i? 7 S 
G A U 
G A U 
the time I.e continues unmarried, -without having flay 
ilFue by his t^’ife; but if he marry, lie fliall forfeit his 
tenancy by the curtefy. Co. Lit. iii. ]f tlie liufband had 
ifl'ue by liis wife, and Hie die, he fliall be tenant by the 
curtefy of the whole land; and though he marry, he 
’fliall not forfeit his tenancy, i l.il. Aur. 649. It was for¬ 
merly fnppofed, tluit although a father was attainted of 
treal'on or felony, the heir of gavelkind land fliould in¬ 
herit; for the cuftoiu, as was faid, was, ‘ the fatlier to 
the bough, and the Ton to the plough.’ DoEL & Stvd. 
c. 10. I 5 ut it has been held, that, in matters of treafon, 
ivhich Ilrikeat the foundations of policy and governnient, 
even gavelkind lands are forfeitable, and always were. 
All lands in Kc;it lludl be taken to be gavelkind, ex¬ 
cept thofe which are difgavelled by particular ftatutes-. 
I Mod. 98. If lands are alleged to be in Kent, it fliall be 
intended that they are gavelkind, if the contrary doth 
not appear. 2 S/tf. 153. liyHalcCh.J. Gavelkind law 
is the law of Kent, and is never pleaded, but prefumed ; 
and it has been held, that the fuperior courts may take 
notice of gavelltind generally without pleading: though 
not of tlie fpecial cultoni of devifing it, which ought to 
be pleaded fpecially. Cro. Car. 465. Littzu. 236, 754. 
The gavelkind defeent of lands in Ireland was an in¬ 
cident to the cufloin of Taniflry : and as fuch fell to the 
ground with its principal, in confequence of a folemn 
judgment againfl; the latter i.n a cafe aun. 5 Jac. I. But 
in the reign of queen Anne the policy of weakening the 
Roman-catholic interell in Ireland was the caiife of an 
Irifli ftatute to make the lands of papills defcendible ac¬ 
cording to the gavelkind cuftom, unlefs the heir con- 
formed within a limited time. Hob. on Gavelk. c. 17. How¬ 
ever, now by an Irifli ftatute of the prefent reign, 17 and 
18 Geo. III. C.49, the defeent of the lands of papifts is 
again reduced to the courfe of the common law. i Injl. 
i'j6. n. I. 
GA'VELKOVEN, a tov/n of Germany, in Lower Ba¬ 
varia : twenty miles fouth-eaft of Landlliut. 
GAVEL'LO, formerly an epil'copal town of the Vene¬ 
tian ftates, belongs at prefent to the kingdom of Italy : 
it is v/ell-peopled, and lituated on the road of Ferrara. 
GAV'ELMAN,^. A tenant liable to tribute. And 
hence gavelkind has been thought to be land in its na¬ 
ture taxable. Blount. 
GAV'ELMEDjyi The duty or work of mowing grafs, 
cr cutting of meadow land, required by the lord from his 
cuftomary tenants; ConJ'uetudo Jalcandi qua: vocatur gavel- 
rned. Somn. 
GAU'ER, a river of Scotland, which forms a commu¬ 
nication between Loth Ly.doch and Loch Rannock. 
GAV'EREN, a town of Flanders, on the Scheldt: 
feven miles from Ghent. 
GAV'EPvEN. SeeV/AVEREN. 
GAU'KR.S, a town of Sileiia, in tlie principality of 
Neifle : live miles north-north-w'eft of Patl'chaii. 
(i.ftVE'TA (L;i),' a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and yrovlr.ee of Capitanata : fixteen miles fouth- 
I'oiuli-weft of rvlanfredoiiia. 
GAUG AME'L.ft'i in ancient geography, a village of 
Auu'ia, lying between the rivers Lycus and Tigris; fa¬ 
mous for Alexander’s victory over Darius. It was not 
far from a more conlldeiable place called Arbe.la ; whence 
tl.e latter gave the name to tiie viitory. See Areej.a, 
vol. i._p. 37—3S. 
To GAUGE, v.a. ova gauge, jauge, Fr. a meafuring- 
rod. It is pronounced, and often written, gage.^ To 
inealiire with refpeCf to tlie contents of a velil-l. To 
laeafure with regard to any proportion.—'I'he vanes 
nicely gauged on each tide, broad on one lide, and nar- 
Toiv on tile otlier, both which minifler to the progreflive 
.motion of tlie bird. Derha-n. 
