250 
GAR 
and its mean breadth about three leaguis. The head 
of the lake is fliut in between Monte Baldo and the 
mountains of Brelfan, which are cut perpendicularly 
from Gargano to Riva. The lower part is included be¬ 
tween hills, to which learned Italians give the name of 
Colli-Bcnaceji. It receives the Sarca on the north ; towards 
the well, the torrents of Ponal, Brafa, Lampion, and 
Tofcolano ; and on the ealt, the waters which run from 
Monte Baldo. The furface of the lake is broken by 
three idands, the Trimelone, Olivi, and hrati, and by 
the peninfula of Sermione, which projects from the 
middle of the lower fide of the balin. Its W'aters being 
extremely limpid, we can perceive at a.great dcptli the 
Hones at the bottom, and the plants which cover them ; 
but its depth is fo very uncqtial that its mean cannot be 
eafily alfigned. The water is very light, butfit has a 
fifiiy tafte. M. Zeviani fays that it does not curdle 
foap, and boils vegetables perfectly well. At the com¬ 
mencement of the fummer, the water rifes, which the 
filhermcn attribute to the plants that fpring up from the 
bottom of the lake ; but which it is more natural to af- 
lign to th.e melting of the fnows, and the heavy rains 
w hich fall at that feafon. I'he navigation is then often 
dangerous. When the water links, marfiies appear in 
certain places; the exhalations from which, by the ac¬ 
tion of the fun, render the air unhealthy. 
South and north winds prevail in the morning and in 
the evening, but the various directions of the vaflies, 
which border on the lake, occalion currents of air, to 
which the inhabitants give names referring either to 
t.heir effedls, or to the part of the Ihore from which they 
proceed. The Vexentina blows after changes of tlte 
weather, or when it becomes fettled. The Tofeano 
blotvs when the weather is about to change, and is often 
followed by a high wind. The names of thefe two re¬ 
fer to their direttion ; they are ftormy, as is alfo that 
which blows from Garda, and is called Spizzochcr, be¬ 
ing often as tremendous as that from the north, but it is 
of Ihort duration. The Andro, w hich blows from the 
fide ofLonato, islittle dangerous. Thole of Ponal and 
Navenne, named from the places w’hence they proceed, 
are much to be feared in the fummer feafon, taking the 
barks by lurprife vvliich fail in thefe direciions : but 
thefe winds are not of long continuance. The Ora blows 
all the year, efpecially in April; but it never dillurbs 
the lake. The Sovero is the moft furious, often vio¬ 
lently agitating the whole mafs of water ; at which time 
the lake prefents the terrific appearance of a fiormy lea. 
The velfels, which are overtaken by it, do not endea¬ 
vour to refill it, and only think of Ihelter. Thele tem- 
pells commonly happen either in w'inter, when the fnow 
is on the mountains ; or in fummer, when they become 
tremendous fiorms, which continue for two or three days. 
The appearance of the atmofphere indicates their ap¬ 
proach. 
I'he commerce of the lake is confiderable, and it would 
become more fo if the Mincio were rendered navigable. 
At Toni, Garda, Limon, I'orbole, Pefehiera, and Riva, 
the filhery is a very important objeft. The principal 
market is at Dezenzano : but there is another alfo at 
Tc»rri. The people carry their filh to Venice, Milan, 
and even to Genoa; and every where it is much in re¬ 
quell. On the ealtern bank, the ports moll frequented 
are thofe oi'Lafife, San Virgiiio, and Malforiina; they 
are moreover the largell and moll commodious. That 
of Torri is choaked up with land, or at leal! fubjefil to 
that inconvenience. Thofe of Bardolino and Brenzone 
are nfed only as ferries. That of Rivals the largefl and 
the fafell, and it is the entrepot of the commerce of the 
Tyrol. 
GARDAN'NE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Mouths of the Rhone, and chief place of a can¬ 
ton, in the diflridt of Aix : three leagues north-north- 
eail of Marfeiiles, and one and a half loulh-fouth-call of 
Aix. 
