182 
GAL 
at Paris he kept the work a feeret, for fear of Incnrring 
the refentinent of the nation ; but after his departure it 
appeared under the title of Dialogues fur le Commerce dcs 
Bleds ■, Londres, 1770-8; and excited a great deal of atten¬ 
tion in France. The means propofed by Galiani again!! 
theabufe of free exportation and monopoly found a great 
many parrifans among thofe who afcribed all the difbrders 
which had taken place to the government. The econo- 
mirts, on the other hand, adhered to their favourite opi¬ 
nions, and wiflied that tlteold fyftem might be continued. 
The abbe Morel let, wlio had obtained great confidera- 
tion among them, took up his pen to refute the Dia¬ 
logues; and all'the gazettes, journals, and other periodi¬ 
cal works of the day, teemed with articles which related 
to this literary difpute. But the court feemed inclined 
to favour the fyflem of Galiani; for it moderated the pro¬ 
hibitions before impofed, and forbade the abbe Moreilet, 
or any other perfon, to write again!! him. Soon after his 
return to Naples, the greateft men whom France at that 
time poflelTed entered into an epiflolary correfpondence 
with him : their letters form nine thick volumes in quar¬ 
to. He died loaded with honours and offices on the 30th 
of 06 !obcr, 1787, in the fifty-ninth year of his age. Be- 
fides the above-mentioned dommentary, he wrote alfo, in 
tliree books, A Treatife on the innate Propenfities or In¬ 
clinations of Men, or the Principles oj^' the Law of Nature 
and Nations, deduced from the Poems of Horace. In 
J779 he publiffied a book on the Neapolitan dialed!, in 
which he explains the grammatical rules of it, and afl'erts 
that the pronunciation of none of the other Italian dialedts 
is fo harmonious, fo cxpreffive, and fo agreeable to the 
inufes. Befides his labours in conjundtion with Zannoni, 
in conftrudting a Map of the kingdom of Naples on a large 
and improved fcale ; Galiani was employed alfo on an im¬ 
portant work On the natural Duties of Princes to other 
belligerent Powers, which made its appea,rance in 1782, 
and was tranflated into German, witli fome additions, by 
C. A. Ccefar. A life of Galiani, written by Louis Dio- 
dati, was publifiied at Naples in 1788. 
GAL'IBIS, or CiiARAiBES, a nation of Indians, inha¬ 
biting near New-Andaluli,', in Soutli America; from 
whicli'the Charaibes of the Well Indies are thought to be 
defeended. 
GALICA'NA, a town of Italy, in the republic of 
Lucca: thirteen miles north of I.ucca. 
GALl'CIA, a province of Spain, bounded on the 
north and weft by the fea, on the ea(t by Auftria and Le¬ 
on, and on the fouth by Portugal, from which it is fepa- 
rated by the river Minho. The foil in general isuitequal 
and mountainous, w it It fome fmall plains on the fea coall. 
There are fome excellent ports, neverthelefs it has but 
little commerce. Induflry is not excited, and the Gali¬ 
cian is rather laborious than ad!ive. The air in general 
ismoifl; temper.ite on tire coafls;-colder inland. The 
inhabitants fow but little wheat, plant many vineyards 
and fruit trees, and cultivate rye and flax. The feacoafis 
abound witli fiih, particularly fardines, anchovies, fal- 
mon, and a peculiar fpecies which the fithermen call 
ieziigos. The forefls fupply good fltip timber. In the 
mountains are found mines of gold, copper, iron, lead, 
and vermilion. It has likewife fome excellent paltures. 
It contains fixty-four cities and towns, but few confider- 
able ones, 3242 parilhes, 242,264 families, 12,637 religi¬ 
ous, eleven catliedrals, thirty-four hofpitals, fourteen 
colleges, feverity.nine convents of men, and twenty-four 
of women. The inlrabitants are conftant and courage¬ 
ous : poverty compels great numbers of them to feek a 
living in the neighbouring provinces, where they hire 
themlelves to the niofl (ervile and laborious employments, 
for which tliey aredefpiled by the other Spaniards. Ga¬ 
licia was anciently a kingdom, under the Suevi, the Vi- 
ligoths, and Moors. In 1037, it was united to the king¬ 
dom of Caftile. The principal towns are Corunna, and 
Compoftella, or St. jaques de Compoftella. The prin- 
G A L 
cipal rivers are the LLla, Tambra, M.m£eo, and 
Lours. 
GALl'CIA (New). See GtrADALAJAR.-\. 
