G A U 
GAT'TEN-TREE, y. The cornelian cherry. See 
Co Kii v s mafcula, vol,v. p. 212. 
GATTEVIL'LE, a town of France, in-the deparU 
ment of tljie Channel, a little to the north of Barfleur. 
GATTINA'RI, a town of Italy, in tlie lordlliip of 
Verc Hi, on the Sefia : it contains one parochial and 
feveral other churches and convents: fix miles fouth of 
Borgo di ’Scfia, and fifteen miles north of Vercelli. 
GAT'TON. See Agatten. 
GAT'TON, au ancient borough in the county of 
Surrey, three miles from Ryegate, and twenty from 
London. It was formerly a confiderable town, thougli 
now reduced to a fmall village. From the number of 
coins and other antiquities found here, it is fuppofed to 
have been a Roman ftation. It was once deftroyed by 
the Danes. It is a borough by prefcription ; and has 
lent members to parliament ever fince the 29th of Henry 
VI. The river Mole rifes at Gatton ; where it is noted 
for a valuable qqarry of white free-flone. 
GAU, Gaw, Go u, or Gow, a termination in the Ger¬ 
man language, which fignifies country, canton, or diftrict. 
GAV'ALS, a town of Ruffia, in th government of 
Viborg : twenty-eight miles fouth of Viborg. 
GAVAN'TI (Bartholomew), a learned Italian writer, 
boi'n at Monza, in the Milanefe, about the year 1568. 
He entered into the congregation of clerks regular of 
St. Paul, called Barnabites, at Milan, and applied with 
great diligence to the ftudy of the Greek and Hebrew 
languages, theology, and ecclefiaftical antiquities. The 
reputation to w hich he rofe for his acquaintance with 
the ceremonials of the Romifh church, its rubrics, and 
difcipline, occafioned his being called to Rome by pope 
Clement VIII. who appointed him to one of the prin¬ 
cipal ports in the congregation of rites ; and he was alfo 
elefted general of his order. He died at Milan in 1638, 
in his leventieth year. He was the author of a work 
entitled Thejaurus Sacrorum Rituum, ( 3 c. which made its 
firft appearance in 1627. It confifts of a commentary on 
the Rubrics of the Mirtal, and Roman Breviary, which 
has been very widely circulated, and palfed through 
more than tv/enty editions, of which the bert was pub- 
lifiied at Turin, with additions, by Merati, in 1736- 
1740, five volumes 4to. with engravings. An abridg¬ 
ment of it in the Latin language, and a tranfiation of the 
fame into French, by Claude Arnaud, were publifhed 
at Paris towards the middle of the feventeenth century. 
Gavanti was alfo the author of Maniiak Epifcoporum, 4to. 
and a Latin treatife On the Manner of condudling Dio- 
cefan Synods, 1639, 4to. 
GAU'BIL (Antony), a diftinguifhed Jefuit, born at 
Caillac, in 1708. He was lent by his fociety as a mif¬ 
fionary into Cliina, where he parted thirty-fix years, 
fupporting by his artronomical knowledge and general 
fcience, ihat refpedfability which the Jefuits above all 
other Europeans have maintained among a people of 
fuch diflimilar manners. He obtained a knowledge of 
the Chinefe hirtory and literature, which furprifed the 
learned natives themfelves. He publifhed A l-iiflory of 
Gentchifcan, and of all the Dynafty of tlie Mongous his 
Succertbrs, Conquerors of China; drawn from the Kif- 
tory of China; Paris, 1739, 4to. Gibbon fays of it, 
■“ This tranfiation is llamped with the Chinefe character 
®f domertic accuracy and foreign ignorance.” He alfo 
gave a tranfiation of the Chouking; Paris, 1771, 4to. 
and he fent feveral memoirs to'father Souciet and Freret, 
which they have ufed in their v orks. This learned and 
laborious father died in 1759. 
