272 ■ GAS 
tioi'i differs no iofs. Removing tiie ficjn from the neck, 
a long, round, hollow, mufcle, appears, fig. 3. b. which 
encloi’es a longer conical mufcle, which eafily feparates, 
fi .4.. dd. The interior mufcle terminates towai ds ilie 
jaws in two broad tendons, the exterior in tv/o narrow 
tendons. Thefe mufcles contain feveral parcels of fila¬ 
ments running tranfverfely. Beiiind thefe mufcles is 
she gullet, whici), without widening much, palfes to 
the intefiinal canal, and this runs, without any finuofi- 
ty, to the anus ; but tlie canal has feveral folds running 
lengtiiwifc. Tlve aqueous velfels begin at fig. 3. and 4. 
cc. and conduct the water into fmallcr veffels leading to 
the back and its vofi’els; the aqueous vefiels at fig. 4. ee. 
carry tiie water towards the mouthj fig. 3. ee. whence 
it runs out, or elfe paffes through the aperture above. 
The heart, fig. 3. Jfi fends the blood to each yeficle 
through a branch, of the great artery whicli covers the 
heart, and which divides into an infinity of fmall vefl'els. 
The large arteries and their l.ranches being rerhoved, 
there appear along the I'plne of the back as many veins, 
fig. 4--J}. conduCiing tlie arterial blood to the vena 
cava, which fends it back to tlie heart. This arrange¬ 
ment cools the blood by means of tlie fmall vefl'els, 
which, in otlicr fillies, is performed by the gills and their 
apiertures. The lampreys, the rays, and the fliarks, 
have aifo fixed and immoveable gills; they breathe 
therefore-as this does, wdth this difference, firft, that 
tlie blood-vefi'els are there feparated by a fkin fomewhat 
bending, wdiile thefe velT'els in the prefent lubjeCt are 
llrctched upon a rounded fkin ; fecondly, the former 
fuck in water through feven apertures, tiie latter has 
but two for that purpofe. As the lhark h.is five 
gills, tlie lamprey feven, our fifli, which has fix, fiiould, 
in tlie fyftem, be placed between thefe two genera, 
kloivever, this is not tlie only fifn with vcficular gills; 
tlie little fea-liorfe lias vefl'els iiifiead of fringes at the 
gills. 
■ The liver is in two parts, fig. 3. gg. of whicli tlie, 
lower is the largeft. On one fide the intefiinal canal 
appear the eggs, fig. 3. h. on the other a long and nar¬ 
row kidney, i. the eggs are held together by a very thin 
membrane. Anotlier fifh which was examined contained 
befides thefe fmall eggs, feveral others of an oblong 
fiiape, of the fize reprefented at fig. 4. gggg- they lie 
along the fpine of the back, from the diaphragm nearly 
to the aiuis Tliel'e eggs differ confiderably from thofe 
offifhesin general; they refeinble tlie ova of ferpeiits. 
And in tJiis fifh the vent is much longer than in moft 
otjiers, and like the Jihrus afcitvs\ but whether tlie eggs 
are hatched in the belly of the animal, 16 as to make tins 
fifh belong to the viviparous clafs, can only be deter¬ 
mined by accurate obfervers.on the Ipot where they 
breed. The pituitary glands are ranged on each fide, 
as at fig. 4. ilk. their outward orifices have been already 
fiiewn at fig. i. cc. 
2. Gaftrobranchus magnus, the large blind-fifh. Spe¬ 
cific cliarafter, no eyes, length more than twelve indies. 
This is deferibed by Cepede from a dried fpecimen 
brought to the national mufeum at Paris by Dombey, 
and never noticed before.' It is evidently of the fame 
family, but belongs to another climate, being found 
about Chili, and probably in other parts of South Arne- 
rica. It Ls at leaf! twice as long and thick as the pre¬ 
ceding; the head is rounded, and thicker than the body; 
there were four barbies from the upper lip, but from 
the decayed flatc of the fpecimen it could not be deter¬ 
mined whether there had been two depending from the 
lower lip, or not. The teeth were fliarp, comprefl'ed, 
triangular, and difpoled in two circular rows, the outer 
rovv coiififting of twenty-two teeth, the inner of four¬ 
teen ; a tootii longer than the rell, and bent backwards, 
appears in the upper part of the mouth. The natural 
colours of this filh could not be determined. The tail 
i.s fiiort, rounded at the tip, and its-fin unites to the anal. 
