- GEOGRAPHY. 
It will be ufeftll in botany, indifcoveiing or cultivating 
foine kinds of plants which flourifh belt at particular 
diltances above the level of the ocean. It will trace 
tlie line of vegetation on the lides of lofty mountains, 
wliofc tops are covered with eternal fnow.—sdly. Some 
high lands are known to produce good grain, while low 
lands afford grafs more abundantly ; but molt grounds 
produce good grafs, over which a moderate quantity of 
running water is conveyed. A plan of any country in 
this way will fhew all the ground that can be irrigated ; 
where water-works may be eredled ; where navigable 
canals may be cut; and w’here high-ways and rail-roads 
may be laid out on the belt and molt level ground.— 
4thly. The fubterraaeous treafures of the mineral and 
foflil kingdoms are generally found in ftrata ; and if 
they are not truly horizontal, they make a certain angle 
with the liorizon. A map on this projedfion may enable 
the mineralogift to follow any one Stratum, at places 
even far diflant from each other. 
“ To find the true declivity of any piece of ground, in any 
map laid down on the principles of the prefent plan. —Exam- 
pie I, to elucidate the ground at D, in the Geography 
Plate IV. fig. 6.— 
As the perpendicular height, 4 feet « 60206 
Is to radius, 90° - . - - lO.00000 
So is the horizontal diftance, 4 feet - 60206 
10.60206 
To the co-tangent of the declivity, 45® 10.00000 
Example 2, for the elevated ground at B, 
As tlie perpendicular height, 4 feet - 60206 
Is to radius, 90® _ _ . . lO. 00000 
So is the horizontal diftance, 8 feet - 90309 
10.90309 
To the co-tangent of the declivity, 26° 34' 10.30103 
Example 3, for the doping ground at C. 
As tlie perpendicular height, 4 feet - 60206 
Is to radius, 90® . - . . 10.00000 
So is the horizontal didance, 18 feet - 1.23527 
11.25527 
To the co-tangent of the declivity, 12° 32’ 10.65321 
The various depths of the water in the river and 
lake, are fhewn by the correfponding figures engraved 
on the furface. 
Since- the art of projedling maps, and the confequent 
facility of afeertaining particular diftritts and divifions 
on the furface of the earth, conftitutes the mod valu¬ 
able part of pradtical geography ; and as this acquifition 
cannot but be highly improved by uniting the princi¬ 
ples of adronomy with thofe of geography, we lhall, 
•n that account, annex the following intereding pro¬ 
blems on the common terredrial and celedial globes, by 
way of familiarifmg the reader in this valuable depart¬ 
ment of the fcience. And further to illudrate the fub- 
jedt, a corredl reprefentation of the common terreltrial 
globe, whereby the geographical problems are folved, 
is given in Plate III. fig. 5. In this globe a groove is 
turned on the back part of the brafs meridian A, and 
by unferewing the nut of the hour-circle D, at tlie 
north pole, the circle is made to Aide away to any other 
part of the meridian, as at G. The meridian is fixed, 
or moveable, at plealure, by a ferew palling into the 
groove tlirough the fide of the notch in which it moves, 
on the bottom or nadir point; by properly loofening 
this ferew, the meridian is free to move, and the globe 
will turn with it, into any required polition, either un¬ 
der or above the broad circle of the horizon and eclip¬ 
tic, BC. This is the bed condrudtion of the common 
globe. 
Pros. I. To find the latitude of any place. —Bring the 
place to the graduated fide-of the fixed brafs meridian ; 
the degree under which it is found, is its latitude. See 
Plate III. fig. 5. All places under the fame degree are 
s 
in the fame latitude. Thus the latitude of London re., 
51°^ north, that of the Cape of Good Hope 34® foutli. 
2. To find the longitude of any place. —Bring the place to 
the fixed meridian ; the didance of tliis meridian from 
the fird meridian, meafured on the equator, is the lon¬ 
gitude of tlie place. The longitude of Bodon in New 
England is 70®^ wed, or 4 hours 42 minutes in time. 
That of Rome i2°|- ead, or 50 minutes in time. 
3. To rcElify either globe to the latitude of any place, the 
zenith, and the fun's place. —If the place be in the nortltcrn 
hemifphere, raife the north pole above the horizon; but 
if the place be in the fouthern hemifphere, raife the 
fouth pole. Then move the brafs meridian up and 
down in the notches, till the degree of the place’s lati¬ 
tude, counted upon the meridian, below the pole, cuts 
the horizon ; and then tlie globe is adjuded to the lati¬ 
tude of the place.—Having elevated the globe accord¬ 
ing to the latitude of the place, count the fame number 
of degrees upon the meridian, from the equator towards 
the elevated pole, and that point will be tlie zenith or 
vertex of the place. To this point of the meridian 
ferew the quadrant of altitude, fo that its graduated 
edge may be joined to the faid point ; tlien is the globe 
rectified for the zenith.—Bring the fun’s place in the 
ecliptic to the meridian, and fet the hour-index to XII. 
at noon ; and then the globe will be rectified for the 
fun’s place. 
4. To determine the difference of time in different places. — 
Find the longitude of each jdace, and reduce the difte. 
rence into time, allowing an hour for every 15 degrees,, 
and proportionally for fmaller parts; the difference of 
time will be found ; if the place lies weftward of ano¬ 
ther, it has its noon later than that other; if eaftward,, 
fooner. The longitude of Rome is 12°^ eaft, that of 
Conffantinople 29®, the difference is confequcntly 
the difference of time between Rome and Conftaatinople 
is I hour 10 minutes. 
5. The latitude and longitude of any place being known, to 
find the place on the globe .—Bring the degree of the equa¬ 
tor which exprelfes the given longitude to the fixed 
meridian, then find the given latitude on the meridian;, 
under this point is the place fought. 
6 . To find the dijiance between any two places, and their 
bearing, or relative filualion with rcfpeEl to the points of the 
compajs. —Rectify the globe to the latitude of one of the 
places, and bring that place to the meridian: then fix 
the quadrant of altitude to the uppermoft point of the- 
meridian, and putting its lower end between the horizon 
and the globe, Aide it along, till it paffes through th« 
other place ; the number of degrees on the quadrant be¬ 
tween the two places, will give their didance, allowing- 
6 <)\ Englifh miles for each degree ; and the number of 
degrees upon the horizon between the meridian and the 
quadrant, will give the bearing of the fecond place with 
refped: to the firft. Thus the bearing af the Lizard 
point from the iAand of Bermudas is nearly E. N. E. 
7. To find the right aficenfion and declination of the fun, or 
any far. —On the celedial globe find the day of the 
month under the ecliptic, againd which is the fun’s 
place, or find his place by an epkenieris ; bring that point 
under the meridian, and the degree which is over the 
point is the fun’s declination, and the degree of the 
equator then under the meridian will be the fun’s right 
afcenfion. A dar’s declination and right afcenfion are 
found, by bringing the dar on the globe to the meridian, 
and proceeding- as witli refpecl to the fun. The fun’s 
declination, April 19, is 11® 14' north, and liis right 
afcenfion 27° 30'. The right afcenfion of Sirius is 99®, 
its declination 16® 25' fouth. 
8. To find what fiars pafis over, or near, the zenith of any 
place. —Having found the latitude of the place on the 
terredrial -globe, all thofe dars on the celedial globe; 
which pafs under the fame degree of the meridian with 
the given latitude, become vertical at that place. 
9. To 
