GAL 
coaft of Terra Firma ; belonging to Spain. Tiiey lie be¬ 
tween 3° N. and 4° S. lat. and between 83° 40' and 89” 
30'W. Ion. There are only nine of them of any conii- 
derable f] 7 .e ; fome of which are feven or eight leagues 
long, and three or four broad. Dampier faw fourteen or 
fifteen of them. The chief of thefe are, Norfolk nearelt 
the continent, Wenmore among the north weflernmof}, and 
Albemarle the wefternmoft: of all. A number of fmall 
iflandslie weft from thefe, on both Tides the equator 5 one of 
wliich, Gallego I. lies in the ift degree of N. lat. and 102° 
of W. Ion. Many of thefe illcs are well wooded, and 
fome have a deep black mould. Vaft quantities of the 
fineft turtle are to be found among thefe iftands,. where 
they live the greateft part of the year; yet they are faid 
to go from thence over to the main to lay their eggs, 
which is at lead one hundred leagues diftant. 
GALIPE'A,/I in botany, a genus of the clafs dian- 
dria, order monogynia. The generic characters are—-Calyx ; 
four or five-fided, four or five-toothed. Corolla : fal- 
ver-fhaped, deeply four or five-parted. Stamina : four, 
two of them barren. 
Galipea trifoliata, a Tingle fpecies; it is a ftirub fix 
feet high ; leaves alternate, in threes; leaflets feflile, lan¬ 
ceolate, entire ; flowers fmall, in a terminal, few-flower¬ 
ed, cyme. Inhabits Guiana, on the banks of rivers. 
GAI-ISTE'O, a town of Spain, in Eftremadura: ten 
miles eaft of Coria. 
GA'LITSCH, a town of Ruftia, in the government of 
Koftrom, on the fouth fide of a lake to which it gives 
name ; fifty-fix miles eaft-north-eafl: of Koftrom. Lat. 
57. 56. N. Ion. 60.40. E. Ferro. 
GA'LITSCH, a lake of Ruftia, about fifty miles in 
circumference, in the government of Koftrom : fifty miles 
from St. Koftrom. 
GA'LlUMjy. [from yaXa, Gr. milk, fome fpecies 
liaving the property of curdling milk.] Ladies Bed- 
straw ; in botany, a genus of the clafs tetrandria, order 
monogynia, natural order ftellatae, (rubiacete,/ty.j The 
genericcharaftersare—Calyx: perianth very fmall, four¬ 
toothed, fuperior; in fome fpecies none. Corolla: one- 
petalled, wheel-ftiaped, four-parted, fharp, without any 
tube. Stamina : filaments four, fubulate, fliorter than 
the corolla ; antherae fimple. Piftillum : germ twin, in- 
ferior; ftyle filiform, half-two-cleft, length of the fta- 
mens; ftigmas globular. Pericarpium : berries two, 
dry, globular, united : feeds folitary, kidney-form, large, 
^EJfentiid CharaSler. Corolla one-petalled, flat, feeds two, 
roundifh. 
Species. I. a fmooth fruit, i. Galium rubioides, 
or niadder-leaved ladies bedftraw : leaves in fours, lance¬ 
olate-ovate, equal, fcabrous underneath; ftem eredf. 
This has the appearance of G. boreale, but the leaves are 
double the breadth, with the nerves three in number, and 
fcabrous underneath ; the ftem firm and upright, a foot 
high and more, flender, fweliing at the joints, purplifh 
brown, rough when rubbed from the bottom upwards. 
Native of the Palatinate, Silefia, Idria, &c. flowering in 
July; perennial. 
2. Galium paluftre, or white ladies bedftraw : leaves 
in fours, obovate, unequal; Items diffufed. Root (lender, 
creeping, perennial; ftem flaccid, branched from the 
joints, a foot or more in length, the corners fet with fharp 
hooked prickles, pointing downwards; flowers nume¬ 
rous, white, on lateral and terminating peduncles, which 
are ufually trifid, and fubdivided. Common on the banks 
of rivers and ditches, and in moift meadows 5 flowering 
in July. 
Dr. Withering hasobferved a dwarf variety, fimilar to 
the foregoing, but fcarcely a foot in length ; refembling 
the figure of G. trifidum in the Hora Danica, but readily 
diftinguifhable by the corolla of four divifions, and the 
divided peduncles. 
Dr. Withering has alfo obferved another variety, re- 
fembling the paluftre, except that the leaves grow in fixes, 
VoL. VIII. No. 494. 
