GAR 
of a commiflloner of judiciary, and in recompencc got a 
penfion of 200I. per annum. Clear dilcernmcnt, drong 
good fenl'e, confcientious integrity, and amiable bene¬ 
volence, remarkably didinguiflied his condiidl as a judge. 
In 1762 he purchafed the edate of Johndon, in the 
county of Kincardine. Within a few years after he be¬ 
gan a plan of the molt liberal improvement of the value 
of this edate, by an extenlion of the village of Laurence¬ 
kirk, adjoining. He offered leafes of fmall farms, and 
of ground for building upon, whicli were to lad for the 
term of one hundred years ; and of which the condi¬ 
tions were extremely inviting to the furrounding coun¬ 
try. Thefe offers were eagerly embraced. More de- 
drous to make the attempt beneficial to the country, 
than to derive profit from it to hirnfelf, he was induced, 
within a few years, to reduce his ground-rents to one half 
of the original rate. Numerous artifans reforted to fettle 
in the riling village. His lorddiip’s earnednefs for the 
fuccefs of his project, and to promote the profperity of 
the people wliom he had received under his protection, 
led him to engage in feveral undertakings; by the failure 
of whicli lie incurred confiderable Ioffes. ProjeCts of a 
print-field, and of manufactures of linen and of dockings, 
attempted with laiiguine hopes in the new village, and 
chiefly at his lordlhip’s rilk and expence, mifgave in 
fuch a manner as might well have finally difguded a man 
of lefs deady and ardent philanthropy, with every fuch 
engagement. But the village dill continued to advance. 
It gre'.v up under his lordfliip’s eye ; and in 1779, he 
procured it to be ereCted into a burgh or barony ; hav¬ 
ing a magidracy, an annual fair, and a weekly market. 
He provided in it a good inn for the reception of travel¬ 
lers ; and with an uncommon attention to the entertain¬ 
ment of the gueds who might refort to it, furniflied this 
inn with a library of books for their amufement. Before 
Jiis lorddiip’s death, he law his plan of improving the 
condition of the labourers, by tlie formation of a new 
village at Laurencekirk, crowned with fiiccels beyond 
his mod fanguine hopes. He has acknowledged, with 
an amiable franknefs, in a memoir concerning this vil¬ 
lage, “ That he had tried, in lome meafure, a variety 
of the pleafures which mankind purfue ; but never re- 
liflied any fo much as the pleafure arifing from the pro- 
grefs of his v llage.” 
In 1785, upon the death of his elder brother, Alex¬ 
ander Garden of Troup, M. P. for Aberdeendiire, lord 
Gardendone fucceeded to the pofl'eliion of the family 
edates, which were very confiderable, and afforded him 
an opportunity of vifitingthe continent. In the month 
of September 1786, his lordfliip fet out from London for 
Dover, and palfed over into France. After vifiting 
Paris, he proceeded to Provence, and fpent the winter 
months in the genial climate of Hieres. In the fpring 
of 1787 he returned northwards, vifiting Geneva, Swif- 
ferlaiid, the Netherlands, and the Dutch provinces, and 
pairing through Germany into Italy. Vdith a fond curi- 
ofity, attentive alike to the wonders of nature, to the 
noble monuments of the arts, and to the awful remains 
of ancient grandeur, with whicli Italy abounds, he vi- 
fitedall its great cities, and lurveyed alniod every re¬ 
markable and famous feene that it exhibits. He eagerly 
collected fpeciiuens of the fpars, the lliells, the drata of 
rocks, and the veins of metals, in the feveral countries 
through which he palled. He amalied alfo cameos, 
medals, and paintings. He enquired into fcience, lite¬ 
rature, and local inditutions. He wrote down his obfer- 
vations, from time to time ,- not indeed with the minute 
care of a pedant, or the odentatious labour of a man 
travelling w ith a delign to piiblilli an account of his tra¬ 
vels; but limply to aid memory and imagination in the 
future remembrance of objects ufeful or agreeable. Af¬ 
ter an ablence of about three years, he returned to his 
native country. The lad years were fpent in the dif- 
charge of the duties of his office as a judge ; in focial 
inccrccurfe with his friends, and in the performance of 
GAR 251 
a thoufand generous offices of benevolence and humani¬ 
ty. As an amufement for the lad two or three years of 
his life, when his increafing infirmities precluded him 
from aiSlive exercife, he bethought hirnfelf of reviling 
fome of the light fugitive pieces, in which hchadindul- 
ged the gaiety of his fancy in his earlier days; and a 
fmall volume of poems was publiflied, in which the belt 
pieces are, upon good authority, aferibed to lord Gar¬ 
dendone. He revifed alfo the memorandums wliich he 
had made upon ids travels, and permitted them to be 
fent to the prefs. The two former volumes were pub- 
liflied while his lordlhip was alive ; the third after his 
death. They convey much agreeable information, and 
befpeak an elegant, enlightened, and amiable, mind. 
