534 
G A 
(formerly Pevenfey), Arundel, Abergavenny, Boloine, 
Berkhamftead, Beaulieu, Barnard’s Cafile, Bulling- 
broke, Barnftable, Bononia, Brecknock, Braraber, Bed¬ 
ford, Clare, Crevecure, Clun, Chriflchurch, Cocker- 
mouth, Connayls, Candicut, Carifbrook, Clifford caftle, 
Chefter, Carmarthen, and Cardigan, Donnington callle, 
(by flat. 37 Hen. VIII. c. i8.)—Dudley, and Dover 
caftle, Eye, and Egremond.—The honour of Eaft and 
Weft Greenwich, Glamorgan, Glocefter, Grentmefnil, 
Gower, Grafton, (by flat. 33 Hen. VIII. c. 38.)—Ha- 
ganet, Hampton court, (by flat. 31 Hen. VIII. c. 5,) 
—^Huntingdon in Herefordfhire, Heveningham, Hawen- 
den-caftle, Hertford, and Halton, Lancafler, Lincoln, 
Leicefter, Lovetot, Hinckley, Kingfton upon Hull, (by 
flat. 37 Hen. VIII. c. 18.)—Kington, and Eolkingham. 
—'I he honour of Montgomery, Mowbray, Middleham, 
and Maidftone, Nottingham, Newelhn orNewelme, Oak- 
hampton, St. Ofith, (by flat. 37 Hen. VIII. c. 18.)— 
Oxford.—The honour of Plimpton, Peverel; Pickering, 
Raleigh, Richard’s caftle, Skipton, Stafford, Strigul, 
Tickhil, Tremanton, Totnefs, Theony, Tamworth.— 
The honour of Wigmorc, Wallingford,Weftminfter, (by 
flat. 37 Hen. VIII. c. 18.)—Windfor, Wormgay, Whir- 
welton in Yorkftiirc, V/erk, Whitchurch, and War¬ 
wick, Webley, andTutbury.—At this day the earl of 
Arundel only hath his honour and earldom by prefcrip- 
tion, the beginning of which is not within the memory 
of any one, fo that liis earldom is the moft ancient in the 
realm, i Buljl. 196.—Each of thefe lionours are main¬ 
tained and kept up by a court, fimilarto thofe of a ma¬ 
nor, over many of which however they claim leigni- 
ority.—See Spdmanxn v. Honor. 
The next and laft franchife by which a right of killing 
game is infilled upon, is called a M.^n o it, or Lo rdship . 
Thefe, fays Blackftone, are as ancient as the Saxon con- 
ftitution, though perhaps differing in fome immaterial 
circumftances from thofe that ^exift at this day. Co. 
Cop. 2. 10. It isfaid to have been named wfflnor, from the 
Erench manoir, habitatio-, or rather manendo, an abiding 
place; it being a noble fort of fee granted for the refi- 
dence or domain of a lord, with jurifdiBion over his tenants 
for their farms. This fee was of old termed a barony, 
from whence the court, which is appendant to the ma¬ 
nor, is called the Coiirt-baron.Ste Sheene de verb Signif. 
■—and the article Court Baron, vol. v. p. 298. 
Concerning the original fetting out of manors, it feems 
to be generally admitted that in the beginning, there was 
a circuit of ground, granted by the king to I'ome baron 
or man of worth, for him and his heirs to dwell upon, 
and to exercife jurifdidtion more or lefs within that com- 
pafs, as he thought good to grant ; performing fuch 
fervices, and paying fuch yearly rent for the fame, as the 
king by his grant required; and that afterwards this 
great man parcelled his land to other meaner men, en¬ 
joining tliem fuch I'ervices and rents as he thought good, 
and fo, as he became tenant to the king, the inferiors 
became tenants to him. Perkin's Refervations, 670: Horne’s 
Mirror of fufices, lib. i. cap. de Roy Alfred-, Fulbeck, 18. 
But in .hel'e days, a manor as often ftgnilies the jurifdic- 
tion and royalty incorporeal, as the land or fite. For a 
man may iuive a manor in grofs, that is, the right and 
intereft of a court-baron, with the per.quilites thereunto 
belonging, and another, or others, have every foot of 
the land. Kitchen, fol. 4. . At this day a manor cannot 
be made, becaufe a court-baron cannot now be made, 
and a manor cannot be without a court-baron, and I'uitors 
or freeholders, two at the leaft ; for if all the freeholds 
e.xcept one el'cheat to the lord, his manor is gone caufd 
qudjupra, although incommon fpeech it may be lo call¬ 
ed. Cowell. Co. Lit. 58, 108 ; Lit. 73 : 2 Rol. Abr. 121. 
