214 
G A Z 
ufed if) tlie manufaflure of foap ; but this manvifaiture 
has lately declined. The principal branch of commerce 
is turmflicd by the caravans, -vvlhch pafs and repafs be¬ 
tween Egypt and Syiia; and efpetially the plunder of 
ti'.ofe and otiier caravans whicii tlie Arabs.bring thither, 
and dii'pcfe of at a fmall part of thereal value. It is the 
iclidence of a Turkifli pacha: fifty miles fou'h-wefl: of 
Jeru'alctn. Lat. 31. 28. N. Ion. 52. 30. E. Ferro. 
GA'ZA (Theodore), a learned Greek, native of 
T heilalonica; alter the defl:ru6tion of which city by the 
1 urks in 14.30, he toojc refuge in ftaiv. He put himfelf 
to thefchool of Vittorino da Feltre at Mantua, in older 
to learn Latin, at the fame time aflifting his mafter in 
teaching- Greek to his I'cholars; and fuch was his appli¬ 
cation, that in three years he acquired the Latin language 
10 perfectly as to become'one of the moft eloquent wri¬ 
ters of it in Itis time. He was a profefibr in the univer- 
hty of Feifara from 1441 to 1450, and was appointed its 
liril re( 5 lor upon its reform under the duke Leonello. 
Me there taught Greek from a grammar of liis own com- 
poiirion, and explained fome of the orations of Demolt- 
henes. Before this period he was in fuch a hate of indi¬ 
gence as to be obliged to copy Greek manuferipts for a 
livelihood. From Ferrara he went into the fervice of 
pope Nichohts V. and alfo obtained the munificent pa¬ 
tronage of cardinal Bell'aribn, who took him into his 
houfe, and placed fo much confidence in his integrity, 
as to entruft him with large fums of money. After the 
pope’s death he was fome time with king Alphonfo at 
Naples ; upon whole deceafe he returned to Rome. In 
tlie time ot Sixtus IV. hefinilhed his tranllation of Arif- 
totle upon Animals, .undertaken at the inllance of Ni¬ 
cholas V. and prefentedit to his holinefs ; but receiving 
from him only the paltry reward of fifty crowns, he is 
laid in a fit of indignation to have thrown tlie money into 
theTyber. He then returned to Ferrara, and afterwards 
retired into Calabria, where it is probable that he died 
in 1478, though fome w'riters make Rome the place of 
liisdeatli. Tlieodore Gaza was one of the molt learned 
of thole ofliis country who imported Grecian literature 
into the Well, and lias been highly commended by the 
principal fcholars of that time. His Greek Grammar 
Was tirll printed by Aldus in 1495, together with his 
treatife On the Grecian Months.' He tranflated from 
Greek into Latin, befides Ariftotle’s w'ork upon Ani¬ 
mals, the Aphorifms of Hippocrates, and Commeataries 
upon them by Galen ; Theophrallus on Plants ; the Pro¬ 
blems ot Alexander Aphrodifeus; j 9 ilian’s Tadtics; 
Dwnyfius Halicarn. de Cornpqfitione Orationis ; fome Homilies 
ot John C'hrylollom; and fome other works. He alfo 
tranflated Cicero dc SeneElute and Somniun Scipionis from Latin 
into Greek; and likewife a work of Savonarola. He en¬ 
gaged in the controverfy between the Platonills and 
Ariftotelians, and compofed a work againll the notions 
of the former. 
