GAN 
A inort^cation ; a ftappage of circulation followed by 
putrefaction.—If thefubftance of the foul is federed with 
thefe'paflions, is gone too far to be ever 
cured ; thefe inflammations will rage to all eternity. 
Addifon. —See the article Surgery. 
She faves the lover, as we gangrenes day, 
By cutting hopCj like a lopt limb, away. Waller. 
7 b GAN'GRENE, v.a. [gangrener, Fr. 2 To corrupt 
to mortification.—In cold countries, when men’s nofes 
and ears are mortified, and, as it gangrene with cold, 
if they come to a fire they rot oil' presently ; for that the 
few I'pirits that remain in thofe parts, are fuddenly 
drawn forth, and fo putrefadlion is made complete. Bacon. 
Gangren'd members mufl: be lop’d away, 
Before the nobler parts are tainted to decay. Dryden. 
7 b GAN GRENE, v.n. To become mortified.—As 
phlegmons are fubjei:!: to mortification, fo alfo in fat bo¬ 
dies they are apt to gangrene after opening, if that fat be 
not fpeedily digefted out. Wifeman. 
Wounfls immedicable 
Rankle and fefier, and gmigrene 
To black mortification. Milton. 
GAN'GRENOUS, adj. Mortified ; produced or be¬ 
tokening mortification.—The blood, turning acrimoni¬ 
ous, corrodes the velfels, producing haEmorrhages, 
puftules red, lead-colour, black and gangrenons. Arbiilhnot. 
GANGUEjy. In mineralogy, the fiones which fill the 
cavities that form the veins of metals are called the 
gangue, or matrix of the ore; the rocks that lie over the 
veins are called the roof; thofe that lie under them the 
f.oor, and by fome the hading: the matrix isalmoft al¬ 
ways a fine'f fpecies of done than the furrounding rocks, 
thougli of the fame genus ; even the rocks themfelves 
are finer grained as they approach the vein. There is 
no matrix peculiarly appropriated to any metal ; it has 
only been remarked, that tin is generally found among 
Hones of the iiliceous genus, and lead very frequently 
among thofe of the calcareous. 
GANG'WAY,/! In a Ihip, the feveral ways or paf- 
fages from one part of it to the other. 
GA'NIA,/. in botany. See Corchorus. 
GAN'JAM, a town of Hindooftan, in the circle of 
Cicacole, on the fea coafi: of the bay of Bengal: eight 
miles feuth-fouth-vv eft of Cattack, and ninety-five north- 
eaft of Cicacole. Lat. 19. ^3. N. Ion, 85. 20. £. Green¬ 
wich. 
GANJ'TRUS,^ in botany. See El^eocarpus. 
GAN'KA, a low n of Arabia, in the province of Oman : 
124 miles fourh of Mafcate. 
GAM'KU, a town of China, of the third rank, in the 
province qf Se-tchuen : twelve miles weft of Ho. 
GAin'NAT, a town of France, and principal place of 
a diltritl, in tlie department of the Allier, containing 
about 3000 inhabitants : nine l(j.agues fouth of Moulins. 
Lat. 46. 5. In. Ion. 20. 52. E. Ferro,- 
GAN'NELOR, a I'mall ifland of North America, in 
thegulph of St. Lawrence, in north lat. 48, near Bird 
Ifland. 
GAN'NEMIE, a town of Arabia : twenty-eight miles 
north-weft of Dsjebi. 
GAN'NET ISLAND, a fmall ifland near the north 
coaft of New Zealand, in the South Pacific Ocean. 
GAN'NING, a town of China, of the fecond rank, in 
the province of Yun-nan : 1162 miles fouth-louth-w eft of 
Pekin. Lat. 23. N. Ion. 120. 2. E. Ferro. 
GA'NOS, a town oi European 7 'urkey, in the pro¬ 
vince of Romania: thirty-two miles north-eaft of Gal¬ 
lipoli; 
GA'NOWIZ, a town of Germany, in the duchy of 
Stiria : fix miles foutli-v eft of \\ ir.difch-'Weiftritz. 
GANS'BACri, a totvn of Germany, in the archduchy 
of Auftria; fix miles fouth-foutli-wcft of MauUern, 
GAO 243 
GANT, a town of France, in the department of the 
Lower Pyrenees: four miles fouth of Pan. 
