GARDENIA. 
verfe veins froin the midrib to the borders ; tliey are 
e-itirr-, and of a thick cor.fiflence ; the flowers are pro¬ 
duced at tl’,e ends of the branches, fitting clofe to t)ie 
leaves ; when fully blown, the double flower is as large 
as a middling rofe. It has a very agreeable odour, on 
the firft ^iiproacli fomething like tliat of the orange- 
fl .wer, but on being more clofely fmelt to, like tlie 
common double white narciiTus. 'I'liere are hedges <.f 
it in japan, and tlie Japanefe are very fofld of it near 
their houfes, and in tjje walks of tlieir gardens. Both 
in Japan and China the fruit is ufed for dying yellow. 
The mucilage pi-eifed out with the feeds produces a 
fine yellow ; that from the feeds only is lighter, but 
tinges water of a lively yellow, and is faid to dye filk 
ot a deep orange, or even' I'carlet, but not the deep 
China fcarlet. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, 
Cochinchina, China, japan, Surat, Amboyna, and tlie 
South-Sea-iflands. Introduced about 17,54, by captain 
Hutchinlon, of the Godojphin Indiamait, who found it 
near the Cape of Good Hope, being attradled by the 
great iragraucy of the flowers. He prefented it to 
Richar-d Warren, Kfq. of Woodford in Elfex, in whofe 
curious garden it continued flowering. Mr. James 
Gordon, of Mile-e.nd, propagated it from cuttings in 
It.flovviers in July Und Auguft. It varies with 
fingle and double flowers-, i.he former has from five to 
nine divifions of the coroll.i, and (huuens. 
3. Gardenia Tliunbergia, or Harry gardenia : corollas 
falver-fliaped ; calyxes burlling laterally, with the feg- 
luents dilated at the tip ; leaves elliptic. This is a 
tree, about two fathoms in height, fmooth, and branch¬ 
ing very much ; branches alternate, round, having rings 
bn them from the rudiments of leaves, afli-coloured, 
Imooth, erect, branrhletted ; leaves in whorls of three 
or four, acuminate to both ends, entire, coiicave, fome- 
yvhat waved, marked with parallel nerves, fmootli, hav¬ 
ing iiairy glands in the axils of the nerves on the lower 
furface,fpreading, unequal, longer than the internodes, 
two inches long and more; beiry ovate, fomewhat 
wrinkled, fmooth, greenifli, turning white, one-celled, 
five-valyed, the fize of a hen’s egg, continuing feveral 
yean's without opening or falling ; having a woody hard 
bark, and fcarcely any pulp. Native of the Cape of 
Good Hope, and introduced in 1773, by fir James Cock- 
burn, Bart. 
4. Gardenia latifolia, or broad-leaved gardenia: co¬ 
rollas falver-fhaped ; calycine fegments fubulate, ob- 
tufely keeled ; leaves obovate-roundifli. Native of the 
barren rocky hills both in the Civears and Carnatic. 
Its large glofly. green leaves, and the fize and fragrance 
of the flowers, render it both ornamental and defirable. 
Roxb. 134. 
5. Gardenia gummifera, or gummy gardenia 1 corol¬ 
las obtufe ; calyx rough with hairs ; leaves oblong, ob- 
tufe. This relembles G. florida in the fize and form of 
the border of tiie corolia; the tube of the calyx is lon¬ 
ger, more filiform, and covered with more llender hairs. 
A guin-refin, very much like gum elemi, exudes from 
the clefts of the bark, and from the leaves. Native of 
Ceylon; found there by Koenig. 
6. Gardenia Mufi'asnda, or MufHenda gardenia ; co¬ 
rollas acute ; calyx rough with hairs ; leaves ovate, 
acute. Native of South America. 
7. Gardenia Genipa, or Genipa gardenia : leaves ob- 
long-lanceclate ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered, 
corojlas falver-fiiaped, with an abbreviated tube. This 
is a thornlefs fnrub, according to Swartz, with oblong- 
I.inceolate leaves; axillary many-flowered; peduncles 
and falver-Oiapcd corollas with a Ihort tube. It differs 
from the other gardenias principally in the form of the 
corolla, witich varies much in tiiis genus. Native of 
South America. 