Thefe are the only fins; they are very Ihort, hardly per- 
G A T 
ccptible, snd confining of membranes, but the rays soiild 
nor be difeerned in the dried fpecimen. 
G AS'TROCELE, f. [Greek; from yarnp) the ftomacli, 
and yrger,, a tumour or hernia.] A tumour orrupturc of 
the ftomach. 
GASTROCNE'MIUS,/. [Greek; fromyaritp. abclly, 
and jivnic/j, the leg.] A miiiclc forming the belly or tliick 
part of tJie leg. 
GAS TROCOL'ICUS, y. [Greek; from -ya.r'cp, the fio- 
mach, and koXov, the colon.] A medical term ap.plied to 
a vein which -proceeds from the ftomach to tlie colon. 
GASTRODYN'I A,/.[Greek;fromyar>jp,the ftomach, 
and oS'cifc, pain.] A pain or diforder in the ftomach. 
GAS'I ROL'ATER, _/! [from ,;p, llie belly, and 
Gr. to worlhip.] A glutton, one tiiat makes a 
god of his belly. Scett. 
GASTROL'OGy,y. [from ya-iip. the belly, andAoyo;, 
Gr. a defeription.] A treathe on the ftomach and 
omentum. 
G AS'd ROMANCY,yi [ya-iip, belly, a.n&jj.x'/’eta, Gr. 
divination.] A Ipecies of divination praCtifed among 
the ancients by the art of the ventriloquiii, or bywords 
feeming to come out of the belly. There is another 
kind of divination called gez/lroinancj/, wliich is performed 
by means of round tranl'parent glalfes, within which cer¬ 
tain figures appear by magic art ; and fo called, becaufe, 
the figures appear as in tlie iW'y of tlie velfels. 
GASTROR'APHY, y [7ar»p paTr'fw, Gr.] In 
ftrichiefs of etymology this word fignifies no more than 
fewing up any wound of the belly ; yet in common ac¬ 
ceptation it implies, that the wound of the belly is com- 
plicated with another of the inteftino. Sharp. 
GASTRO'l'OM Y, y. '\_gaJlrotmnia, Lat. of yair^p, the 
belly, and rsp-i/i), to cut.] 1 he operationof cutting open 
the belly and uterus, as in the Cicfarean operation. 
GAT, the preterit ol get. —Mofes gat him up into 
the mount. Ex. xxiv. 18. 
GA'TA, a town of Spain, in the province of Eftrama- 
dura, on a river of the fame name : fifteen miles north, 
nortli-weft of Corea. 
GA'l'A, a river of Spain, whicli rifes near the town 
of Gata, and runs into the Alagon, fifteen miles fouth. 
weft of Corea. 
GAi'AKER (Tiiomas), a learned Engllfh divine, 
critic, and coinmciuator, born in the parfonage-houfe of 
St. Edmund the King, in London, of which parifli his 
father was incumbent, in 1574. He gave early indica¬ 
tions of an uncommon genius, a moft retentive memory, 
and furprifing applicatio’n. Having palfed through the 
clalfes in the grammar-fehool at lixieen years of age, 
he was fent in 159010 Sr. John’s college, Cambridge, 
wliere he diftinguiflied himfelf by the exemphirinels and 
modefty or his manners. He became an early proficient 
in the Greek tongue, and at the fame time made himfelf 
mafter of the Hebrew ; and he was lield in i'o high efteem 
for his learning and piety, that tlie truliees of Sidney 
college, of which tl'ie foundation was laid in 1596, ap¬ 
pointed him one of the fellows of that inftitution, even 
before the building was erected. He at length quitted 
the univerfity, and, about the year 1601, he was elected 
preacher to the fociety of Lincoln’s Inn, the duties of 
which he difeharged for ten years, much admired and 
careli'ed by his refpedtable and learned auditory. In 
1603, he took his degree of bachelor of divinity at Cam¬ 
bridge; and in 1611, Itaving entered into the matrimo¬ 
nial ftate, he was prelentea to tlie rectory of Rother- 
hithe, in Surry, with which he was importuned to retain 
his former ofr.ee; but lie refigned it, to the great regret 
of the learned body who had fo long profited under his 
miniltry. Attef entering on his new cure, he applied 
himfelf to the difeharge of his paftoral functions with 
great diligence and fidelity, notwithltanding that for a 
long time lie was afflicted by an almoft perpe4ual hcad- 
ach, to which, very probably, his late and early ftudies 
did not a little contribute, Mr, Gataker now main- 
i tained 
