G E M 
which the author exhibits twelve t'andamental articles 
of the Platonic religion, and gives an elegant compen¬ 
dium of the whole Platonic philofophy. 
GEM'ITUS, f. [from gemo, to groan.] The medical 
term for groaning: the noife made by a perfon in pain. 
GEM'MA,y'. in botany, the bud or rudiment of the 
embryo leaf or blolFom, called alfo the^m. It confifts 
of ftipules, or petioles, or cortical fcales; hence buds 
or gems are called Jlipular, peliolar, or cortical. See Bo¬ 
tany, vol. iii. 
GEM'MA {Reinier), a learned Dutch mathematician, 
born at Dockum in Frielland, in 1508. He was educated 
to the medical fcience, of which he became a profelTor 
in the univerfity of Louvain. But he was moi'e eminent 
for his proficiency in mathematics and aftronomy, which 
he taught with diftinguilhed reputation, and the cha- 
radter of being one of the bell alironomers of his time. 
The fame of his great feientific knowledge, and of the 
excellent inftruments which he made ufe cf in the illuf- 
tration of it, occafioned his being frequently invited to 
the court of the emperor Charles V. but he always mo- 
deflly declined the overtures made to liim, preferring 
the tranquillity of his literary retreat to the honours 
which he might expedf from princely favour. He died 
at Louvain in 1555, at forty-feven years of age. He had 
the furname of FrIJius given him, from the country in 
which he was born. The moft celebrated of his works 
were, i. Metlwdus Arithmeticie. 2. De Ufa Annuli ajlrono- 
mki. 3. Dc Locornm dcfcrihendoriim Ratione, deque D:Jiantiis 
ejrum inveniendis. 4. Libcllt/s de Principiis AJlronomia & Cof- 
mographia, ( 3 c. 5. Dancnjirationcs Geonittrica de Ufu Radii 
ajironcmici, ( 3 c. 6. De AJlrolabio Catholico Liber. Gemir.a 
had a fon, named Cornelius, born at Louvain in 1535, 
and died in 1579. He was a poet, philofopher, and phy- 
lician, and taught the mathematical fciences at Louv.un 
with confiderable reputation. He was the author of, 
I. Dc Arte Cyclognomica, ( 3 c. 2. De Naturce divinis Charac- 
terifmis, feu Cqfmocritico. 3. De prodiginfa Specie Naturaque 
Cometa, occafioned by the extraordinary new ftar in tiie 
conflellation Calliopcia, in 1572, 
GEM'MARY, adj. Pertaining to gems or jewels.— 
The principle and affeftion is its trajisfluency : 
as for irradiancy, which is found in many gems, it is not 
difcoverable in this. Brown. 
GEMMA'TION, f. [^gemmatio, Lat. from gemma, a 
bud.] In botany, the formation of buds ; in mineralogy, 
the formation of gems. 
GEM'MEOUS, \jTcnmnts, Lat.j Tending to gems. 
—Sometimes w e find them in the gemmeous matter itielf. 
Wood ward. — R e f e m b 1 i n g ge m s. 
GEM'MI, a mountain of Sw'HTcrland, making part 
of the great chain which feparates the canton of Berne 
from the Valais: twenty miles call of Sion. 
GEIViMIF'EROUS, ad-j, \_gemma, a gem, and fero, Lat. 
to bear.] Bearing gems; producing jewels. Cole. 
GEMMIP'AROUS, adj. [from gemma, a bud, and pa- 
rw, Lat. to produce.] Producing; bearing buds. 
GEMMCJS'Il Y, y. I'he quality of being a jewel. 
GEMO'NA, on tlie road from the Venetian territory 
to Germany, is an old but opulent borough, where all 
merchandif s coming from Germa'ny are detained and 
iearched by officers of the cultoms ; its diftrift contains 
two villages, and two thoufand inhabitants. 
GEMO'HAj .a tow n of Italy, in the country of Friuli, 
taken by the Frem h republican army in the beginning 
of 1797 : twelve miles north-north-wefl from Udina. 
GLMO'M-/Ll SCA'LfE, or Gradus GEMONiijy". 
