GAL 
GAL 
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GAL'ERA, a town of Italy, in tlie pa'.riniony of St. 
Peter, between Bracciano and Rome. 
GALE'RIA (Gnlfof), on the north-wen: coaR of the 
ifland of Corfica. Lat. 42. 27. N. Ion. 26. 30. E. Fetro. 
GALEKI'CULATE, adj. [from galen:s, Lat.] Co¬ 
vered as with a liat. 
GALERLCULUM, in antiquity, a cap worn both 
by men and women amongftthe Romans. It confided of 
fkin, which was fo neatly drelfed with human hair, that 
the artificial covering could witli difficulty be difiinguifli- 
ed from the natural. It was ufedby thofe whofeliair was 
thin ; and by vvreftlers, to prevent their antagonifts from 
pulling their hair. Tliis appears to have been the origin 
of wigs. 
' GALE'RIUS (C. Valerius Maximianus), a Roman 
emperor, native of Dacia j for whofe exploits fee the ar¬ 
ticle Rome. 
' GAL'ERON, a towm of the iff and of Celebes, cele¬ 
brated for its.fifiiery : five leagues from Macatfar. 
GALESPNI, iii Latin Galesinius (Peter), a na¬ 
tive ot Milan, where he exercifed the office of apoftoli- 
ca! prothonotary under popes Gregory XlII. and Six¬ 
tus V.. He underffood the learned languages, and was 
converfant in ecclefiaftical antiquities. He beffowed much 
labour on illuftrating and correfling the Roman Martyr- 
ology, giving it a new drefs, and adding to it a great 
number of hiftorical faffs. It was fivft publiffied at Mi- 
Jan, in 1577, under the patronage of St. Charles Borro- 
meo, with the title of A Martyrology adapted to the Ufe 
of the Church of Rome, for all the Days in the Year ; and 
the next year it was reprinted at Venice. Befides that 
work, Galefini publiffied; i. The Lives of the Saints 
that are mentioned in the Church of Milan, 1582. 2. 
Notes upon the Greek Text of the LXX, 1367. 3. A 
Commentary upon the Pentateuch, 1587. 4. A Treaiife 
concerning the Obclifk which Sixtus V. railed in 1386. 
5. ADifeourfe concerning the Tomb which Sixtus V. 
erefled to tlie Memory of Pius V. 6. A hiftory of tlie 
popes, entitled, Theatrinn Pontjicale, 7. Tranffations from 
the Greek into Latin of fome Difeourfes of St. Gregory 
NyiTen, and I'lieodoret. 8. The hiftories of Sulpitius 
Severus, and of Aimon of Halberffadt; and fome other 
pieces cf ancient authors. 
GALE'SUS, in ancient geography, a river of Calabria, 
flow ing into the bay of Tttrentum ; now Gahj'o. The po¬ 
ets have celebrated it for the ffiady groves in its neigh¬ 
bourhood, and the fine (heep which feed on its fertile 
banks, and whofe fleeces-were faid to be rendered loft 
when they bathed in the ffream. Martial. —The name alfo 
of a diffinguiffied perfon of Latium, killed as he attempt¬ 
ed to make a reconciliation between the Trojans and Ru- 
tulians, when Afeanius had killed the favourite flag of 
Tyrrheus: vvb.ich was tiie prelude of all the enmities be¬ 
tween thelioftile nations. Virgil. 
GA'LETS, an ifland at the eafl end of lake Ontario, 
and in the ftate of New-York : five miles fouth-wefiward 
of Roebuck ifland, five northerly of Point Gaverfe, and 
thirty one fouth-eaff of Point au Goelans. 
GALET'TE (La), a neck of land in the river of St. 
Lawrence, in Canada. From the point oppolite to I’lfle 
de Montreal, a road isprojedfed to Galette, foasto fave 
forty leagues of navigation, which the falls render almoft 
impradficable, and always very tedious. Tiie land about 
la Galette is very good ; and in two days time a barque 
may fail thence to Niagara, with a good wind. La Ga¬ 
lette is a league and a half above the fall called les Galois. 
GAL'G.^LA, or Galii.ea. See G.alilee. 
GAL'GON, a town of France, in the department of the 
Gironde, and chief place of a canton, in tlie diffridt of 
Libourne : five miles north of Libourne. 
GALHA'R.^, a town of Portugal, in the province of 
Beira : four leagues north-eaff of Coimbra. 
