GEN 
ftreets, fettingup frightfiil cries for peace ; and a gene, 
ral infurreftion againll ihe French would liave enfued, 
if the efforts of the French foldicrs to reftrain it had 
not been fcconded by a number of individuals among 
the inhabitants. But the illufions of hope, at lad, va- 
niflied. Frovifions were entirely exhauded, even the lad 
liorfes and dogs were confumed, when Malfena received 
a letter from general Mclas, inviting him to an inter¬ 
view with lord Keith, and the generals Otto and St. Ju¬ 
lian, who offered him a capitulation on tiie moll honour¬ 
able terms. To this fird overture, lie replied, that-lie 
would condder of it; though, in reality, lie had nothing 
to condder. The day after, he received another mef- 
fage with the lame terms. He then fent the adjutant- 
general Andreaux, under pretence of fome budnefs re¬ 
lating to the prifoners, to Rivolo, in order that he might 
receive the propofals of the allies, and enter, witliout 
any further delay, into a negocia'tion for peace. 
The fird article of capitulation propofed by the al¬ 
lies, was, that the army Ihoiild rettirn to France, but 
that the general fliould remain a prifoner of war. 
“You, fir, (faid lord Keith to Malfena,) are worth 
twenty thoufand men.” But Madena laid, “ that no 
negociation would be gone into, if the word capitula¬ 
tion was to be made ufe of.” On the 4th of June, the 
allied generals, having given up their fird propofal, re- 
fiimcd the negociation. In the mean time, the city of 
Genoa, containing a population of one hundred and 
fixty thoufand fouls, though a prey to all the horrors 
of famine, remained quiet. A great number of old 
people, w omen, and children, reduced to the neceffity 
of attempting to ludain nature by herbs, roots, and im¬ 
pure animals, died of difeafes or inanition. This 
melancholy pifture was daily exliibited to view by the 
rifing fun. Mothers were found dead with hunger, 
and children, at the bread, alfo dead, or dying. 
On the 4th of June, 1800, the principal articles for 
the evacuation of Genoa were agreed upon between the 
French adjutant-general Andreaux, on the one part, 
and major-general Red, a dafl' officer in the imperial 
fervice, with the Engliffi captain Rivers, on the other. 
On the 5th, lord Keith, commander of the combined 
naval forces in the Mediterranean, general Otto, com¬ 
mander of the blockade of Genoa, with general St. Ju¬ 
lian, who was charged with the political part of the 
negociation, were met by general Malfena, commander 
in chief of the French army in Italy. Each of thefe 
parties was accompanied by only two or three gentle¬ 
men. In this conference, Malfena difplayed much 
French finelfe under the cloak of an apparent gaiety, 
which formed a complete contrad with the gravity of 
the other contraaing party, and was attended with this 
advantage, that it did not look as if he was greatly 
alarmed for the fitiiation of his army. And it was, 
perhaps, owing to that eafe and gaiety of manner that 
he obtained, in the end, all that he had demanded. In 
the whole of the conference, lord Keith treated Maf- 
fena, as the general hinifelf acknowledged, in a very 
civil and liberal manner. His lordlhip difclairaed all 
hard conditions, and faid, “ General, the defence you 
have made has been fo heroic, that it is impoffible to., 
refufe you any thing you afk.” At length, Malfena 
figned the treaty for the evacuation of Genoa, and the 
contrafting parties mutually gave hofiages. The Au- 
ftrians took polfeffiou of the gates of the city, and the 
Englifii of the entrance into the harbour. The battle 
of Marengo, however, foon after, changed tlie fate of 
Genoa ; it was again furrendered by general Melas to 
the French, and again the Ligurian republic vi&s fora ftort 
period eftabliffied. Bonaparte was crowned king of 
Italy on the 26th of May, 1805 ; and it was expected 
that Genoa would foon be made an appendage to that 
newly-created kingdom. He however thought fit to 
unite it, not to his kingdom of Italy, which was to pafs 
into thq hands of another perfon, but to the French 
GEN 327 
ptre. This took place on the 2d of June following. 
