G E isr 
able, as a large colleilion of fragments of ancient au¬ 
thors, not elfewliere to be found. Whatever place cri¬ 
tics may agree to atlign to Aulus Gcllius among Romaiv 
authors with refpecl; to Latinity, he will not be denied 
the praife of diligent refearch, and extenfive erudition. 
This work was fird edited, in folio, at Rome, in 1469, 
by Sweinheim and Fanartz, and notes on thre author 
were publilhed the fame year at Rome by the learned 
John Andreas, billiop of Aleria. The fecond edition 
was publifhedin 1472 by Jenfonat Venice ; feveral other 
editions appeared in the fifteenth century. Among the 
editions of the lixteenth century are thofe of Aldus, in 
8vo. at Venice in 1515 ; at Paris with the notes of Badius 
Afccnfius, in folio, 1519, 1524, and 1536; at Bafil, in 
Svo. with the notes of Mofellaiuis, in 1526; and, at 
Paris, with the valuable critical refearches of Henry 
Stephens, in 8vo. 1585. Later editions, worthy of no¬ 
tice, are, in 8vo. in ufwn DeljMni, 1681, in i8mo. by the 
pilzevirs, at Amflerdam, 1651 ; nan Noth Variorum, at 
Leyden, 1660; by Gronovius, in 4to. 1706; and, at 
Leipfic, in two volumes 8vo. by Conradus, in 1762. A 
very elegant tranllation of this amufing, but in many 
parts obfeure and difficult author, with ufeful notes, 
was given in Englifli, in three volumes 8vo. by Mr. 
Beloe, in 1795. 
GEL'LY, [ge/afw, Lat. ] Any vifeous body; vif- 
cidity; glue j gluey fubltance.—The white of an egg 
w ill coagulate by a moderate heat, and the hardeft of 
•animal I'olids are refolvable again into_gr///«. Arbuthnot. 
The tapers cf the gods. 
The fun and moon, become like waxen globes, 
T he fhooting liars end all in purple gf//la. 
And chaos is at hand. Drydai. 
GEL'LY CAPRN, a mountain of Scotland, in the 
county of Perth : eight miles north of Creilf. 
GEL'MAH or Kalmah, a town of Africa, in the 
country of Algiers : fifty miles call of Conflantina. 
GELMU'DEN orGEi.MUYEN, a town of the United 
Dutch States, in OverifTel, fituated on the fouth fide of 
the Vecht, near the Zuyder See : fix miles eaft-north- 
eall of Campen, and three fouth-eaft of Vollenhove. 
GELNTIAUSEN, a town of Germany, in the (jircle 
of the Upper Rhine, and county of Hanau Munzenburg, 
on the Kintzig ; declared imperial by a fentence of the 
chamber of juftice, in 1734; but the count of Hanau 
and the elector Palatine, to whe^m it was mortgaged, 
refufed their confent: and the town is now fubjedt to 
the count of Hanau, who purchafed the eledtor’s Ips-re : 
twelve miles ealt of Hanau. Lat. 50. 7. N. Ion. 26. 48. 
E.. Ferro. 
GE'LON, king or tyrant of Syracufe. SeeSvRACUsE. 
GELOS'GOPY, yi [y'Aoc, laughter, and CaiTCiU, Gr. 
to view.] A kii\d of predidtion drawn from the manner 
in which any one laughs. Scott. 
GELSEMTNUM, yi in botany. See Bignonia and 
Jasminum. 
GELTjy". [fromgr/t/.] A cafirated animal ; gelding. 
Not ufed. —The fpayed gelts they efteem the molt profit¬ 
able. ifortimer, 
GELT, the participle palfive of geld. —Let the others 
.begtf/t for oxen. Mortimer. 
GELT, y'. [corrupted for the fake of rhyme from 
g.’/t.] Tinfel; gilt furface : 
I won her with a gird.le oigelt, 
Embolt with bugle about the belt. Spenfer. 
GELT, a river of England, in the county of Cum- 
feerland, which runs into the Irting, about a mile fouth- 
ealt from Brampton. 