GA'LI POU'RI, an ifland of tlie Indian Sea. SeeEi.E- 
PHANTA. 
VoL. VIII. No. 494. 
GAI I.-\N'CON, adj. [from ya'Kue,, Gr. a weafel, and 
ctyy.iLV, theelbow.] Having one arm Ihorter than the other, 
or fliaped like the weafel. 
GALIA'NI (Ferdinand), an Italian abbe, born in 
1728, at Chieti, a town of Abruzzo, where bis hiilicr 
was afleiror of the royal court of iuffice. In his eighth, 
year he was taken under the protection of his uncle, 
Gajleffin Galiani archbiffiop of Tarento, and after receiv¬ 
ing the neceffary education, lie applied to the ftudy of the 
law along with his eldeff: brother Bernardo. A lUtirical 
piece, wiiich he wrote at the age of eighteen againfl: the 
academy Degli EmuU, who refuled to admit liim into their 
fociety, made him firft known as a writer ; and this was 
foon followed by bis principal work, in five books. On 
Money and Specie, which was publiffied in 1730. There 
are few works of this kind which difplay fo much order, 
precifion, and boldnefs of thouglit, and where the fubjedt 
is treated in fo clear and elegant language. The work 
was printed without tlie author’s name, and it remained 
for a confiderable time unknown. It was received with 
the greateff; approbation ; and when its fame was fully 
eftabliffied, he difeovered himfelf as the author, to tlie 
great joy of Iiis friends. He now obtained fom.e prefer¬ 
ment in the church; and made a tour through Italy, 
which procured him an acquaintance with the mofl: emi¬ 
nent men of lettersin that country. About the year 1735 
lie began to form acoliedlion of all tlie kinds of ffones 
found in tlie neighbourhood of Vefuvius. The fpeci- 
mens he colledted amounted to 141, and in 1772 hejiub- 
lifficd a treatife in which he gave an explanation of them, 
entitled Catalogo dclk Matcrie apparlcnenti al Vefuvio, con- 
tenute nel Mujio, con alcune brevi OJfcrvazicni, &c. Londra, 
1772. This'colledlion he tent to Pope Benedidb XIV. to¬ 
gether with the printed defeription ; and on one of the 
boxes he inferibed the following words ; “ BiatiJJmc Pa¬ 
ter, fac ut lapides ijli panesJiant." The holy father receiv¬ 
ed the prefent with great fatisfaftion, and in return gave 
Galiani the living of Canonica, at Amalphi, worth 400 
ducats per annum. As a member of the academy of Her¬ 
culaneum, the objefl of which was to make known and 
illuffrate the antiquities of Herculaneum, Pompei, and 
Stabia, be bad a ffiare in the well-known works on the 
antiquities of thefe and other deffroyed cities, and ex. 
plained a great many antique paintings which had been 
affigned to liim for that purpofe. On the death of his 
patron, pope Benedift XIV, in 1738, out of gratitude 
for the kindnel's received from him, he wrote his eulogy, 
in wliich he exerted the whole power of liis eloquence. 
In 1739 he was appointed fecretary to the French embaf. 
fy ; and it was at this period that his public career com¬ 
menced. During his reffderce in France, he did not 
negleft the ffudy of the belles-lettres. He began in Paris 
to write annotations on Horace, in which he examined the 
occafio-nand fubjeft of each poem, in order to enable the 
clalflcal reader to comprehend the allegories and obfeure 
allufions. Befides explaining many dark pafTages, he ar¬ 
ranged the poems in a new order according to time and 
place, and exhibited the progrefs which Hor.ice himfelf 
made in poetry, till he attained to a perfedtion, which has 
never fince, been imitated. He amended alfo many errors, 
which in the courfe of time had crept into the text ; and 
in his labour lie was greatly aflifled by the manufcripts in 
the king’s library. He next wrote-in the French, language 
a work on the corn trade, confiffing of eiglit dialogues. 
He undertook it in confequence of the great f'carcity of 
corn which had prevailed in France for many years, and 
which often occafioned not only a famine in the kingdom, 
but commotions and infurreefions. With a view to en- 
courage agriculture, the king, in 1764, permitted by an 
edift, the free exportation of corn from all the provinces 
of the kingdom. Galiani, in his work, endeavoured to 
ffievv that this edidl, and other regulations eftabliffied by 
the court, were the caul'es of the fcarcity, and of the nu¬ 
merous diforders which attended it. While h^ remained 
3 A at 
