G A U 
G A Y 
v> 
t'a(lcn;imare, he was never more heard of; and it was 
conjcchired tliat he vvas murdered and thrown into tlie 
fca, in confequence of the difcovery of an amour which 
he had with a lady of rank. 
GAU'RUS, a mountain of Campania, famous for its 
wines. Lucan. 
GAUTHI'ER, or Gaulthier (.[ohn Baptift), a 
French ccclcfiaftic, and voluminous writer, born at Lou- 
viers, in 1685. After being educated in grammar learn¬ 
ing at his father’s hoiife, he was fent to the college of 
Harcourt at Paris, w'here he went through his courfe of 
philofophy ; and in 1704, he entered on a courfe of theo¬ 
logy in the I'chools of theSorbonne. This he completed 
in 1706, and might have been admitted to his degrees, 
if he had not embraced the Janlenift opinions, which 
would not permit him to fubferibe to the requifite for- 
iuularies, and particularly to an approbation of the bull 
Unigenitus. He now entered into the feminary of 
St. Magloire, where he purfued liis theological ftudies 
with induftry and luccefs, and acquired much elfeem by 
the exemplarinefs of his manners, the modelly of his 
converfation, and the ardour of his piety. Returning 
afterwards to his native place, he was admitted into 
/ub-deacon’s orders, and commenced a feries of cateche¬ 
tical le6turcs to young people, and of conferences for 
the inlirudbion of junior ecclefiaftics. The reputation 
w Inch he acquired in thefe employments attracted the 
notice of M. le Normand, bifliop of Evreux, who pre- 
vailed upon him to enter into his family, where he ap- 
jilied himfelf clofely to the hudy of ecclefiadical anti¬ 
quities. But in this fituation he could not efcape his 
hiare of the troubles with which thofe of his party were 
liarafled by the Jefuits, after the year 1713 ; and being 
obliged to quit the diocefe of Evreux, was received into 
the houfe of M. de Langie, bilhop of Boulogne, By 
that prelate he was admitted into prielt’s orders, and, 
nfter taking his degrees in law', nominated to a canonry 
in his cathedral. M. Gauthier’s fentiments, however, 
proving a bar to his taking poileflion of that benefice, 
the bilhop made him his prodtor, and afterwards his vi¬ 
car-general. From this time M. Gauthier was the bo. 
fom friend and counfellor of his benefadlor, who em¬ 
ployed him in eftablifhing and condudfing conferences 
among his ecclefiaftics, and availed himfelf of his pen 
in various publications, particularly in the Letters and 
Memoirs, which he printed during his difpute with the 
archbilhop of Rheims, in 1723. After the death of 
M. de I.angle, Gauthier retired to Paris, w'here he fpent 
the remainder of his days in fupport of the party with 
whom he had embarked againft the Jefuits. He loft his 
life in 1755, in confequence of an injury he received by 
being overturned in a carriage on his journey from Ev¬ 
reux to Paris, at which time he was leventy-one years 
of age. His writings bear telHmony to the author’s 
learning and acutenefs, but at the fame time ftiew that 
his pen was not unfrequently dipped in gall. They are, 
I. The Poem of Pope, entitled an EITay on Man, con¬ 
victed of Impiety, 1746, 121110. 2. Letters intended 
to forearm tile Faithful againft Irreligion, i2mo. 3. The 
Jefuiis convicted of obftinately lanCtioning the Pradtice 
of Idolatry in China, 1743, 12010. 4. The Life of 
M. John Soanen, Bifliop of Senez, 1730, 8vo. 5. The 
Perlian Letters convicted of Impiety, 1751, 121110. 
6. A fiiccindl Hiftory of tlie Parliament of Paris, dur¬ 
ing the Troubles at the Commencement of the Reign of 
Louis XIV. 1754, 121110. 7. A poftliumous production, 
entitled. Theological Letters, in which the Sacred 
Scriptures, and the Faith of the Church on the Subjedls 
of the Myfteries of the Trinity and the Incarnation, are 
vindicated and maintained, in Oppofition to the impious 
and focinian Syftem of Fathers Berruyer and Hardouin, 
Jeluits, 1756, in 3 vols. i2mo. Prefixed to the firft 
volume is a lliort life of the author; and to the third is 
lubjoined a tranllation by him, from the Greek into 
VoL. VUI. No. 502. 
