GAR 
in the lafc year of king Henry VIII, While the parlia¬ 
ment was fitting the convocation likcwife met, wliere by 
artful management there were but fix clergymen in the 
proteftant intereft, who were tlireatened, and interrupted 
in their arguments. When in the debate, Wefton, tlie 
prolocutor, was hard prefied by their reafoning, he in- 
I'ultingly faid to tliem, “You have the word, but we 
have tlie fword truly pointing out, fays Burnet, 
wherein the firengthof their refpeclive caufes lay. Soon 
after this, fcveral protcllant prelates were deprived of 
their lees, on different pretences, and their places were 
filled by thofe wh.o had been deprived in the reign of 
Edward VI. By thefc proceedings the protellants were 
with good reafon convinced, that a fevere perfecution 
was determined againfi: them ; and more than eight hun¬ 
dred of them thought it prudent to confult their fafety, 
by withdrawdng into foreign parts. David Lloyd writes, 
that Gardiner threatened concerning thefe exiles, that 
“ he would watch tlieir fupplics, fothat they Ihouldeat 
their nails, and thenfeed on their fingers’ ends.” Events 
foGii Ihewed how well founded were their apprehenfions, 
for in the beginning of 1554, the marlhallea in London, 
and the prifons in other parts of the kingdom, were 
filled with protellants. 
The treaty of marriage between queen Mary and Phi¬ 
lip, Ion of Ch.arlesV. king of Spain and emperor of Ger¬ 
many, was the next momentous bulinels to which Gar¬ 
diner’s attention was diretted. This projected mani- 
age was extremely odious to the nation in general; 
and though the articles of it w'ere drawn w'ith much art 
and plaulibility, and I'eemingly much in favour of Eng¬ 
land, yet, when they were publiflted, they gave no fatis- 
fa£tion to the people. At the meeting of the fecond 
parliament of the queen’s reign, however, in April, 1554, 
the treaty of marriage was made the fubjeft of difcullion; 
and as Gardiner had received large remittances from the 
emperor, by means of which he had fecured the votes of 
many confiderable members, the terms of it were rati¬ 
fied by both houfes without much oppofition. In the 
month of July following the queen met the Spanifli prince 
at Wincliclter, where they were man led by Gardiner, in 
that venerable cathedral. This prelate now brought 
over cardinal Pole, the popiflt legale, and conligned the 
people of England once more into the bofom of tlte ca¬ 
tholic church ; and a bill quickly followed, by which 
the old (latutes againfi: heretics, made in the I'eigns of 
Ricliard II. Henry IV. and Henry V. were revived in 
their full force. For thefe fervices bifnop Gardiner was 
promifed a cardinal’s hat, and, on the firft vacancy, a 
promotion to the archbifhopric of Canterbury. But in 
the month of 06 tober, 1555, he opened the feffions of 
parliament, and within a few days afterwards was tiiken 
ill of the gout, according to fome writers, but according 
to, others of a fuppreffion of urine, which proved fatal 
to him on the i3tli of November following, when he was 
about feventy-iwo years of age. He is laid to have fuf- 
tained excruciating agonies on his death-bed, and to 
have felt great remorfc for his part life, often repeating 
the words, Erravi cum Petro, fed non Jlevi cum. Petro ■, “ 1 
have erred with Peter, but I have not wept witlt Peter.” 
He w'as the author of a treatil'e De VeraObedientia, already 
mentioned. 2. Palinodia cliEli LibrL, ora retra6tion of the 
preceding work . 3. An Explication and Affertion of 
the true Cathohe Faith, touching the mod: bleffed Sa¬ 
crament of the Ai ar, &c. written againft Cranmer, and 
printed abroad in 1351. 4. Confutatio Cavillalionum, qvi- 
bui, facroJanElum Euctuarifa Sacramentum, abirnpiis (^apernaitis 
impetijolety wrictc-u in cue Tower, in reply to an anfwer of 
Craumer to tin- laft-mentioned piece ; and ditf'erent de¬ 
fences of himtelf againft tlie attacks of Dr. Turner, Dr. 
Poyneti and other protellant exiles. Several of his let¬ 
ters to the du-.eof Somerfet, lord protestor, and other 
perfons, are exiunt in tlie firft edition of Fox’s Alls 
and Monuments, and fome to Smith and Clieke on the 
GAR 255 
pronunciation of the Greek language in Ber.e’t college 
library, at Cambridge. 