GEM, y. \_gemma, Lat.] A jewel; a precious Itone 
of whatever kind.—The bafis of all gem is, when pure, 
wholly diaphanous, and either cryltal or an adamantine 
matter; but we find the diaphaneity of this matter 
clianged, by means of a fine metallic matter. Woodward. 
VoG. Vill. No. 503. 
S E M 
Slones of fmatl worth may lie unfeen by dav ; 
But night ilfelt does the rich gem betray. Cowley. 
Feature.^ of men who onfame’.i lilt enroll’d, 
Gave life and lullre to the world of old; 
Worthies, whole llatues fail’d time’s flood to Item, 
Yet live effulgent in the deathlefs jm. 
The firll bud ofaiiy thing: 
From the joints of thy prolific Item 
A fwelling knot is raifed, call’d tt gem ; 
Whence, in Ihort fpace, itfelf the clulter Ihows. Denham. 
In mineralogy, the word gm denotes all fuch Hones as 
are confidered by mankind as precious. Thefe are tiie 
diamond, the ruby, the fapphire, the topaz, the chryfo- 
lite, the beryl, the emerald, the hyacinth, the amethylt, 
the garnet, the tourmalin, the opal; and to thefe may be 
. added, rock cryltal, the finer flints or pebbles, the cat’s 
eye, the oculus mundi or hydrophanes, the chalcedony, 
the moon-ftone, the onyx, the cornelian, the fardonyx, 
agates, and the Labrador Itone ; for all which, I'ee under 
their refpedtive titles in this work ; and the article Mi¬ 
neralogy. —With refpeT to theii lullre and colour, 
the diamond is valued for its tranfparency, the ruby for 
its purple, the fapphire for its blue, the emerajd for its 
green, the hyacinth for its orange, the amethylt carneol 
for its carnation, the onyx for its tawny, the jai'per, 
agate, and porphyry, for their vermilion, green, and 
variegated colours, and the garnet for its tranfparent 
blood-red. Thefe gems are found more or lei's coloured 
and fpotted, and fomelimes quite limpid and colourlefs. 
In this cafe the diamond-cutter or poliflier knows how 
to diltinguilh their different fpecies, and appreciate their 
value, by their different degrees of hardnefs upon the 
mill. For the cutting or polifhing of gems, the fine 
powder of the fragments of thofe that are next in de¬ 
gree of hardnefs is always required to grinff away the 
Ibfter ; but as none of them are harder than the diamond, 
this can only be poliflied by its own powder. 
With regard to the texture of gems, M. Magellan 
obferves, that all of tjiem are foliated or lamirtated, and 
of various degrees of hardnefs. Whenever the edges 
of thefe laminae are fenlible to the eye, they have a 
fibrous appearance, and reflcdl various lhadesof colour, 
which change fuccefiively according to their angular 
pofition. Thefe are called by the French chatoyantes ; 
and what is a blemifli in their tranfparency, often en¬ 
hances their value on account of their rarity. But when 
the fubltance oLa gem is compofed of a broken texture, 
confining of various fets of lamjna: differently inclined 
to each other, it emits at the fame time various irradia¬ 
tions of different colours, which fucceed one another 
according to their angle of pofition. This kind has ob¬ 
tained the name of opals, and are valued in proportion 
to the brilliancy, beauty, and variety, of their colours. 
T'heir cryllallization depends on the fame caufe which 
produces that of falls, earths, and metals, which fee 
under the article Crystallography, vol. v. p. 414 
-425. 
Of factitious GEMS. 
Fablitious or artificial gems are commonly called 
pajles •, many of which poffefs all tlie lullre and brilliancy 
of real gems, but want their hardnefs. The art of com¬ 
pounding fattilious gems is both interelting and ingenious; 
and has long formed a very conliderable branch of the 
jeweller’s trade.—The rules to be obferved in making 
the bafes or palles are, i. That the veffels in whicli 
they are made be firmly luted, and the lute left to dry 
before they are put into the fire. 2. That fuch veffels 
be chofen for the work as will belt refill the lire. 
3. That the powders be prepared on a porphyry Itone ; 
not in a metal mortar, wliioli would comiminicate a fo¬ 
reign tinge to them. 4. That the jult proportion in 
the quantity of the feveral ingredients be nicely ob- 
4 F ferved. 