The reafon affigned for incorpora.ting this territory with 
France, was the refufai of Great Britain to acknowledge 
the Ligurian republic. The ancient Ligiitia is now di¬ 
vided into tliree department, of which Genoa, Savona, 
and Cfiiavari, are the clfief cities. 
The city of Genoa is about ten miles in circumfe¬ 
rence, and^lefended towards the land by a double wall. 
Several baffions are erected along the fea-fliore, on rocks 
which rife above the tvater. d he Hreets are in general 
narrow, but clean and well-paved; two, called the 
Strada Nuova and Strada Ualbi, are filled wirli magnificent 
palaces, built with marble. It is the fee of an aichbi- 
Ihop. The cathedral is built in tlie Gothic Itylc, and 
paved witii black and white maible, in the treafury of 
which is preferved a curious hexagon dilh, faid to be of 
a fingle emerald, found at Cefurea in tlie time of the 
crufades, which the Genoefe received as their fiiare of 
tlie plunder. This precious mineral is now dilcovered 
to be nothing more than coloured glafs, as noticed under 
the article Gem, p. 301 of this volume. Befides the 
catliedral, it contains thirty-two parilli churches, many 
of wliicli are magnificent, and adorned with fculptures 
and pictures by the bell mailers. I'he doge’s palace is 
large, without decoration, except two ffat.ucs of John 
Andrew Doria and Andrew Doria, larger than the life, 
at the entrance. The arfenal contains curious arms and 
military machines, models for bridges, the armour worn 
by a number of Genoefe women in the crufades, a fliield 
containing 120 piffols, made by Julius Cefaf Vccche, for 
the purpofe of all'affinating the doge and fenate at one 
time. Other public buildings, entirely of marble, are 
the Albergo, which ferves as a poor houfeand houf of 
correilion, where is a beautiful relievo, tiic Virgin (up- 
porting a dead Chriff, by MicJiael Angelo ; and the Af- 
lumption of the Virgin, in white marble, by Puget, an 
inimitable piece of fculpture ; a large holpital for the 
fick ol all nations and religions ; the Confervatory, for 
educating and portioning 300 poor girls ; and a great 
number of palaces belonging to the nobility. They 
reckon at Genoa lixty-nine convents of men and women. 
The buildings are in general of marble. Yet it is not 
extravagance, but neceffity, which compels the ufe of 
this material; the furrounding mountains abounding 
w'ith nothing elfe but quarries of that beautiful ftone. 
The number of inhabitants is ellimated at 160,coo : 
fixty-three miles fouth of Milan. Lat. 44. 25. N. 
Ion. 26. 35. E. Ferro. ^ 
GEN'OLHAC, or Genouillac, a town of France, 
in the department of the Gard, and chief place of a 
canton, in the diffribl of Alais : five league^ north-weft 
of Alais, and ten weft of Pont St. Efprlt. 
GENO'SA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Na¬ 
ples, and province of Otranto ; ten miles fouth-eaft of 
Otranto. 
GENOVE'SI (Anthony), a celebrated Neapolitan 
philofopher, born in 1712, at Caftiglione, in the diftridl 
of Salerno. His father deftined him from his earlieft 
years to the church; and with this view had him in- 
ftriidted in the Latin language and the peripatetic phi- 
lofophy, which was then prevalent in all the fchools. 
In his lixteenth year he pofiefled fo much readinefs in 
difputation, that he was able to reduce to a dilemma the 
moll experienced monks in the convents of the place, 
though he could not form a clear idea either of the fub- 
jedt of the difpute, or of the common terms of the art 
by which he bewildered his antagonift. His penetration 
and boldnefs in doubting every thing that appeared not 
founded on reafon, excited, at an early period, his fuf- 
picion of a philofophy which prefented nothing but ob- 
Icurity, and an ardent defire to obtain a ray of light 
which might condudl him to the paths of truth. His 
progrefs in theology and jurifprudence, and particularly- 
the fciences, civil and canon law, excited general afto- 
nilliment, infomuch that the archbilhop of Conza, con. 
ceiving 
