ferrate, viilofe. Root annua! branched ; 
fiem thicker, higher, and more branched, than the forego¬ 
ing, purplilh, obfeurely quadrangular, grooved and vil- 
lole ; leaves much broader, the ferratures more in num¬ 
ber and more regular, thofe next the root ovate, thofe on 
the ftem lanceolate, acuminate, villofe or filky, with 
ftraight veins ; whorls more and nearer to each other. 
This has very much the air of the foregoing, of which 
Linnaeus makes it only a variety ; it differs however in 
breadth, ferratures, veins, and hairinefs of the leaves, as 
well as in the colour of the flowers. Native of Germany, 
Swilferland, and England, as in fandy corn-fields of Cam- 
bridgelhire, Nottinghamftiire, Yorkfliire and Lancafliire, 
and about Rangor in Wales ; flowering in July and Au- 
guft. 
3. Galeopfis tetrahit, common or hemp-leaved dead- 
nettle : internodes tlilckened at top ; upper whorls al- 
nioft contiguous ; calyxes fomewhat pungent. Every 
part of tlie plant is rough witli very fliarp prickles, and 
has a ftrong fmell when bruiled. Grows in corn fields, 
and on the borders of them, on wafte grounds, in cojipice 
woods, &c. flowering'in July and Auguft. 
Tliere are feveral varieties, as, ( 3 . G. canabina : tbe flow¬ 
er large and elegant, above double the fize of tlie forego¬ 
ing, the corolla four times as long as the calyx, draw.co¬ 
loured, and the lower lip (potted with purple. Mailer, 
Miller, Pollich, and Krocker, make it a feparate fpecies; 
but the ftrudture of the wliole plant being the fame, Lin- 
nceiis will not allow it to be any thing more than a vari¬ 
ety ; all the piarts are much larger and fofter. Inliabits 
Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, &c. in Great Britain, in 
the northern counties, as about Keighley, Settle, &c. al. 
lo in Etfex, at the bottom of Ribtou lane, near Woodford, 
y. Corolla vvliite (lightly tinged with red, and the lip 
marked with yellow, nfing from a purple calyx ; joints of 
the ftem red ; leaves narrower, of a deeper green, and the 
whole-air dift'erent from the common lort. Mr. Dcody 
obferved this many years near the Neat-houfes, and in the 
way from thence to CheUea. 
Corolla white and very large ; oblerved by Merret 
along the ditches from Scrooby to Sherwood foreft, and 
by Mr. Law fim on the flcirts of Crols-b'ell and other 
ptlaces of V/eftmoreland and Cumberland. 
Villars ); .s a new fpecies, under the name of G. prof- 
trafe . He refers to Alerret, hut fays tliat the flowers are 
yellow ; its low, fimple, villofe, ftem, audits large flow, 
ers, feem to make it a diftindt fpecies, iii the opinion of 
Villars ; but it feems mucli difpofed to vary. 
Dr. Smitli obferved a remarkable variet) at Matlock in 
1788, with the terminating flowers a! ways regulai ly four- 
cleft and falver-flmped, with four equal ftamens, whilft 
all the reft had their proper form. 
4. Galeopfis galeobdolon, yellow dead-nettle, or net¬ 
tle.hemp : lix flowers in a whorl ; involucre of four 
leaves; (flowers (ix to twelve, with an involucre of as 
many leaves as flowers.) With refpeft to this fpecies 
there lias been a great diverfity of opinion. Halier makes 
it a cardiaca, Scopoli a Iconurus, and Crantz, a lamium, 
Mr. Hiidfon has created a new genus for it under the name 
of galeobdolon, in which he has been followed by Mr, Cur¬ 
tis and Mr. Rellian. Native of Sweden, Germany, Swif- 
ferland, Auftria, Carniola, Italy, Britain, See. In fome 
parts of the ifland frequent, as in Charlton, Hampftead, 
and fome other woods near London ; in Kent, Eftex, 
Cambridgefliire, Suffolk, Norfolk, Worcefterftiire, Staf. 
fordfiiire, Warwickfhire. It flowers in May and June. 
It is found witli variegated leaves, 
Propagatmi and Culture. All tlie fpecies, except the 
laft, being annual, muft be propagated from feeds, but 
being common weeds, are feldom cultivated in gardens ; 
though the firft variety of the third fpecies makes no bad 
appearance, and was therefore not unaptly named JpecioJa 
by Mr. Miller. As weeds among corn they are not very 
injurious, nor difficult of extirpation. The fourth fort 
is perennial, and may be propag-ated plentifully by the 
runners, which it throws out too abundantly. Wlien the 
foliage is variegated, it makes a beautiful appearance in 
a garden. This being a wood plant, fhould not be too 
much expofed to the fun. See L.aMiUM, NefetAj 
Phlomis, Spermacoce, and Stachys. 
GALE'OTl (Nicholas), an Italian Jefait, who died in 
1748. He is celebrated for a colledion of “Lives of the 
Generals of the Society of Jefus, with theii Portraits,’* 
folio, in Latin and Italian, publifiied at Rome in 1748, 
He was alfo the author of learned notes on the Mufaeum 
Odefealenm, in 2 vols. folio, which were publifiied at 
Rome after the author’s death, in 1751. 
GAL'ERA, a tow n of Spain, in the province of Gre¬ 
nada : five miles fouth-fouth-eaft ot Huefca. 
GAL'ERA, a town of Spain, in the province of Cata¬ 
lonia : five miles fouth-foiuh.v,ertof Tortofa. 
^ GALERAj 
