GAM 
CAMA'CHES (Philip de), a learned Fichcli divide 
?nd profeflbr, born in 1568. He received the degree of 
dodrlor from the faculty of the Sorbonne, in 1598, and 
was appointed profcHbr of theology in the univeifity of 
Paris during the following year. After having difeharged 
the duties of his office for twenty-five years, witli the re¬ 
putation of being one of the moll able divines of his time, 
he died in 1625, at fifty-feven years of age. He was a 
zealous and able fupporterof Edmund Richer, in tlie op- 
pofition which he made to the encroachments of tlie pa¬ 
pal power on the liberties of the Gallican church. His 
■ Commentaries on tlie Sunma Theolo^iie of Aquinas, printed 
at Paris in 1625, in two volumes folio, are held in much 
eftimation. 
GAMA'CHES (Stephen.Simon), a French ecclefiaflic, 
born at Meulan about the year 1672. He became one of 
the canons of the holy crofstfe la Bretonnicre, and acquired 
fuch reputation by his proficiency in fcience and litera- 
ture, that he was chofen an early member of the French 
academy of fciences. He died in 1756, in the eighty- 
fourth year of his age. He was the author of Phyfical 
Aflronomy, &c. 1740, in two volumes 4to. Literary and 
Philofophical Dilfercations, 1755, 8vo. the Syftem of a 
Chriftian Philofopher, 1721,8vo. the Syftem of the Heart, 
1708, i2mo. publiffied under the alfumed name of Cla- 
rigny ; and the Elegancies of Language reduced to their 
Principles, 1757, lamo. This work has obtained confi- 
derable reputation, and has been denominated, “ a didti- 
onary of fine thoughts.” It is recommended as worthy 
of the perufal of every perfon who vvifhes to write well. 
GAMA'LIEL, [of a reward, and '5S! Heb. God, 
i. e. God’s reward.] A Jewifh rabbi, tutor to St. Paul. 
GAMA'ZE, a town of Egypt; twelve miles north of 
Atfieh. 
GAhT'BACH, a town of Germany, in the circle of the 
Upper Rhine, and principality of Solms Braunfels : two 
miles well of Munzenberg. 
GAMBAl'S, a town of France, in the department of 
the Seine and Oife : one league eaft of Houdan. 
G AMB A'LA, or Gamboulo, a towm of Italy, in tlie 
Milanefe : two miles from Vigevano. 
GAMB ALOO'K,/. A riding gown worn in the eaftern 
parts. 
GAMBA'RA, a town of Italy, in the BrefiTan; eigh¬ 
teen miles fouth of Brefcia. 
GAMBA'RA (Lorenzo), a Latin poet, born at Brefcia 
in 1496. He acquired confiderable reputation, and is 
mentioned with honour by Maniitius, Lipfius, Gyraldus, 
and others. His works, of which feveral editions have 
been given, confift of fmaller and larger pieces. Of the 
latter the mofl: known is his Columbus, written at the in- 
fiigation of cardinal Granvelle, It is a poem in fourcan- 
tos, the fubjedt of which is the difeovery of America by 
Columbus. Others of his piecesare deferiptive, as his Ve- 
netiae, and Caprarola. He died at the age of ninety, in 1586. 
GAMBA'RA (Veronica), an Italian lady of poetical 
fame, daughter of count Gianfrancefco Gambara, born at 
Brefcia in 1485. She received a liberal education, and 
was particularly aided in her literary purfuits by cardinal 
Bembo, wim formed her tafie, and directed her in the 
rules of Italian.verfe. In 1509 ffie married Giberto the 
lord of Corregio, with whom (he lived nine years. After 
his death ffie devoted herfelf to the education of her two 
fons, and to the compofition of thofe works which have 
perpetuated her memory. When her brother Uberto 
was made governor of Bologna in 1528, ffie fixed her re- 
fidence in that city ; and at the time of the coronation of 
the emperor Charles V. her houfe was the refort of a 
number of the mod diftinguiffied geniufes in Europe who 
followed his court. She afterwards returned to Corre¬ 
gio, where ffie died in 1550. Her poems were firlt pub¬ 
liffied in vaiious colledtions; but a complete edition of 
»hcm, with her letters, was printed at Brefcia in 1759. 
They certainly rank with the mod elegant and poliffied 
produftions of the time. 
VoL. VIII. No. 495. 