French, of that valuable remain of Chriftian antiquity. 
The Epiftle to Diogiietus. 
GAUTS. See Ghauts. 
GAUZE, f. [from gazcy becaufe it may be feen 
through.] In commerce, a very thin flight tranfparent 
kind of ftiiff, woven fometinies of filk, and fometimes 
only of thread. To warp the filk for making of gauze, 
tliey life a peculiar kind of mill, upon which tlie filk is 
wound. "I'liere are alfo figured gauzes; foiiie with 
flowers of gold and lilver on a filk ground, which are 
chiefly brought from China. 
GAUZEPOUR', a town and pergunna or diftridf of 
Hindooftan, fituated on the eaftwaid of Benares, in tiie 
territory of the nawmib or nabob of Oude. 
GAW'AIN, GAW'EIN, a woman’s name, fifter to 
king Arthur. Chaucer, 
GAW'DED, adj. Fluflied: 
Our veil’d dames 
Commit the war of white and damalk in 
Their nicely gawded cheeks. Shakefpeare, 
GAW'ILE, or Gyalgur', a towm of Hindooftan, in 
the country of Berar: twenty miles north-iiorth-weli of 
Ellichpour, and feventy-five weft of Deogur. 
GAWK,/! [jeac. Sax.] A cuckow. A foolifli fel¬ 
low. In both fenfes it is retained in Scotland. 
GAWN, f. [corrupted from gallon.'^ A fmall tub, or 
lading velfel. A provincial word. 
GAW'NAGH LOUGH, a lake of Ireland, in the 
county of Longford, fifteen miles nortli-eaft of Longford. 
GAWN'TREE, f. [Scottifli.] A wooden frame oa 
which beer-calks are fet when tunned. 
GAW'RAH, a river of Hindooftan, wliich runs inta 
the Ganges, five miles north of Canoga, in the country 
of Oude. 
GAY, adj. [French.] Airy, cheerful, merry, frolic i 
Smooth flow the waves, the zephyrs gently play; 
Belinda linil’d, and all the world v/ASgay .— 
Ev’n rival wits did Voiture’s fate deplore. 
And the gay mourn’d, who never mourn’d before. Pope, 
Fine ; fliowy.—A virgin that lov'es to go gay. Bar. vi. 9. 
GAY,/. An ornament; an embelliflinient.—Morofc 
and untradfable fpirits look upon precepts in emblem, as 
they do upon^ajs and piftures, the fooleries of fo many 
old wives tales. L’E/range. 
GAY (John), an eminent Englifli poet, born near 
Barnftaple in Devonlhire, in 168S. He was defeended 
from an ancient but reduced family ; and, after receiving 
a flight education in the free-fehool at Barnftaple, was 
put apprentice to a filk-mercer in London ; but he foon 
Ihewed his dillike to fuch a ftation, and feparated from 
his mafter after a few years’ negligent attendance. It is 
not improbable that a tafte for poetry might have been 
infufed into him by his Barnftaple fchoolmafter, Mr. 
Luck, who piibliflied a voluipe of Latin and Englilh 
verfes. Poetical compo/itron appears, at leaft, to have 
been his purfuit from the time of his releafe : and in 
1711 he gave to the public his Rural Sports, inferibed 
to Pope, then a young poet of the fame age with him¬ 
felf, but riling faft to literary fame. This compliment, 
joined with the unalTuming temper of Gay, laid a foun- 
dation of mutual friendfliip which death alone could di¬ 
vide. Gay was indolent and improvident, and his inter- 
courfe with wits was not likely to improve his pecuniary 
circumftances; he therefore accepted an ofl'erin 1712, of 
reliding with the duchefs of Monmouth in quality of her 
fecretary; an office, probably, only confidered by her as 
an appendage of that princely rank which flie affebfed. 
This aft'ordedhim fufficient leifure to continue his court 
to the mufes, and the fame year produced his mock- 
heroic poem entitled Trivia, or the Art of Walking the 
Streets of London. In a prefixed advertifement he ac¬ 
knowledges himfelf indebted for feveral hints to Dr. 
Swift, to whole tafte fuch a feries of comic delineation 
4 C vvas 
