G A U 
feired to tlic reftory o 'Briglitwell, in Berkfliire, and to 
the vicarage of Chippenham in Wilrs. The earl of 
Warwick’s politics being in diredl oppofition to thofe of 
the court, his cliaplain'embraced the fame fide, and 
preached a fermon before tlie houfe of commons in-No¬ 
vember, 1640, which proved fo acceptable to them, that 
they voted him a prefent; and in 1641, he proceeded to 
the degree of dodtor of divinity, and was prefented by 
tlie parliament to the,valuable deanery of Bocking, in 
Itlfex. When the covenant was under difeuflion in th.e 
houfes of parliament. Dr. Gauden publiflted a treatife 
againfl it, entitled. Certain Scruples and Doubts of 
Confcience about taking the Solemn League and Cove¬ 
nant, &c. 1(143, 4to. but after fubfeription to it was 
enjoined by the votes of tlie lords and commons, he com¬ 
plied, and by that means retained his valuable livings. 
During the year 1648, the celebrated treatife entitled 
Hf.'.uv BacrAty.v), or the Portraiture of his Sacred Majefty 
King Charles, in his Solitude and Suft'erings, was firth 
}>rintcd, and before the clofe of it went through feven- 
tcen editions in England, befides different impreflions on 
the continent. That Dr. Gauden was the principal in- 
llriimcnt in bringing it before tlie public, cannot be dif- 
puted ; and that he had a contiderable fliare in drawing 
it up, feems upon the whole more probable than that it 
was a production of king Charles himfelf. By aferibing 
this treatife to the king, however, the moll favourable 
iniprellions w'ere created, both at home and abroad, of 
his piety, mceknefs, and humanity ; and lord Shaftelbury 
Itippofes that it contributed, in a great nieafure, to pro¬ 
cure for him in the church, the titles oi'/aint and martyr. 
Dr. Gauden allb ptiblillied, Hierafpijia, or, a Defence of 
the Minillty and Minifiers of the Church of England, 
i< 3 53, 4to. The Cafe of Minifiers Maintenance by Tythes, 
})lainly difeufi'ed in Confcience and Prudence, 4to. A 
Treatife of Chrifiian Marriages, 16 54, 4to. A petition¬ 
ary Renionrtrance to Oliver, Protector, 1659, 4to. and 
; Ecckfiie Angiicana Sujptria: the Tears, Sighs, 
Complaints, and Prayers, of the Church of England, 
fetting forth her former Confiitution, compared with her 
prefent Condition; alfo the vifible Caufes, and probable 
Cures, of her Difiempers ; in four Books, 1659, folio. 
After the death of bilhop Brownrigg, in 1659, Dr. 
Gauden was chofen his fuccelfor as preacher at the Tem¬ 
ple ; and upon the refioration of Cliarles II. in the tol- 
iowing year, he was made chaplain to his niajefiy. He 
now zealoufly devoted himfelf to further all the mea- 
fiires of the court; and in a few months he publifned his 
Antifacrilegus^ or a Defenfative againfi the Plaufibleiiefs 
or gilded Poifoii of that namelefs Paper (luppoled to be 
the plot of Dr. Cornelius Burgefs and his partners) 
which attempts the King by the Offer of 500,000!. to 
make good by an A6t of Parliament to the Purchafers 
of Bifiiops, &c. Lands, or illegal Bargain for ninety- 
nine Years, 4to. his ANAAYSIS: the loofing of St. Pe¬ 
ter’s Bands; fetting forth the true Senfe and Solution 
of the Covenant in point of Confcience, fo far as it re¬ 
lates to the Government of the Church by Epil'copacy, 
4to. and his Analyfis of the Covenant, 4to. Dr. Gauden 
was not fo modefi but that he could plead with tire king 
the merit of his fervices to the church in thefe per¬ 
formances, and could dwell particularly on the honour 
which he liad been the means of rendering to his father’s 
memory, by publifhing the E»xwv ; in recom- 
pence of winch he was promoted to the vacant fee of 
Exeter, before the clofe of the year 1660. That ap¬ 
pointment proved a very beneficial one; for, from the 
fines for the renetval of leafes, which had not been levied 
during the abolition of epifcopacy, in a few months he 
reaiifed the fum of twenty thoufand pounds. But his 
ambition w'as not I'atisfied, and he lofi no opportunity of 
urging the king to tranflate him to a better fee; alleging 
that Exeter had a high rack but a loco manger, and pleading 
his defect and great fervices. In the mean time he went 
©n pubiilhing different treatifes in defence of the liturgy 
sf the church of England, together with the Life of 
G A V 
Mr. Hooker; and when, by the death of bifiiop Duppa, 
in 1662, a vacancy' took place in tire rich fee of Vfin- 
chefier, bilhop Gauden ap;plied to the king to become 
his fuccefibr; but his majefiy thought proper to beftow 
it on Dr. Morley bilhop of Worcefier, and Gauden v/as 
forced to be contented with a tranllation to the fee whiclt 
had been jufi quitted by his more fortunate rival. The 
dilappointment of Itis ambition had fuch an effedl upon 
him, that it brought on a violent malady, which put an 
end to his life foon after his removal to his new bifiiopric, 
when he was about fifty-feven years of age. 