GAU'BIUS (Jerome-David), profertbr of medicine at 
Leyden, and fellow of the royai fociety of London, born 
in i7'05, at Fieidelberg. He received the firrt part of his 
education among the Jefuits; but a fear left he fliould 
be obliged to abjure his religion, induced his father to 
place him under the care of Franke, in the Orj;han-houfe 
of Halle. 1 he difcipline in this eftablifhnient, to which' 
he had been entirely unaccuftomed, was fo fevere, that 
he begged to be removed from it, and with this requelt 
I ' 
GAU 275 
his father complied, and fent him to Amrterdam to his 
brother John, a celebrated practitioner in medicine. His 
attention was now devoted to the ftudy of phyfic, which 
he afterwards purfued with more diligence at Hardwyk, 
wliere he refided a year; but the great celebrity of Boer- 
haave induced him to repair to l.eyden, and this proved 
to him a fortunate change, as the penetrating eye of that 
immortal pliyfician foon difeovered the latent genius of 
his pupil, and thofe talents by which he afterwards dif¬ 
tinguifhed himfelf. 'When Boerhaave, opprert'ed by his 
great labours and increafing years, had refolved to re- 
fign his chemical chair, Gatibius, in confequence of his 
recommendation, was appointed to fucceed him. In 
1738, he publifhed his InftruCtions for writing Recipes, 
which gained him great and def'erved efteem. But the 
moft important of his works, is his Principles of Nolb- 
logy, in which he fnewed himfelf not unworthy of his 
great preceptor. He next publifhed, in 1771, Adverfaria 
varii Argtmenti, which was particularly interefting to che- 
mifls; and in 1775 he excited confiderable notice by Iiis 
oration, delivered on the two-hundredth anniverfarv of 
the foundation of the academy of Leyden, in which he 
traced out the principal epochs of the arts and fciences 
in Holland. Befides th'efe and other works, Gatibius was 
the author of feveral papers in the Tranfadlions of the 
Society of Haerlem, and fuperintended new editions of 
different works, fuch as, Cramer’s Llenienta Artis Docmiajliae, 
Lug. Bat. 17.49 ; Albinas de Prefagienda Vita & Morte, ibid. 
1733 : and he had a great fhare in the tranfiation of Sv/am- 
merdam’s Book of Nature. He enjoyed the happinefs of 
continued good health to his feventieth year, and died 
on the 29th of November, 1780, at the age of feventy- 
five. His works, befides thofe already mentioned, are, 
Injlitutiones Pathulogicce Medicinalis, Lug. Bat. 1758, 8vo. 
The fcarcity of this valuable manual of pathology in 
Germany, and its great utility in academical leClures, 
induced profeflbr Ackerman of Altdorf to give a fourth 
edition of it, at Nuremberg, in 1787, with a great many 
additions, which tend partly to illuftrate obfeure paf- 
fages of the original,'and partly contain new difeoveries. 
De Regimine Mentis quod Medicorum eji, Sermo prior (3 alter, 
Lug. Bat. 1747, 1764, 8vo. Argent. 1776, 8vo, 
GAUDE, y. [The etymology of this word is uncer¬ 
tain : Skinner imagines it may come from gaude, French, 
a yellow flower, yellow being the moft gaudy colour. 
Junius, from oeyavoi;-, and Mr. Lye finds inDoug- 
lafs, to fignify deceit or fraud, irom gioawdio, 'Welfh, to 
cheat. It feems moft eafily deducible from 
Latin, joy; the caufe of joy; a token of joy: thence 
aptly applied to any thing that gives or expreffes plea- 
fure.] An ornament; a fine thing; any thing worn as a 
fign of joy. It is ?iot now much ufed-. 
He ftole th’ impreflion of her fantafy, 
'With bracelets of thy hair, rings, gaudes, conceits. 
Knacks, trifles, uofegays, fw’eetineats. Shakejipeare, 
Some bound for Guinea, golden fand to find. 
Bore all the gaudes the fimple natives wear ; 
Some for the pride of Turkifh courts defign’d. 
For folded turbants fineft hoiland bear. Dryden. 
7 b GAUDE, V. a. \_gaudeo, Lat.J To exult; tore* 
joice at any thing : 
Go to a goflip’s feaft, and gaude with me, 
After fo long grief fuch nativity. Shakefpeare. 
GAU'DEN, or Gawding (John), an eminent Englifh 
prelate, born in 1605, at Mayland, in Elfex, of which 
parilh his father w as minifter. He received his gram¬ 
mar-learning at Bury St. Edmund’s; whence, atfixteen 
years of age, he was fent to St. John’s college in Cam¬ 
bridge. About the year 1630, he married a daughter 
of fir William Ruff'el, bart. of Chippenham, in Cam- 
bridgeftiire, and, removing to Oxford, became a mem¬ 
ber of Wactham college. In 1635, he was admitted to 
the degree of bachelor in divinity ; and was afterwards 
appointed diaplain to Robert earl of Warwick, and pre_ 
ferse 