G A M 1 s)» 
GAMBA'RE, a village, near Venice, with a parochitil 
clairth, (ituated nearly four miles aitd a halt from it, to 
the parKh ot which tiie v\hcle difiiict belongs. It has a 
fine market-place (ituated ontl'iC Brenta,and is furroundtd 
with elegant country.feats. A chapel dands now on the 
ruins of the formerly celebrated abbey of Benedicl inC 
monks, called St. Ellero or Ilaiio, vvliich wasdedroyed in 
the thirteenth century by Ezzelin. 
GAMBA'RO, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Pia¬ 
cenza ; twenty-four miles fouih of Piacenza. 
GAMBAS'CA, atownofPied iv.ont, in the murquifate 
of Saliizzo, on a fmall river which runs into the Po ; fi.v 
miles wed of Saluzzo. 
G AMBE'Rl A, or G.^M'BRiA,y. A military boot or de¬ 
fence for the legs. 
GAM'BEYSON, /! [_gambezcnwn, Lat,] A lioiTeman’s 
coat ufed anciently in war, which covered the legs : or 
rather a quilled coat, cento, vcJiimeTitnm cx coaclili lana con~ 
feclum, to put under the armour, to make it fit eafy. 
FLua, lib. i. c. 24. 
G.AM'BIA, a country of Africa, which takes its,name 
from the river which pades througli it; ceded to the Eng- 
li!h by the peace of 1783. 
GAM'BIA, Gambra, or Gamba, a celebrated river 
ot Africa, which takes its rife from a vad chain of moun¬ 
tains, in N. hit. 11° (w hjch were obferved by Mr. Park 
to pafs acrofs tliat continent,) and einp.ties ilfelf into the 
foutii Atlantic ocean ; being navigable for Hoops and fnial I 
craft, iormore than two hundred leagues up the country. 
The earlied European edabliffiment known to have been 
formed on this celebrated river, was a factory of the Portu- 
guefe ; and to this mud be aferibed the introduction of the 
numerous words of that language which are now in uie 
among the Foulahs and Mandiiigoes, who chiefly inhabit 
the townsand villages on its banks. The Dutch, French, 
and Etiglifli, afterwards fuCceflively poircdVd themfelvcs 
of fetilements on the coad ; though the trade of the Gam¬ 
bia became, and continued for many years, a fort of mo- 
noply in the hands of the Englidi. Iti the travels of 
F'rancis Moore, is preferved an account of the Royal Afri¬ 
can company’s edabiifliments on this river, as early as 
1730, at which time J.unes’s faCtory alone confided of a 
governor, deputy governor, and two other principal of¬ 
ficers ; eight faftors, thirteen writers, twenty inferior at¬ 
tendants and tradefmen ; a company of foldiers, and thir¬ 
ty-two negro fervants, befides fioop.s, diallops, and boats, 
with their crews ; and there were no lefs than eight lub- 
ordinate faCfories in other parts of the river. But its trade 
with Flurope, by being afterwards laid open, was aimed 
annihilated; infomucii that the diare which the fuhjeCts 
of England at tliis time hold in it, fupports not more 1 haii 
two or three annual (hips; and the grofs value of Britifli 
exports is faid to be under twenty thoufand pounds. The 
French and Danes dill maintain a fmall (hare, and the 
Americans have lately lent fome veffels to the Gambia 
by way of experiment. Th.e commodiiies exported to 
the Gambia from Europe confid chiefly of fire-arms :ind 
ammunition, iron-ware, fpirituous liquors, tobacco, cot- 
ton caps, a fmall quantity of broad cloth, and a few ar¬ 
ticles of the maniifaClure of Manchefier; a fmall a/lbrt- 
ment of India goods, with fome glafs beads, amber, and 
other trifles: for which has been ufually taken in ex¬ 
change (laves, gold-dud, ivory, bees-wax, and hides. 
Slaves for a long time condituted the chief article of 
traffic on the Gambia, for which reafon the Moors and 
Arabscall it AW Abeed, the River of Slaves, butthe abo¬ 
riginal negroescall it Neel Kibbecr, the Great River. 
Mr. Park eroded in his way fix different dreams that 
fall into the Ganibia from the nortli-ead. Among thefe 
the principal one is the Nerico, which flows from the 
quarter of Bondou ; and is reckoned the eaflern boundary 
ofa traiflwliich the Africans of this region dyle the Coun¬ 
try of the Wed, expreffed by that of t he fetting fun. T-his 
tr^cf is on a lower level than that to the ead ; is flat, and ' 
the foil compofed of clay and (and. The Gambia has a 
3 E lni«ll 