GAR 
GAR'DANT, adj. Keeping guard. In heraldry a 
creature full-faced, and looking riglit forward, 
GAR'DE (La), a town of France, in the department 
of the Var, and chief plaee of a canton, in the dillricl of 
Toulon: two leagues well of Flieres, and one and a half 
eall of Toulon. 
GAR'DECAUT, or Guard du Cord, f. in awaich, 
is tliat w’hich flops the fufee, when wound up, and for 
that end is driven up by the fpring. Some call it guard- 
cock ; others guard du gut. 
GARDEI'AH, a town of Africa, the capital of Beni 
Mezzab : iSo mileseall of Fighig. Lat. 32. 15. N. Ion. 
2. 30. E. Greenwich. 
GARDEL'EGEN, or Gardeleben, a town of Ger¬ 
many, inthecircle of Upper Saxony, and Old Mark of 
Brandenburg, containing four churches, four hofpicals, 
and a manufadture of cloth ; celebrated for its beer 
forty-four miles w'ell-north-wefi: of Brandenburg, and 
feventy-two well of Berlin. Lat. 53. 7. N. 1011. 29. 9. E. 
Ferro. 
GAR'DEN, y. \_gardd, WtXih ■, jardin, 'Pr. giardino, 
Ital.] A piece of ground iiiclofed, and cultivated with 
extraordinary care, planted with lierbs or fruits for 
food, oiTaid out for pleafure.—In the royal ordering of 
gardem, there ought to be gardens for all the months in 
the year. Bacon. —In every garden Ihould be provided 
flowers, fruit, fiiade, and ivater. Temple. 
My garden takes up half my daily care. 
And my field allcs the minutes I canfpare. Harte. 
A place particularly fruitful or delightful r 
I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, 
The garden of great Italy, Shakefpeare. 
Garden is often iifed in compofition for or 
belonging to a garden. Garden-mould, is mould fit for a 
garden.—They delight moll in rich h\i\c]f. garden mould, 
that is deep and light, and mixed rather with land tlian- 
clay. Mortimer. — Garden-tillage, is tillage ufed in culti¬ 
vating gardens.—Peas and beans are what belong to 
garden-tillage as well as that of the field. Mortimer.- — Gar¬ 
den-ware, is the produce of gardens. — A clay bottom is a 
much more pernicious foil for tree nrxii garden-ware than, 
grave 1 . Mortimer. 
7 b GAR'DEN, v.n. To cultivate a garden; to lay 
out gardens.—Vv hen ages grow’ to civility and elegancy, 
men come to build flatel}’, fooner than to garden finely ; 
as '\igardening were the greater perfection. Bacon, 
At firit, in Rome’s poor age, 
Whenboth her kings and confuls held the plough. 
Or garden’d ViftW. Ben jonfon. 
Robbing gardens of fruit growing therein, is punilh- 
able criminally by whipping, fmall fines, imprifonment, 
and fatisfadtion to the party wronged, according to the 
nature of the offenee. 43 Eliz. c. 7. 
GAR'DEN (Francis), known by the title of lordGar- 
denflone, born at Edinburgh, in 1721. Fiis father was an 
opulent landholder in Aberdeenihire ; his mother was 
Jane, daughter of fir Francis Grant of Cullen. After 
palling through the ufual courfe of liberal ed.ucation at 
the univerfity, he betook himfelf to the Itudy of law for 
his profefiion ; and in 1744 he was admitted a member of 
the faculty of advocates, and called to the Scottilh bar. 
In his practice as an advocate, he foon began to be dif- 
tinguilhed by a firong refifitude of imd.erfianding, and by 
great vivacity of genius; though his tafte was averle 
from auftere and plodding ftudy, while it was captivat¬ 
ed by the fafeinations of polite learning, and the fine 
arts. He became his majelfy’s folicitor, July 3, 1764; 
and at length the worth of his character,, and his abili¬ 
ties as a lawyer, recommended him to the office of a 
judge in the courts of feftion and julticiary, the fupreme 
judicatures, civil and criminal, for Scotland. His place 
in the court of feftion he continued to occupy till his 
dc.ith ; but had, fome years before, refigned the office 
