331 
G E N T I A N A. 
Vera Cruz, in low moift places, where the w'ater (tag- 
nates, remote from the coaft. 
17. Gei'.iiana dceumbens, or creeping gentian : corollas 
five-cleft, bell-diaped, root-leaves lanceolate, very long; 
/talk decumbent. Root perennial; (terns one or two, 
coming out on the (ide of tlie buncli of leaves, decum¬ 
bent at bo tom, then fifing, a (pan or a foot in heigiit, 
naked at bottom, a pair of leaves in the middle, beariiig 
leaves and flowers at the end. Native of the farther 
Siberia, flowering fro’.n July till (topped by the tro(t; 
iris gently bitter and aromatic, hence it is ufed medici¬ 
nally in '1 hibet. 
18. Gennana algida, or cold gentian: dorollas five- 
toothed, bell-lltaped, fefiile dotted, root-leaves in 
bunches. Root perennial ; Item very (traight, round, 
from a finger’s length to a (pan in height, with two or 
three pairs of broad-lanceolate three-nerved leaves on 
it, llightly Iheathing it at the bafe ; it relembles the fore¬ 
going fpecies, and is very nearly allied to it, but dirfers 
in fome elfential characters; Gnielin therefore makes it 
uvarieiy of G. pneumonantlie, and Linmeusof G. punc¬ 
tata, without reafon. Found on the fnotvy alpine tops of 
caltern Siberia, and other parts ot the RuHian empire ; 
flowering in Augu(t; intenfely bitter, and proper to be 
jtffed medicinally. 
19. Gentiana faxofa, or (tony gentian : corollas five- 
cleft, bell-fiiaped, leaves fpatulate. Stem herbaceous, 
Angle, (lender, lotind, grooved, ereil, fmooth and even, 
a hand ora fpan in height; leaves yellowifli green, two 
inches long; root-leaves approximating, on fubimbricate 
channelled petioles. Flowers vrhite, upright. Native 
of New Zealand; found in Du(ky-bay, March 7, 1773. 
20. Gentiana montana, or mountain gentian : corollas 
five-cleft, bell-fliaped, leaves heart-lliaped fefiile. Na¬ 
tive of New Zealand ; found allb in Dufky-bay. 
21. Gentiana glauca, or blue gentian: corolla five- 
cleft, bell-fhaped ; flowers fefiile ; leav'es-ovate-rounded. 
Stem fimple, round, upriglit, from two to four inches 
in height, having three or four pairs of leffile leaves on 
it, w'hichare fomewhat flefliy, and fmallerthan the root- 
le'aves ; flowers ufually three, feldom one only at the end, 
together with an accelfory pair from the uppermoll 
axils. Native of the highell mountains of Kamtichatka ; 
flowering from June to Auguft, and ripening its feeds in 
September. 'I'here is a variety, in high, expofed, rocky 
fituations, with two or three flowers fitting dole to tlie 
I’oot-leaves, without any (talk. 
il. Corollas- five-cleft, or thereabouts, and fiinnel- 
fhaped. 22. Gentiana verna, or green gentian : corolla 
five-cleft, longer than the (talk ; root-leaves crowded, 
larger than the others. T. his is a little plant, hardly two 
inches high; a perennial yellow branched root puts up 
feveral fimple (talks, each fupporting one flower; it 
differs from G. pumila, in the leaves being channelled, 
jnore rigid, and half-fiem-clafping; the plaits of the 
calyx, terminating it in fo many teeth, elevated; the 
little ears or procelfes emarginate ; the Itigmas finely 
ferrate, and refembling a little drinking glafs. Native 
of Swiflerland, Savoy, Piedmont, Aultria, Carniola, 
Silefia ; flowering early in the fpring ; both in moift mea¬ 
dows and in alpine (ituations: on the high Alp>s it flowers 
later; it varies with a white flower; a beautiful blue 
colour may be extruded from the flowers as tirey are 
more commonly found. 
23. Gentiana pyrenaica, or pyrenean gentian: corolla 
ten clef[, equal, ciie outer uivifions ruder than the others. 
This is very like tlie foregoing, but the corolla is regu¬ 
larly ten-cleft, the legments blunt, the alternate or 
outer ones green on tlie outfide, within all are blue; 
leaves linear or linear-lanceolate ; (talk perennial, pro¬ 
cumbent, with upright branches, bearing one flower the 
length of the branch. Native of the Pyrenees. 