A manor may contain one or more villages or hamlets ; 
or only great part of a village, &c. And there are capi¬ 
tal manors wliich have other manors under tliem, the 
lords whereof perform curtoins and lervices to the I'upe- 
rioiTords. 2 A/L 67; 2 Rol. Abr, tz. There may be alfo 
M E. 
cuftomary manors, granted by copy of court-roll, and 
held of other manors. 4. Rep. z6: 11 Rep. ij. But ftlll 
it cannot be a manor in law, if it wanteth freehold te¬ 
nants; nor be a cuftomary manor, without copyhold te¬ 
nants. ilnf.^i-. Litt-]2- z Rol. Abr. 121. The tenemen¬ 
tal lands of ancient manors were, from the different 
modes of tenure, diftinguiflred by two different names. 
Firft, book-land, or charter-land, which was held by deed 
under certain rents and free-fervices, and in effedt differ¬ 
ed nothingfrom free focage lands. Co. Cop. 2- And from 
hence have arifen moft of the freehold tenants who hold 
of particular manors, and owe fuit and fervice to the 
lord. The other fpecies was called folk-land, which 
was held at firft by no alfurance in wudting, but diftri- 
buted among the common folk, or people, at the plea- 
fure of the lord, and refumed at his diferetion : hence 
came the copyholders. The refidue of the manor beino- 
uncultivated, was termed the lord’s wafte. And it is ciu 
rious to obferve, that the ancient nobility, from pride, 
or the affedfation of dilplaying a princely domain, 
were every where fond of having around them a v .ft ex¬ 
tent of fuch wafe territory. “ Una ex parte a Siie\-’s 
circiter millia palfuum DC agri r/acar^ dicuntur.” C(C- 
far, de Bell. Gall. lib. 4. c. 2. “ Civitatibus ma.xima laus 
eft quain latiilimas circuin fe vaftatis finibus folitudincs- 
habere.” Id. lib. 6. c. 22. “ Bella cum fiaitimis’geriint, 
ut quae circa ipfos jacent vafailiit.” Mela, lib. 3. It is 
remarkable alfo, that after land came to be connedled 
with individuals, every great baron and chief lord dif- 
tributed portions of their poirefiions to their followers ; 
and they again even affedted wajlcs of this kind, which 
often created a manor within a manor ; Over which the 
original poii'eflbr ftill claimed his authority as lord para¬ 
mount, which was fectired to liim by the cuftomary ho¬ 
mage at his court, and by fine or fee. Befides this mode 
of parcelling out a domain, the lord of a manor, after 
having affigned a tradl of ground for the maintenance of 
his houfeand hofpitality, gavq,other divifions to his vak. 
fills and tenants, for the fupport of his political great— 
nefs; and thele purpofes being anfwered, a large pro¬ 
portion of territory often remained wholly unemployed 
by him. This wafe domain gave an idea of the extent of 
his power, and ferved to excite, in ftrangers, a fenti- 
ment of admiration of his .extenfive riches and princely 
authority. On this tradf of land, the inhabitants of the 
diftridt, connedled with his caftle, were indulged in feed¬ 
ing their cattle, till, in the courfe of time, he almo.ft 
loft all connedtion wdth it himfelf, while his tenants and 
vaffals, from the conltant and, undifturbed ufe of it, at 
length afterted a preferiptive right over it. Flence arofe 
common of pafure, and commons in general. On thefe 
therefore, qualifiedperfons are apt to imagine they have 
an autliority to Ihoot and hunt ; but it is not fo : they 
are equally as liable to adlions of trefpafs for fporting 
on wafte lands and commons, after forbiddance by no¬ 
tice in writing,, as upon inclofed lands, or in private, 
grounds. 
In imitation of the grants above-mentioned, the inferior 
lords began to carve out and. grant to otiiers ftill more 
minute eftates, to be holden of themfelves ; wlience 
came manor farms and they were fo proceeding down¬ 
wards in infinitum, till the fiiperior lords obferved, that 
by. this method of fubinfeudation they loft ail their feu¬ 
dal profits of wardihips and efeheats, wltich fell into the 
hands of thefe mefne or middle lords, who were the im¬ 
mediate fuperiors of x]:iC.terre-tenant, or him who occupi¬ 
ed the land ;, and alio that the meihe lords themlelves 
were fo impqveriihed thereby,, that they were difabled 
from performing their, fervices to their ov/n fuperiors. 
This occafioned, firft, that provifion inthe32dcap. of 
Magna Charta, 9 Hen. III. (which is not to be found in 
the firft charter granted by that prince, nor in the great 
charter of king Jolin ;) that no man ihould either give 
or fell his land, without reiei ving fufficient to anlwcr 
the demands of his lord; and afterwards the Hat. of 
Weftiin; 