GAL 185 
It is not unlikely but it may turn out to be a diftindl 
fpecies. 
3. Galium trifidum, or trifid galium : leaves in fours, 
linear; ftem procumbent, fcabroijs; corollas trifid. 
Root annual, very fmall and (lender ; ftem flender, bent 
back, ftiffifti, hairy, very much branched from the bot¬ 
tom almoft to the top; the branches three or four toge¬ 
ther, divaricate. Native of Denmark, Silefia, Canada ; 
flowers in July. 
4. Galium montanum, or mountain ladies bedftraw ; 
leaves in fours, or thereabouts, linear, fmooth, and even ; 
ftem weak, fcabrous. Stature between G. molliigo and 
glaucum ; ftem weak, rough ; leaves in fives on the ftem, 
reflex fublinear ; on the branches in fours ; flowers iit 
trifid corymbs, white, purplifh on the outfide betbre they 
expand. According to Haller, the leaves are in eights; 
Pollich makes tltem eight on the ftem, and fix on the 
branches; Krocker, five to eight on the ftem, and four to 
fix on the branches. Haller deferibes the ftem to be 
three feet high, round, firm, upright, fweliing under the 
leaves, not much branched ; leaves narrow, hollow and 
glaucous underneath, ending in a ftiort awn, (harper to¬ 
wards the top of the ftem; ovate-lanceolate, and fmaller 
under the flowers. Pollich adds, that the ftem is very 
fmooth, glaucous-green, and fays that it is divided into 
many branches; that the leaves are hardifti, a little roll¬ 
ed back on the edge, fmooth and glaucous above, fca¬ 
brous, whiti(I), and grooved, beneath. The root, ac. 
cording to Krocker, is reddifh ; the ftem eighteen inches 
high, fcabrous, branched very fmooth, glaucous, up¬ 
right, obfeurely four-cornered. Thefe deferipfions do 
not perfectly agree; and after all, Gouan is of opinion 
that this and the glaucum are but one fpecies. Native of 
Germany and Swifterland. 
5. Galium procurnbens, or trailing ladies bedftraw; 
leaves on the flowering ftem in fixes, lanceolate and 
(lightly Iiairy ; the reft generally in fours, obovate ; ftem 
proftrate, fmooth. Diftinguifhable from G. paluftre 
(fays Ray) by its fmallnefs, fmoothnefs of its ftems and 
leaves, and place of growth, namely on hills; perennial ; 
ftems and branches matted together, and fpreading on the 
ground ; flowering ftem from two to fix inches high, 
twifted, appearing cylindrical to the naked eye, but when 
magnified to have four rounded corners ; leaves often in 
fours at the bottom of the ftem, five about the middle, 
and fix at the top, unequal in fize in the fame whorl, 
fometimes obovate-lanceolate, the edges befet with mi¬ 
nute prickly hairs pointing towards the end, the keel 
fmooth ; thofe of the branches fometimes in fives. Light, 
foot takes this to be,only a variety of G. uliginofum, 
growing in dry and mountainous paftiires; but Dr. 
Stokes has found it to be the fame in marflies as on liills. 
Found on heaths and mountains, alfo in marfliy places j 
in Dudley wood ; it flowers from June to Auguft. 
6. Galium lucidam, or tranfparent ladies bedftraw ; 
leaves four to fix, rigid, fubulate, bowed upwards; flow, 
ers panicled terminating ; larger than tjie fruit, which is 
wrinkled. Perennial 5 ftem very much branched next 
the root; the whole plant fhining ; leaves in fixes, then 
fives orfours, half round, fubulate, fonjewhat fcabrous 
about the edge, but hardly to be known by the touch, 
bowed upwards; flowers in a terminating panicle ; corol. 
la white, larger than the fruit, which is oblong-ovate, 
bowed in, black and wrinkled. Native of the county of 
Nice, See. in dry places; alfo probably in Dauphine. 
7. Galium tinftorium, or dyeing ladies bedftraw t 
leaves on the ft^m in fixes and linear, on the branches in 
fours; ftem flaccid, one or two flowers on a peduncle. 
This abounds in the woods of Canada; the roots are em. 
ployed by the Indians in dying the quills of the Ameri¬ 
can porcupines red. The French women there fometimes 
dye their clothes with thefe roofs, which are but fmall, 
like thofe of G. luteum, ' Neither air, luo, nor water, 
change the colour. 
8. Ga- 