GANT, a town of Germany, in the Tyrolefe : feven 
miles weft-north-weft of Landeck. 
GAN'TELOPE, or GANT'LET,y \_gantlet is only 
corrupted from gantelope ; gant, all, and leopen, to run, 
Dut.] A military puniflnnent, in which the criminal 
running between the ranks receives a lafli from each 
man.—Young gentlemen are driven with a whip, to run 
the gantlet through tlie feveral claflTes. Locke. 
But would’ftthou, friend, who haft two legs alone, 
Would’ft thou to run thega7iilet thefe expofe, 
To a whole compahy of hob-nail’d Ihoes ? Dryden. 
GAN'YMEDE, a goddefs, better known by the name 
of Hebe, which fee. 
GANYME'DES, in mythology, a beautiful youth of 
Phrygia, fon of Tros, and brother to Hus and Aftaracus. 
According to Lucian, he was fon of Dardanus. He was 
taken up to heaven by Jupiter as he was hunting, or ra¬ 
ther tending his father’s flocks on mount Ida, and he be¬ 
came the cup-bearer of the gqds in the place of Hebe. 
Some fay that he was carried away by an eagle, to fatif- 
fy the unnatural defires of Jupiter. He is generally re. 
prefented fitting on the back of a flying eagle in the air. 
GAN'ZA, y. Span, agoofe.] Akindofwild 
goofe, by a flock of which a virtuofo was fabled to be 
carried to the lunar world : 
They are but idle dreams and fancies. 
And favour ftrongly of the ganza’s. Hudibras, 
GAO'GA, a country of Africa, to the weft of Nubia, 
with a town of the fame name, fituated on a large lake. 
The inhabitants are faid to be barbarous and unciviliz¬ 
ed. Lat. 16. N. Ion. 26. E. Greenwich. 
GAOL, y. \_gaola, Lat. geok, Fr. i. e. caveola, a cage 
for birds; ufed metaphorically for a prifon.J A ftrong 
place or houfe for keeping of debtors, &c. and wdierein 
a man is reftrained of his liberty to anfwer an oft'ence 
doneagainft the laws. Every county hath two gaols, one 
for debtors, which may be any houfe where tlie flierift' 
pleafes; the other for the peace and matters of the 
crown, which is the county gaol. There are alfo others 
of an inferior kind, called the county bridewell. 
Gaols are of fuch univerfal concern to the public, that 
none can be eret;ted by any lefs authority than an adl of 
parliament. 2 Injl. 703. All prifons and gaols belong to 
the king, although the fubjett may have the cuftody or 
keeping of them, ‘zlnjl. 389. It is faid, tliat none can 
claim a prifonas franchile, unlefsthey have alfo a gaol- 
delivery; and that therefore the dean and chapter of 
Weftminfter, though they have the cuftody of the Gate- 
houfe prifon, yet as they have no gaol-delivery, they 
muft fend akalendar of the prifoners to Newgate, i Salk. 
343. ■] Mod. ii. By ftat. 14 Edw. III. c. 10, it is enaift. 
ed, that the llierift's fiiall have the cuftody of the gaols 
as before, and lliall put in under-keepers for whom they 
will anfwer. L his ftatute is confirmed by flat. 19 
Ken. V 11 . c. 10. And although divers lords of liberties 
have the cuftody of prilbns, and fome in fee, yet the 
prifon iifelf is the king’s, pro bonopublico\ and therefore 
it is to be repaired at the common charge, xlnjl. 389. 
The juftices, or the greater number of them within 
the limits of their commillion, upon prefentment of the 
grand jury at the aflizes (orfeifions; flat. 12 Geo. II. c. 
29,) of the infufficiency or inconveniency of the county- 
gaol, may contradt with any perfon for the building, 
finifhing, or repairing, the fame. Stats, ii B 10. Will. III. 
c. 19. The expence thereof to be paid by the treafurer 
out of the general, county rates. Stat. 12 Geo. II. But 
this (by faid flat, n & 12 Will. Ill.) not to extend to 
gaols held by inheritance, nor to charge any perfons in 
any town or liber: y, which have common gaols for fe. 
lonsj and comimllioners of-allife or gaol-delivery, with 
any 