Among the Romams, the place or rather the inflrument 
by w hich criminals fuflered oeath, fimilar to the gallon's 
or gibbet in England. Some fay they were thus deno¬ 
minated from the ] erfon who railed them ; others, from 
the firfl; criminals that fufi'ered on them ; and others, 
from the verb gemo, “ I figh or groan.”— 'the gradus ge- 
monii, according to Publius Vi(5tor or Sextus Rutus, was 
a place raifed on feveral fieps, from whence they preci, 
pitated their criminals; others reprefent it as a place 
VOL.VIII. No. 504, 
GEN 3 ()() 
whereon offenders were executed, and afteiwards ex- 
pofed to public view. The gemonia; Jcalce were in the 
tenth region of tlie city, near the temple of Juno. Ca- 
millus hi ft appropriated the place to this ufe, in the 
year of Rome 3 j8. 
GFlMO'NIS, f. [Gr. from to be full.] The 
eagle-ftone ; fo called becaufe it was thought to affift 
women in travail. 
GFfMO'TE, f. A meeting: the .-ourt of the hundred. 
Obfolete. 
GEM'OZAC, a town of France, in the depiartment 
of the Lower Charente, and chief place of a canton, in 
the diftrift of Saintes: three leagues and a half fouth 
of Saintes, and one and three quarters weft of Pons. 
GEM'UND, or Gmund, an imperial town of Ger- 
many, in the circle of S-wabia. The magiftracy is chofen 
out of the body of the people. Its affeflinont in the ma- 
tricula of the empire w'as 142 florins ; and the tax to the 
chamber of Wetzlar lOi rixdollars 41 kruitzers : twen¬ 
ty-four miles eaft of Stuttgart. Lat. 48. 46. N. Ion. 27. 
24. E. Ferro. 
GEM'UND, or Gemunden, a town of Germany, in 
the circle of Franconia, and bifhopric of Wur-zburg, on 
the north fide of the Maine, whereit isjoined by the uni¬ 
ted ftreams of the Saal and the Sinn : thirty-feven miles 
eaft of Frankfort, and twenty-five weft of Schweinfurt. 
GEM'UND, a town of Germany, in the duchy of 
Carinthia: ten miles north-eaft of Saxenburg, and thirty- 
two north-weft of Clagenfurt. Lat. 46. 56. N. Ion. 31. 
14. E. Ferro. 
GFJM'UND, or Gemunden, a town of Germany, in 
the archduchy of Auftria, fitualed on the Traun See; 
celebrated for its falt-works : twenty-four miles fouth- 
fouth-wefl of Lintz, and 108 vveft-fouth-weft of Vienna. 
Lat. 47. 56. N. Ion. 31. 33. E. Ferro. 
GE'MUND, a town of Germany, in the archduchy of 
Auftria: twelve miles north-north-weft of Zv.etl, and 
fixty-eight north-weft of Vienna. Lat. 48. 32. N. Ion. 
32. 42. £. Ferro. 
GEM'UNDE, a tov/n of Germany, in the circle of 
Weltphalia, and duchy of juliers, on the Ruhr: forty- 
one miles wcft-noi th-welt of Coblenrz. Lat. 50. 37. N. 
Ion. 24. 2. E. Ferro. 
GEMUN DEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
the Upper Rhine, and county of Leiningen ; famous for 
its fairs : three miles eaft of Wefterburg. 
GEMUN'DEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
the Upper Rhine, and principality of Heffe-Caffel : fix- 
teen miles fouth-weft of Fritzlar, and twenty-eight fouth- 
weft of Caffel. 
GEMUR'SA,yi [from^OTio, Lat. to groan.] An ex- 
crel'cence growing between the toes ; fo called from the 
pain it occafions in walking. 
GEN-TSING, a town of China, in the province of 
Se-tchuen : eighty.feven miles north-welt of Hoei-li. 
GENA'DEL, a mountain of Africa, in the country of 
Nubia, over w'hich the Nile palfes, and forms a cataradi, 
forty-five miles north of Jalac. 
GE'NAP, or Geneppe, a town of Brabant, fituated 
on the Dyle : five miles eaft of Nivelle. 
GENBERA'BA, a town of Perlia, in the prov’ince of 
Irak : one hundred miles eaft of Ainadan. 
GEN^AY', a town of France, in the department of 
the Vienne, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrift 
of Civray : four leagues north-north-caft of Civray, 
and four fouth of Poitiers. 
GEND'ARMES,Gens d’Armes, or men at arms,/, in 
the French armies, a denomination given to alelett body 
of horfe, on account of their fucceeding the anci'ent 
gendarmes, who were thus called from their being com¬ 
pletely clothed in armour. 
GEN'DER, y. Lat. gendre, Fr.] A kfiid ; a 
fort: 
The other motive. 
Why to the public court I might not go, 
Is the great love the general gender bare rac. Shake/ 
4 K A 