GALl'CIA, a name given to a part of Pol.ml, feized 
on by the lioufe of Auftria, heretofore a part of lied 
RulTia, and palatinate of Lemberg, feparated from Hujt, 
gary by the Carpaihian mountains, about 280 miles in 
length, and from fixty to one hundred in bread'll. Lenu. 
berg, or Leopol, is the capital. It is watered by tltp 
Dniefler, the San, and fevcral other rivers. 
GALIGNA'NA, a town of Venetian Illria : fourteea 
miles north-eafi of Rovigno. 
GAL'ILEE (Land of), one of the principal divifionsof 
Palelline, fituated in the north of that country ; bounded 
on the north by Syria; on the cafl by Bathan, the river 
Jordan, and the Sea of Galilee; on the lou.th by Santas 
ria ; and on the we!! by tiie Mediterranean : containing, 
within thefe limits, the provinces of the tribes of Aflve'i', 
Naplitali, part of Dan, Zeltuloii, and IfFachar ; the three 
former were detiominated Upper, and the two latter 
Lower, Galilee. 
It was known by this name even in the days of Jortiua 
the fuccelfor of Mofes. JoJh. xx. 7. xxi. 32. We read of 
Solomon’s giving Hiram twenty cities thereof in return for 
his fervice in building the temple, &c. but as they did 
not give fatisfaOion to Hiram, they were probably tlic 
fume cities he reflored to Solomon ; i Kings, ix. ii, 12. 
aChron. viii. 2. After the defedtion of the.ten tribes frorn 
the Itoufe of David, it formed a part of the kingdom of 
Ifrael, and continued fnch until the total cojiquelt of tliat 
kingdom by Tiglath-pilefer, king of Aflyria, in confe- 
quence of their idolatry. 1 Kings, xv. 29. xvii. 6. xviii.n. 
I Chron. V. 26. In the Maccabean wars Galilee is fre. 
qiiently introduced, (not only by its general name, but al¬ 
fo by tliat of Galgala or Galilea. 1 Macc. ix...2.) many of 
their buttles being fouglu in various parts of it. i Macc. 
V.21. In the time of our Saviour it was governed by 
Kerod the tetrarch, and it is on account of the Saviour’s 
rcfidence here, that Galilee principally claims our atten. 
tion; the particular circnmflances of w'ltieli are Uiily de¬ 
tailed in the writings of the four evangeliils, to which we 
refer the reader. 
G AL'I LEE (Sea of, or Lak« of Genxesareth), a lake 
of Palcfiine, fituated between the land of Galilee and 
that of Geimefareih, from which circumllance it derived 
both thole names : it was alfo called the Sea of Tiberias, 
probably in honour of that prince, and is tite Sea of 
Chinnereth of the Old Teftament; alfo Genne.lfar Water, 
j Macc, xi. 67. The river Jordan paffes through it in its 
coiirfe towards the Dead Sea ; it is memorable for the 
miracles wrought upon it by the Saviour. Num!>.-x.\x\v. n. 
Matth. viii. 26. Luke, v. 1-6, 7. John, vi. 1-19. xxi. 6. 
GALI LE'I (Galileo), a moft eminent pliilofojiher, ma¬ 
thematician, and aftronomer, the fon of a Florentine 
nobleman, born at Pifa in 1564. The e.trliell fnbieiTs 
of i)is ftudies were poetry, mulic, and drawing ; but his 
genius foon led him to the cultivation of fublimer feien- 
ces, by his proficiency in wliich lie has immortalifed his 
name. His father was defirous of educating him as a 
phyfician ; and with this view he entered him as a Undent 
in philofophy and medicine at the imiverfity of Pifa j but 
Galileo became foon dilfatisfied with theobfeurity of the 
Ariftoteli.m fyftem, then taught in the fchools, a.nd con¬ 
ceived an unconquerable diflike to medical purfuits. He 
therefore betook himfelf to the ftudy of the mathematics, 
and, without the afliftance of a tutor, m.ade a rapid pro- 
grefs in thole fciences, commencing with Euclid, and.af¬ 
terwards making himfelf mafter of the works of Archime¬ 
des, and of other ancient mathematicians. When his fa¬ 
ther perceived that his improvement indicated uticomrnon 
talents for mathematical difquifitions, lie prudently fuf- 
fered him to follow the natural bias of his mind without 
reftraint. So great was the reputation that he acquired as 
a mathematician, that in 1589 the duke of Tulcany ap¬ 
pointed 