24. Gemiana altaica, or altaic gentian: corolla ten- 
clcft, the clefts alternately Imaller and ferrulate; flalk 
3 
fliori-er tlum the flowers. Root flender, two or three 
inches long; both root-leaves and ftcm-leaves clofdy 
imbricate, fiibulate-linear, (harp; (fern ufually fingle, 
but fometimes tw’o or three, about an incli in length, 
fomewhat naked under the flower, with one pair of leaves 
near it; it is very nearly allied to' G. pyrenaica, alid 
like rliat is almolf void of biiterncfs; it may therefore 
only be a varicy arifmg from fituation ; the principal 
dltfercnce coiilifis in the fuperior (ize of the llow-cr, the 
(hength of the whole jihuu, and the (hortnefs of the 
ftalk; G. pumila of Liameus and Jacquin, fee;ns to be 
the fume plant with the pyrenaica. Native of tlie fnow'y 
cliffs of the-Altaic Alps. 
25. Gentiana pumila, or fmall gentian: corolla five- 
cleft, fubfenate, leaves lanceolate-linear. Stem one- 
flow'ered, about an inch in lieight, with two pairs of 
leaves, one near the calyx, which is cloven lialf-way 
down, and is angular with five raifed lines. F'aller is 
of opinion that tins does not differ from G. verna : and 
Pallas cannot fee any difference between the fpecimens 
which he received of tills from Jacquin, and the pyren¬ 
aica.- Native of the mountains of Dauphine, Auftria, 
and Ca.riiiola. 
26. Gentiana Bavarica, or Bavarian gentian : corolla 
five-cleft, ferrate, leaves ovate, obtufe. 1-eaves blunt, 
not fharp, as in G. verna; (fern often proftrate, three 
inches or more in height, with eight or ten pairs of ovate 
leaves on many; flower folitary, large, blue; but it 
varies with a white flower, like moll of the others. Na¬ 
tive of SwifTerland and Germany ; about the lake Baikal, 
and on the Carpathian mountains in theRuflian empire , 
flowering early in tlie fpring; the Siberian plant is taller, 
and larger in all the parts, than the German. 
27. Gentiana aurea, or golden gentian : corollas five- 
cleft, extremely acuminate; throat beardlefs and awn- 
lefs, branches oppofite. Root, annua! ; Item, erect, a 
fpan high. Native of the mountains about Bourdeaux,. 
and of Norwegian Lapland. 
28. Gentiana nivalis, or winter gentian : corollas five- 
cleft, branches one-flowered alternate. Stem I’ometimes 
one-flowered,but frequently.branched, having one flower 
coming out from each axil regularly one above another, 
often alternately, but fometimes in pairs: found in the 
mountains of Lapland ; in the Alps of SwKTerland, where 
as Haller obferves it is a genuine alpine plant; and be¬ 
tween Savoy and Piedmont, as Mont Cenis, &c. and on 
the Pyrenees, adorning them, as Linnaeus fpeaks, with 
the fplendour of its deep vivid blue flowers; it has iiKb 
been found by Mr. Dickfon on Ben Lawers in Scotland- 
It varies, like molt of the others, with a white corolla; 
the fading from blue to white is indeed very common in 
flowers. ^ ' 
29. Gentiana aquatica, or water gentian: corollas 
five-cleft, terminating felfile, leaves membranaceous at 
the edge. Stems frcuu two to twenty, ufually fimple,., 
but fometimes branched dichotomoufly, in the flowering 
plant very fliort, but in the fruiting plant lengthened 
out, the leaves becoming more remote and,produced 
into an oblong form ; flowers fmall, blue, varying to 
green and white; it approaches very near to G. nivalis; 
and is larger in cold (ituations, than in more fouthern 
ones ; being very bitter, it is tiled medicinally in Daiiria. 
It flowers m the middle of May, and is found from the 
river Jenilea, to the eafitrn ocean, in (andy wet meadows,, 
and etpeciaiiy by lakes and rivers; it is-found alfo iiu 
China and Japan. 
30. Gentiana utriculofa, or bottle gentian.: corollas, 
five-clelt, lalver-lliaped, calyxes plaited and keeled. 
Root ileuder, tuiifonn, fibrous, yellow,.annual, (peren¬ 
nial, AlUoni\) Item upright, a finger’s length or a hand in 
height, loiiictimes higher, (hglitly angular, liuooth; 
branches oppolite, eaeii with the Item terminated by one 
flower. P.ay remarks, that this (;^ ecies difiers from ail 
tlie gemiaiieilas which he has obierved, in having the 
tube 