GARDIN'GEN, a town of De nmark, in the duchy 
of Slefwic : ttventy-eiglit miles weft-fouth-wefl of 
Slefwic. Lat. 54. 24. N. Ion. 8. 52. K. Greenwich. 
GARD'MANGER,y. [Frcncii] A llurehoufc, a place 
to put victuals in. Scott. 
GARD'NER, a townfiiip of the American States, in- 
Worcefler county, Maffacluiletis, incorporated in 1783. 
It contains about 14,000 acres, well watered, chiefly by 
Otter river. The road from Conncfticut river through 
Peterfliam, Gerry, and Templeton, and to Boflon, palfes 
througli it. It contains 331 inhabitants, and is.twenty- 
fix miles nortli by wefl of Worcefler, and fixty nortij- 
wefl of Bofion. 
GaRDNFIR’s island, or Isi.e of Wight, an 
ifland of the-American States, liiuated at tlie eafl end of 
Long-lfland, in New-York flate, iheltered within Oyfler 
Pond and Montauk points; ten miles north-wefl of the 
latter, and as far fouth-wefl of Plumb ifland. It con¬ 
tains about three thoufand acres of fertile, land, and 
yields excellent grafs, wheat and corn. Fine fheep and 
cattle are railed on it. It is annexed to Eaft Hampton, 
and lies forty miles fbuth-weflerly of Newport, Rhode- 
Illand. 
GARD'ON, a river of France, which rifes in tlie de¬ 
partment of the Lozere, crolfes the department of the 
Gard, receiving another river in its courfc, called tlie 
Garden d^Alais, aud runs into the Rlioue, four miles 
nortli of Tarafeon. 
GARDOU'CH, a town of France, in tlie department 
of the Upper Garonne : five leagues fouth-e.afl of Tou- 
loiife. 
GARD'ROBE, f. [French]' A wardrobe, a place to 
keep clothes in. Scott. 
GARD'SBY, a town of Sweden, in the province of 
Smaland : twenty-eight miles north of Vfexio. 
GARE, f. Wool growing on the legs of fheep. 
GA'REB, a hill of Palefline, (probably Gores,) 
fituated wefl of Jerufaiem near Mount-Caivary, men¬ 
tioned Jer. xxxi. 29. 
GA'RED, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Suz, 
on the river Suz, celebrated for its morocco leailier. 
G ARENCIE'RES, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Seine and Oife, and chief place of a canton, 
in the diflrift of Montfort: one league and a quarter 
north-weft of Montfort. 
GARENGE'OT (Rene Jacques Croiffant di), an 
eminent French furgeon, born at Vitry, in 168S. He 
fettled at Paris, and firfl railed himfelf to notice by pub- 
lilhing the difeoveries and inventions of others as liisown, 
which gave rife to various litigations. At length lie ob¬ 
tained reputation upon better grounds, and became one 
of the firfl Parifian fiirgcoiis of his time. He was a fel¬ 
low of the royal fo.ciety of London, and demonflrator- 
royal in furgery at Paris He was a dextrous operator, 
as well as an uleful writer. He died in 1739. Tlie 
works of Garengeot are: Traite des Operations de Chirurgie, 
Par. 1720, two vols. 8vo. 1731, 1749, three vols. 121110, 
This is a valuable performance, containing many pratti- 
cal improvements. Konveau Traite dcslnjlrumens de Chirur.. 
gie. Par. 1723, two vols. i2mo. De [’Operation de la Tailk 
parl'Appareil lateral, Par. 1730,121110. Splanclinologie, ou 
I’Anatomic des Vfee res. Par. 1728, 1742, two vols, i2mo. 
Myotomie hvmaine & canine. Par. 1728, 1750, two vols. 
12mo. He alfo wrote fome papers in the Mem. del'Acad, 
de Chirurgie, and the Mem. de I’Acad, des Sciences, 
GAREN'NE (La), a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of Paris: two leagues eafl-nortli-eafl of Paris. 
GAREOU'LT, a town of France, in the department 
of the Var, and chief place of a canton, in the dillriit of 
Brignoles: five miles fouth of Brignoles. 
GA'RET (John), a learned French benedifline monk, 
of the congregation of St. Maur^ born at Havre de 
Grace 