GAUGi'i,yi A iuealure; a ftand;u'd.—-If money were 
to be hired, as land is, or to be had from the ovvr.er hini- 
felf, it might tlien be liad at tl.e market rate, which 
would be a coiiflant^ja^/gc of your trade and wealth, loc.ke. 
G AUG E-LINE, yi A line marked on the common ■ 
gauging rod, ufed for the purpofe of gauging liquids. 
GAUGE-POINT,y. iiifolid inealure, is the diameter 
of a circle, wliofe area is expreflsd by the fame number 
as the folid content of that meafure. Or it is the dia¬ 
meter of a cylinder, whole altitude is i, and its content 
tlie fame as that meafure. Thus, the folid content of a 
wine gallon being 231 cubic inches; if a circle be con- 
ceived to contain fo many fquare inches, its diameter 
will be i 7‘I5; which is therefore the gauge-point for 
wine meafure. And an ale gallon containing 282 cubic 
inches; by the fame rule, the gauge-point for ale mea¬ 
fure will be found to be iS-q;. And after the fame 
manner may the gauge-point for any other meafure be 
determined. Hence it fullows, that when tlie diameter 
of a cylinder in inches is equal to the gauge-point in 
any meafure, given likewife in inches, every inch in its 
length will contain an integer of the fame meafure. So 
in a cylinder wliofe diameter is 17'13 inches, every inch- 
in height contains one entire gallon in wine meafure; 
and in anotlier, whole diameter is iS‘95, every inch in 
length contains one ale gallon. 
GAU'GERjyi An.officer appointed by the comrnif- 
floners of excife, to gauge, .meafure, or examine, all 
calks, tuns, pipes, barrels, hogflicads, of beer, wine, oil, 
&c. before-they are permitted to be fold or otherwife 
difpofed of. 
GAU'GING, yi The art of meafiiring the capacities 
or contents of all kinds of veli'els, and determining the 
quantity of fluids, or other matters contained within 
them. Thefe are principally pipes., tuns, barrels, riind- 
lets, and other calks ; alio backs, coolers, vats, See. As 
to the folid contents of all prifniaticai'Velfels, as cubes, 
parallelopipedons, cylinders, See. they are found by mul¬ 
tiplying the area of the bafe by thelV altitude. And the 
contents of all pyramidal bodies, and cones, are equal 
to i-3d of the lame.. 
In gauging, it has been ufiial to divide c \Iks into four 
varieties or forms, denominated as follows, from the I'lip- 
pofed refeinblance they bear to the fruftums of follda 
of the fame names: viz. i. The middle fruftum of a 
fpheroid ; 2. The middle fruftum of a parabolic fpindle; 
3. The two equal fruftums of a paraboloid ; 4. The two 
equal fruftums of a cone. And particular rules, adapted 
to each of thefe forms, may be found in moft books of 
gauging. But as the form is imaginary, and only guelfed 
at, it hardly ever Itappens that a true folution is brought 
out in this way; befidcswhich, it is very troublefome and 
inconvenient to liave fo many rules to put in praftice. 
We lhall th.erefore give one rule, which is not only ge¬ 
neral for all calks that are coimnonly met with, but quite 
eafy, and very accurate. Thus, add into one lum, 39 
times the fquare of the bung diameter, 25 times tike 
fquare of the head diameter, and 26 times the produdt 
of thofe diameters; multiply the fum by the length of 
the cafle, and the produft by the number -00034; Ikea 
this laft produCft divided by 9 will give the wine gallons, 
and divided by ii will give the ale gallons. 
Or, 39B2 25H2 -|- 26BH X is the content in. 
114 
inches; which being divided by 231 for wine gallons, 
or by 282 for ale gallons, will be the content. Fo.r- 
Example: If the length of the calk he 40 indies, the 
bung diameter 32, and the head diameter 24; 
Here - 32^ x 39 = 3993 ^ 
and - 2+2 X 23 = 14400 
and 
32 X 24X 26 
19968 
the linn - 7.4304 
multiplied by - .40 
and divided by 114)2972160 
gives - 26071 cubic indies j, 
this divided by 231 gives 112 wine gallons, 
or divided by 282 gives 92 al? gallons. 
Gaugi.vg bji the Diagonal Uqd, is a method adapted 
• ■ for 