GAZA'LI, furnamed Abou Hamed Mohammed 
Zeim eddin al Thousi, was one of the moft cele¬ 
brated of the muflulmandodtors, born at Thous, a town 
in Khorafan, in the year 450 of the Hegira, or 1058 of 
the Chriftian aera. Nezam Almulk gave him the ap¬ 
pointment of profellbr in the college which he had 
founded at Bagdat, under the reign of Malec Schah ; 
but Gazali relinquiflied this fituationfor the fake of em¬ 
bracing a life of retirement and ftudy ; and after having 
made the pilgrimage to Mecca, he returned to his na¬ 
tive country, where he died in the year 305 of the He¬ 
gira. The reputation which he acquired by his learning 
and virtues, occalioned him to be diftinguillied, in the 
oriental maimer, by many magnificent titles. Being 
alked what means he had ufed to arrive at that eminence 
infciencc to wh.ich he had attained, he anlwered, “ that 
he had never been alliamed to alk for information on 
fubjebls concerning which he was ignorant.” His moft 
famous production is entitled Ahia clown Eddin, or The 
G A Z 
difrerent ClafTes of the Sciences which relate to Religion, 
He was alfo the author of another wmrk, entitled Anis fil 
ova'hedat, or the'Companion of Solitude, attributed to 
Ahoii Uamel al G. 4 'z ali, wdio is laid to have died in the 
year 705 of the Hegira; and he is to be diftingniihcd 
from another Gazali, furnamed AH'Rai Cofaibah, who 
died in tJie year 878 of the Hegira, and was the author 
ot a work entitled EJlehaihdth al meraliem, or Tlie Means 
of obtaining the Mercy of God. 
GAZ'ARA or Ga z era, a I'trong fortrefs in Paleftine, 
where a detachment of the army of Gorgias, under Ti¬ 
mothy, retreated after tlieir defeat by Judas Maccabeus; 
and after fuftaining a fiege of four days, tlie place was 
carried by ftorm, and 'I'imothy himfelf llain. It was 
again fortified by Simon the fuccelTor of Judas, and oc¬ 
cupied by John and the forces under Iiim. i Macc. iv. 
15. xiii. 53. xiv. 34. xvd. i. 19. 2 Macc. x. 32. See. 
To GAZE, V. n. fGr. or rather ^^epean, 
Sax. to fee.] To look intently and earneftly; to look 
vvith eagernefs.— Gaze not on a maid, that thou fall not 
by thofe tilings that arc precious in lier. Ecclef ix. 3._ 
A lover’s eyes will gaze an eagle blind. Skakcjpeare. 
High ftations tumults, but not blifs, create; 
None think the great unhappy, but tlie great. 
B'ools gaze on envy ; envy darts a fting, 
Which makes a fwain as wretched as a king. Young, 
To GAZE, v.a. To view ftedfaftly: 
Strait toward heav’n my w'ond’ring eyes I turn’d. 
And gaz'd awhile the ample Iky. Milton, 
GAZE, A- Intent regard; look of eagernefs or won¬ 
der ; fixed look.—Pindar is a dark writer, wants con¬ 
nexion as to our iinderftanding, foars out of fight, and 
leaves his readers at a gaze. Dryden. 
With fecret gaze. 
Or open admiration, him behold, 
On whom the great Creator hath bellow’d 
Worlds. Milton', 
The objedl gazed on : 
I mult die 
Betray’d, captiv’d, and both my eyes put out; 
Made of my enemies the fcorn and gaze ; 
To grind in brazen fetters, under tafic. 
With my heav’n-gifted ftrength. Milton. 
GA'ZEFUL, adj. Looking intently ; 
The brightnefs of her beauty clear. 
The ravilli’d hearts of gazeful men might rear 
To admiration of that heavenly light. Spenfer, 
GA'ZEHOUND, f. [jeze-hunb, Sax.] A large 
fpecies of grey-hound, anciently ufed in chafing deer. 
See the article Canis, vol. iii. p. 718. 
See’ll thou ihe gazehound! how with glance fevere 
From the dole herd lie marks the deftin’d deer! Ticket. 
GAZ'EL, in zoology. See the article Capra, vol. iii. 
^'gA'ZEMENT,/. View: 
Then forth he brought his fnowy Florimele 
Cover’d from people'’s gazement with a vele. Spenfer, 
GA'ZER, f. [from gaze,'\ He that gazes; one that 
looks intently witheagernefsoradmiration.—His learned 
ideas give him'a tranfeendent delight; and yet, at tlie 
fame nme, difeover tlie blemilhes which the common 
gazer never obferved. IVatts. 
In her cheeks the virmil red did fhew. 
Like roles in a bed of lilies Ihed ; 
The which ambrofial odours from them threw, 
And gazers fenle with double pleafure fed. Spenfer. 
GA'ZER, the name of the place to which David 
purfued 