The lad volume is filled chiefly with memorandums of 
his lordfhip’s travels in Italy ; and contains inany inte- 
reding criticifms upon fome of tire nobled produdtions 
of the fine arts of painting'and fculpture. His lordfhip’s 
health had long been declining; and he died a bachelor 
on the 22d of July 1793. 
GARDEN BAY', a bay on the ead coad of New¬ 
foundland. Lat. 49. 42. N. Ion. 54. 50. W. Greenwich. 
G AR'DEN-PLOT, f. Plot in a garden : 
In bower and field he fought, where any tuft 
Of grove, or garden-plot, more pleafant lay. Milton. 
GAR'DEN-STUFF,/. The produce of the garden, 
efpecially that which is dreffedand eaten with meat. 
GAR'DENER, /. He that attends or cultivates gar¬ 
dens.—Our bodies are our gardens, to the which our 
wills z.ro gardeners-, fo that if we plant nettles, or fow 
letruce, the power lies in our will. Shake/pcare .—^The life 
and felicity of an oyiceWont gardener is preferable to all 
other diverfions. Evelyn. 
Then let the learned gardener m^r'k. with care 
The kinds of docks, and what thofe kinds will bear. 
Diyden. 
GARDE'NIA,y’. [So named by Ellis, in honour of 
Alexander Garden, M.D. of Charledown in Carolina. ] 
In botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, order mono- 
gynia, natural order contortae, (rubiacete, JvJf.) The 
generic charadters are—Calyx : perianthium one-leafed, 
five-cleft, fuperior ; divifions upright, permanent. Co¬ 
rolla: one-petalled, funnel-form or falver-form ; tube 
cylindric, longer than the calyx ; border flat, five- 
parted. Stamina: filaments none; antlierae five, in- 
ferted into the mouth of the tube, linear, dreaked,'half 
the length of the border. Pidillum: germ inferior; 
dyle filiform or club-fhaped ; digma dandingout, ovate, 
obtufe, two-lobedj often furrowed. Pericarpium : 
berry (berried drupe, Grertner,) dry, one, two, or four, 
celled. Seeds: very many, flatted, imbricate in two 
rows, (two rows in each cell. JiiJf.)—EJfential CkaraBer. 
Corolla one-petalled, contorted or twided ; digma lob- 
ed ; berry inferior, two or four-celled, many-leecicd. 
Species. I. Without thorns, i. Gardenia radicans, 
or rooting gardenia : corollas obtufe ; calyx angular ; 
leaves elliptic; dem rooting. Stem decumbent, fmooth, 
thicknels of a reed, about afoot high, putting out roots 
at the bottom ; branches oppofite, tubercled with rudi¬ 
ments of leaves, flexLiofe, upright; leaves alfembled at 
the ends of the br.,nclips, oppofite, fubfe.lliie, entire, 
marked with parallel nerves, fmooth, upright, from an 
inch to two inches in length. It is commonly cultivated 
in Japan, where it flowers in June and July. 
2. Gardenia florida, or fragrant gardenia, or Cape jaf- 
mine : corollas falver-duiped ; calycine legments verti¬ 
cal, lanccolate-fubulate; leaves elliptic. Stem large 
and woody, fending out many branches, which are firft 
green, but afterwards the bark becomes grey and fmooth, 
the branches come cut by pairs oppofite, and have diort 
joints; tlte leavesalfo are oppofite, clofeto the branches; 
they are five inches long, and two and a half broad 
in tJie middle, lelfening to both ends, terminating in a 
point; they are of a lucid green, having feveral tranf- 
verf'e 
