GAS 
trc-ll commenced doctor of divinity; at which time he 
was chaplain to the houfe of commons. In 1702 he was 
prefented by queen Anne tc> a c.inoilry of Chrifl-church, 
ill Oxford. At tliis time tlie difpute between doctors 
South and Sherlock concerning the Trinity, being dill 
kept up with much zeal and ill temper, Dr. Galhell 
publiflied Some Confiderations conceruing the Trinity, 
and tlie Way of managing that Contvoverfy, 8vo. wliich 
Icon pafled tlirough two editions; and coming to a third, 
in 1707, the author fubjoined to that edition a vindica¬ 
tion of it, in anfwer to fome animadverfions of Mr. An¬ 
thony Collins in his Efl'ay concerning the life of Rea- 
fon. In 1707, likewife. Dr. Gaftrell publillied his ex¬ 
cellent performance, entitled The Chriftian Inltitutcs, or 
the fincere V/oid of God; being a plain and impartial 
Account of tlie whole Faith and Duty of a Chiiftian; 
colledtedout of theWritings of the Old and NewTefla- 
ment: digeded under proper He«ds, and delivered in the 
Words ot Scripture, 8vo. In the year 17 ii Dr. Gadrell 
"was choien proftor in convocation for the chapter of 
Oxford ; and was alfo nominated one of the cliaplains in 
ordinary to queen Anne. In 1714110 publiihed Remarks 
upon Dr. Clarke’s Scripture Do6lrine of the Trinity, to 
which that eminent man returned an anfwer at the end 
of his Reply to Mr. Nelfon, with candid and liberal ac¬ 
knowledgments of the learning and Ikill difeovered by 
the reinarker, and due commend.uions of the becoming 
temper and fpirit with which he had written. Dr. Gaf¬ 
trell held the preacher’s place at Lincoln’s-inn till this 
year ; when he refigned it upon his promotion to the 
fee of Cheder. Of this dignity the merits of Dr. Gaf¬ 
trell rendered him well worthy ; and as the revenues at¬ 
tached to it were but fmall, he was permirted dill to 
hold his canonry of Chrid-cliurch in commevdum. Dr. 
Gadrell was much afflidted with the gout during fcveral 
years of his life, and at length fell a lacnfice to thatdif- 
order towards the latter end of 1725, when he was about 
fixty-three years of age. Dis piety and virtues have 
been highly fpoken of by his contemporaries ; aiid of his 
learning and abilities liis excellenc writings ad'ord am¬ 
ple proof. Befides the articles already enumerated, lie 
was the author of a fermon, preached at the anniverfary 
meeting of the charity fchools in London, and entitled 
The religious Education of poor Children recommended; 
and A moral Proof of a future State, publidied without 
his name. Other anonymous pieces have been attri¬ 
buted to him, but upon uncertain authority. 
GAS'IRIC, adj. [from yetrr.^, Gr. the belly.] Be¬ 
longing to the belly or domacli. 
GASTRIC-JUICE, in phyfiology, a thin pellucid 
liquor, which didilsfrom certain glands in the domach, 
for the dilution and digedion of the food. See the article 
Chemistry, vol. iv. p. 367. 
GASTRlL'OQUIbT,/ [from yaruf, Gr. the belly 
and Ivquor, Lat. to fpeak.] One who ipeaks from his 
belly, without feeming to move his lips. The fame as 
Ventrii.oQuist. — Gajlriloquijis zxz perfons, who have 
acquired the art of moditying their voice, fo that it atfects 
the ear of the hearers, as if it came from another perfon, 
or from the clouds, or from under the earth, Reid. 
GASTRPTISj^i [Greek; from, the domach.] 
An inflammation of tlie domach. 
GASTROBRAN'CFiUS, f. in ichtliyology, the 
blind-flfli, a genus of chondropterygious iiflies, didin- 
guiflied by two little, fpiracles, or air holes, under the 
belly. 'J. his animal was fird noticed by Kalin,, as a 
fpecies of lamprey; Linnaeus (who has been followed 
by many naturalids) deferibed it as a w'orm, making it 
his genus Myxine, next to the blood-fuckers or leaches; 
but Modeer, Retzius, Abilgard, Bloch, Cepede, Tiir- 
ton, and Shaw, conCder it a fifh. In order to account 
for this diverfity ofopinion amongd men of liich literary 
eminence, we fliallbemore particular in delineating its 
external and internal conformation, and have devoted 
an entire plate to the fubjeft. 