GAUDEN'TIUS, a faint in the Romilh calendar, and 
bilhop ot Brefcia at the end of the fourth and beginning 
of the fifth century. We find no particulars related con¬ 
cerning him before his election to the fee of Brefcia, in 
tlie year 387. He was one af the deputation fent to Con- 
ftantinople in 404, or 405, by Honorius and the Weftern 
bilhops, to appeafe the emperor Arcadius’s refentment 
againfi St. Chryfofiom, and to intercede for his peace¬ 
able re-efiablifiinient in his fee. How long he lived af¬ 
ter this is uncertain; fome writers placing his death in 
the year 410, and others in 427. To him has been ge¬ 
nerally attributed The Life of Philaficr, which may be 
found in Surlus, under the 18th of July ; and he was the 
author ot fifteen Difeourfes, and other treatifes on dif¬ 
ferent fubjedts, addrelfed to Benevolus, one of the molt 
conliderable men in Brefcia; Letters, and other pieces, 
whicli are inferted in the fifth volume of the Bibliotheca 
Patrum. The laft and molt complete edition of his 
works was publilhed at Brefcia, in 1738, folio, together 
with thofe ot Philafier, under the inlpection of cardinal 
There was another Gaudentius, who flourifiied at 
the lame time with the preceding, and was a bifhop 
among the Donatifis in Numidia. He wrote two Apo¬ 
logies in defence of his letl, addrelfed to the tribune 
Dulcitius, the emperor’s lieutenant in Africa ; in con- 
fequence of which he was involved in a controverfy of 
fome continuance with St. Augufiine. And there was 
allb a third prelate of the fame name, and of fome cele¬ 
brity, who lived about the commencement of the fifth 
century, and filled tlie fee of Novara. 
GAU'DERY,J(; Finery; ofientatious luxury of drefs. 
—The triumph was not pageants and gaudery, but one 
of the wifefi and noblefi inllitutions that ever was. Bacon, 
A plain fuit, lince we can make but one. 
Is better than to be by tarmih’d gaud’ry known. Dryden, 
GAU'DIES, f. pi. Double commons, the commons 
allowed on gaudy days. 
GAUDIL'OQHOUS, adj. \^gaudium, joy, and loquer, 
Lat. to 1 peak.] Declaring good news. Scott. 
GAUDIA'NO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and province of Bafilicata; ten miles north-eafl 
of Venofa. 
GAU'DILY, adv. Showily. 
GAU'DINESS, y. Showinefs; tinfel appearance. 
GAU'DISCHKEHN, a town of Prufiian Lithuania, 
fituated qn the Angerapp : five miles eaft-fouth-eafi of 
Gumbinnen. 
GAU'DIUM,y [mn chadah, to rejoice.] Joy ; a term 
with phyficians tor a plealant commotion of the fpirits. 
GAU'DY, adj. Showy; fplendid; pompous; olten- 
tatioufly fine : 
Cofily thy habit as thy purfe can buy, 
But not exprefi in fancy : rich, not gaudy, 
For the apparel oft proclaims the man. Skakefpeare. 
GAU'DY, y. \_gaudium, Lat.] A feafi; a fefiival ; a 
day of plenty. A word ajed in the univerjity. —He may furely 
be content with a fait to-day, that is lure of a gaudy to¬ 
morrow. Cheyne. 
GAVE, tlie preterite oigive; 
Thou can'll not every day give me thy heart; 
If thou can’ll give it, then thou never gav’Jl it: 
Love’s riddles are, that though thy heart depart, 
It Hays at home, and thou with lofing fav’ll it. Donne. 
GAVE, 