Gardenia rothrnanaia, or fpotted-flowered garde¬ 
nia : corollas funnel-fhaped ; calycine fegments fubulate; 
leaves oblong; (corollas acute, lubcampanulate; calyx 
r 
fmooth; leaves oblong, acute. Thimh. caji.) Stem, arbo¬ 
reous, ereft, branching very much., a fathom an t h;Hlf 
in height ; leaves oppofite, on very fliort petioles, 
acute, entire, nerved, fmootli, brigh.t greer, above, pa¬ 
ler beneath., evergreen, having hairy glands in the axils 
of the nerves on the lower furface.; berry ovate, flciliy, 
angular, with about twelve obfeure lilies, fmooth, twe- 
valved, one-celled, pulpy, the fize of a fmall pear, black 
when ripe, opening on one fide, and falling from the tree 
when dry; pulp foft, like tltat of th.e tamarind; the 
wood of this is, very hard ; flowers white, fmelling very 
fweet, efpecially during the night; native of tlie Cajie 
of Good Hope. 
II. Thorny. 9. Gardenia fpir.ofa, or thorny gar¬ 
denia : flow’ers fellile, hirfute. Native of Cliina near 
Macao. 
10. Gardenia dumetorum, or bufliy gardenia : thorns 
oppofite, longer than the leaves ; gefms fmooth. This 
is one of the mofi common ih.oi'ny famous fhrubs on the 
coall of Coromandel ; flowering in tlie beginning of the 
wet feafon. Ufed for fences and fire-wood ; flowers few, 
but highly fragrant. Tlie fruit, when ripe, refembles a 
fm ill yellow apple ; when biuifed, and thrown into fiih- 
tanks, tlie fifli are Toon intoxicated, and I'c-en floating on 
the furface. If praCitifed in the hot i'eafon, it is faid the 
filli generally die, but if in the cold feafon they recover. 
Fifliernien fometimes follow this mode of catching fiili; 
and tliey arc not on tliat account deemed lefs wliolefome. 
Roxb. 13'). It is the G. fpinofa of Linnreus, but a dif¬ 
ferent plant from the G. fpinofa of Thunberg, which is 
a native of Cliiaa, and has the calyx externally, with 
the cor-jlla very liairy ; whereas in this tliey are fmooth. 
11. Gardenia micranthus, of fmall flowered gardenia : 
flowers fefltle, fmooth. Native of China and the ifiand 
of Ceylon. 
12. Gardenia fcandens, or climbing gardenia : climb¬ 
ing ; flowers peduncled. Native of China, near Macao ; 
according to Retzius, it is a flirub very much branched 
both oppofitely and alternately ; fpines Ihort; leaves op- 
pofiteand feattered, ovate, quite entire, the fame fize as 
ill G. dumetorum; flowers at the ends of the twigs, 
ul'ually foliiary, peduncled, altogether like thofe of 
jafminum odoratum ; but the Hamens and piftil as in 
gardenia; it has the calyx of jafmiii, but more leathery, 
as is alfo the corolla. 
13. Gardenia uliginofa, or boggy gardenia: branches 
thorny at the end ; tube of the corolla hirfute within. 
A flirub with brown Iquarifli brandies, the rv.igs Ihort 
and growing by pairs, having leaves and two thorns at 
the end. Native of the Eall-Indies in marflies : found 
there by Koenig. Roxburgh deferibes it thus: A rigid 
ramous fmall tree, armed with numerous llroiig thorns, 
delights in moifi places ; flowers at the beginning of the 
hot feafon, orinfonie meafureall the year. Roxb. 135. 
14. Gardenia aniiata, or armed gardenia: fpines of 
the branchlets terminating in fours; calycine fegments 
linear wedgeform; flowers crowded. Ihis is a fmall 
tree, about^ten feet high, and very feldom more than three 
inches in diameter, frequently brandling very near the 
ground ; flowers fellile, commonly four together from 
the end of each twig ; extremely odorous. Native of 
South America and' the WelTIndia illands. 
15. Gardenia aculeata, or round leaved gardenia; 
thorns oppofite, both they and the flowers Ihorter than 
the leaves ; branches fmooth. Browne calls it the in¬ 
digo-berry, and fays that it is a fmall flirub riling by a 
branched ftalk, and Ihooting commonly to the height of 
feven or eight feet; the main Item tough and hard ; tlie 
branches fomewhat prickly at the ends; the leaves of an 
oval form, and growing in tutis ; the pulp of the bernes, 
which are generally numerous on tiie Imaller branches, 
is very th^ck, and Ilains paper or linen ot a fine fixed 
blue colour. Native of the Welt-Indies. Introduced 
before 1,733 by William Houltouii, M.D. who found it 
near Vera Cruz, and gave it the name of Randia, in ho¬ 
nour 