GAS *27ii 
I, Gadrobranchus ciecus, the blind-fiih. Specific 
charaiiler, no eyes, length not more than twelve inclies. 
The utmod endeavours have in vain been taken to dif- 
cover the optical organs, fo extremely neceffaryin pro¬ 
viding nouridimcnt and food ; and doubtlefs, as they are 
wanting, this aniinai mud be endowed with the fenfe 
of feeling in an exquifite degree, tliat it may thence di.L 
cover its food, and elcape danger. It is diaped like an 
eel, and is uniform in thicknefs quite to the tail ; verv 
dippery; tlie fides are reddifli, the belly white, the back 
bluidi. The mouth opens underneath, and is of an ob¬ 
long fliape, like that of the lamprey ; tliere are two 
barbies, or feelers, on each fide the mouth, and four 
above ; between thefe lad, there is an aperture, fio, 
I. a. through which the filli, w'hen it has fadened upon 
any thing, fpirts out the water it had fucked in ; and 
this aperture has a valve, which the fidi can clofe at 
pleafure. There are two rows of teeth like a comb, 
the fliape of which is feen at fig. 4. il>. there are nine 
in the upper range, eight in the" lower, and tl.ey are of 
a bony lubdance, not cartilaginous as in the lamprey. 
In the palate thyreis a wrinkled membrane furrounding 
an oblong flit, fig. 3. a. by which tlie water palfes to the 
aperture mentioned above; behind this flit is a recurved 
tooth, fig. 4. a. and then comes the aperture of the 
throat- The wrinkled membrane mentioned above is 
fuppofed by Cepede to be the organ of finell. There 
is no tongue, noflrils, lateral line, fcales, pedloral or 
ventral fins. The dojfal, anal, and tail, fins, are low, 
or narrow, and run into one, furniflied with foft flexible 
rays, wF.ich cannot be counted becaufe of the thick 
membrane which covers them. Down both fides, from 
head to tail,, is a row of little apertures, fig. i, cc. which 
produce a vifeous humour in great abundance. The 
two gills appear on tlie belly, as at fig. 2. a. and the 
anus is a long flit, fig. 2. I/, there is a projecting line 
between them. 
On the fubjefl of the vifeofity, or flime, produced by 
this fifli, Kalm writes as follows : “ 1 put one of thefe 
fifh into a large vefiel of frefli fea-water ; in one hour 
the water was filled with a white clammy matter, like 
clear tranfparent glue; with a quill or dick it might be 
drawn out in threads, v/hich would dry in tlie air; on 
dirring it about, this flime would dick about the in- 
drument to the thicknefs of an inch, and then appeared 
like a covering of ice ; at lad the water became fo thick, 
that, drawing it out in ropes, the fifh was brought away 
with it. Frefh water was poured in ; which, in about a 
quarter of an hour, became nearly as thick as the fird. 
And I have been affured, that a boat half-full of water, 
if only one ot thefe fiflies were left in it, would, in a fev' 
hours, be entirely converted into this gluey matter.” 
This fifh, one would fuppofe, might be ufed with profit 
in the making of glue ; but hitherto we believe this has 
never been done. The vifeofity, or flime, is probably 
given to this animal as a defence from danger, to which 
the want of fight mud continually expofe it. This fifh 
is ten or twelve inches long; it is found in Denmark, 
Sweden, Norway, and Greenland. It can live only three 
or four hours out of the water. Among its lingularitiea 
mud be reckoned its mode of feeding, or gaining its 
nourilhment: it fadens by fudtion upon fome fifli, and 
with its comb-fhaped teeth tears their flefh, and tliey 
cannot ftiake it oft, becaufe it hooks itfelf dill more fe- 
curely by means of the recurved tooth which we have 
deferibed in the palate; but it feenis impoffible tliat 
this fifh diould find its way by the anus into the body 
of the gadus callarias, or afellus, to gnaw its infide, as 
Gunner alferts; it is much more probable that thole 
fifhes in whofe body this has been found,, liave fwallowed 
it, as they are mollly voracious fifli within whom it is. 
faid to have been found. 
It will appear from what has been faid, that the out- 
ward ftriRture of this fifh is different in many points 
from all others hitherto kaown< Its interior conforma- 
tioe. 
