GEOGRAPHY. 
oGl 
9. To find Tohat fiars never rife, nor never Jet, in any 
given place.' —The globe being reitified for the given 
lace, thole Hat's which do not pafs under the wooden 
orizon, never fet; tho^fe which do not come above it, 
never rife. 
ro. To reprefent the appearance of the heavens at anytime. — 
Reftify the globe to the latitude ; bring the fun’s place 
in the ecliptic to the meridian, and let the horary index 
to the upper lith hour: then turn the globe till the 
index points to the given hour. The north pole of the 
globe mull; be fet to the north in the heavens, then will 
all the liars upon the globe correfpond to their places 
in the heavens, fo that an eye at the centre of the globe 
W’ould reter every liar upon its furface to the place of 
the liars in the heavens. By comparing, therefore, the 
ftars in the heavens with their places on the globe, a 
perfon will ealily get acquainted with all the liars. 
Example,— The fituation of the Hars at London on 
the 9th of February, at nine o’clock in the evening, is 
as follows > Sirius, or the dog-liar, is on the meridian, 
its altitude aa®; Procyon, the little dog-llar, 16° to- 
■vvards the call, its altitude 43° : about 24® above this 
lall, and a little more towards the call, are Callor and 
Pollux : S. 650 E. and 35° in height, is Regulus, or 
Cor Leonis : exa6lly in the eall, and 22® high, is Deneb 
in the Lion’s-tail; 30° from the eall towards the north, 
Arflurus is about 3® above the horizon : direftly over 
Ardlurus, and 31® above the horizon, is Cor Caroli : 
in the north-eaft are the liars in the extremity of the 
Great Bear’s tail.—Reckoning wellward, we fee the 
conllellation Orion j the middle liar of the three in his 
belt is S. 20® W. its altitude 35®: nine degrees below 
the belt, and a little more to the well is Rigel, the bright 
liar in his heel: above his belt, in a Hraight line drawn 
from Rigel, betw'een the middle and moll northward in 
his belt, and 9® above it, is the bright liar in his llioul- 
der : S. 49®W. and 45°! above the horizon, is Alde- 
baran, the fouthern eye of the Bull; a little to the well 
of Aldebaran, are the Hyades : the fame altitude, and 
about S,_ 70® W. are the Pleiades : in the W. by S. is 
Capella in Auriga, its altitude 73° : in the north-well, 
and 42® high, is the conllellation Cafliopeia : and almolt 
in the north, near the horizon, is the conllellation Cygnus. 
II . The latitude of a place oeing given, to find the time of 
the full’s rifing and Jetting, on any given day, at that place .— 
Having rectified the globe according to the latitude, 
bring the fun’s place in the ecliptic to the graduated 
edge of the meridian, and fet tlie horary index to the 
upper XII, Then turn the globe to bring the liin’s 
place to the eallern part of the horizon, the index will 
point to the hour at which the fun rifes ; on the wellern 
hde, to the time of its fetting. On the 5th of June, 
me fun riles at 311. 40min. and lets at 8h. 2omin. 
The length of the day is 16 h. 40 min. that of the night 
7 h. 20 min. 
To find all the places on the globe to lohifk the Jhn will 
be vertical on a given day.—Bring the fun’s place to the 
fixed meridian, and obferve the point of the fun’s de¬ 
clination ; all the places which, in turning the globe 
round, pafs under that point, have the I'un vertical on 
the given day.—When the fun’s declination is equal to 
the latitude of any place, then the fun will be vertical 
to the inhabitants of that place. 
13. To find the fun’s amplitude.—TBn globe beinp- refli. 
fied for the latitude of the place, bring the Ain’'s place 
to the eallern fide of the horizon; the arc of the hori¬ 
zon intercepted between that point and the eallern point 
is the fun’s amplitude at rifing. Thus on the 24th of 
May, the fun’s amplitude at rifing is 36® eall, and he 
fets with 36® wellern amplitude.—The amplitude in. 
creafes with the latitude of the place. 
14. To find the [mi’s meridian altitude, —The globe beino- 
reHified for the latitude, zenith, and fun’s place, the 
number ol degrees contained between the fun’s place 
and the zenith, is the diflance of the fan from tiie ver¬ 
tex at noon ; the complement of which to 90°, is the 
fun’s altitude. The meridian altitude of tlie fun on the 
17th of May, at London, is 57° 55'.—The altitude be¬ 
ing given, bring the quadrant of altitude to meet the 
fun’s- place, and the interfedlion of the quadrant and 
horizon will lliew the azimuth. Thus, on the 2ill of 
AuguH, at London, when the fun’s altitude is 36® in the 
forenoon, the azimuth is 60® from the fouth. 
15. To find the place of any heavenly body upon the globe, 
its longitude and latitude being given. —Place the firll de¬ 
gree of the quadrant of altitude upon that degree of 
the ecliptic which exprelfes the given longitude, and 
tlie 90t)i degree on the pole of the ecliptic ; the point 
of the globe which is under that degree of the quadrant 
which exprelfes the given latitude, is the place of the 
body : for the quadrant reprefeats a fecondary of the- 
ecliptic, an arc of which between the body and the 
ecliptic is its latitude, and the arc of the ecliptic be¬ 
tween the fecondary and the fin'l degree of Aries, its 
longitude. 
16. To find the place of any heavenly body upon the globe, 
its right afcenfion and declination being given. —Bring that 
point of the equator which exprelfes the given right 
afcenfion to the meridian; the place fought is under 
that degree in the meridian, north or fouth, which ex- 
prelfes the given declination. 
It. To find all thofie places where it is noon, at any given hour 
of the day, at any given place. —Bring the given place to 
the brals meridian, and let the index to the uppermolt 
12 ; then turn the globe till the index points to the given 
liour, and it will be noon at all the places under the me¬ 
ridian. When it is 4h. 50 m. in the afternoon at Paris, 
it is noon at New Britain, St. Domingo, Terra Firma,, 
Peru, Chili, and Terra del Fuego. A-s the diurnal mo¬ 
tion of the earth is from to it is plain that all 
places which are to the eall of any meridian, mull necef- 
farily pafs by the. fun before a meridian which is to the 
well can arrive at it.. 
18. The hour being given at any place, to tell what hour it is 
in any other part of the world. —Bring the place where the 
time is given, under the meridian; fet the hour index 
to the given time, and turn the globe till the otlier 
place comes under the meridian, and the horary index 
will point to the hour required. Thus, when it is nine 
in the morning at London, it is half pall four in the af¬ 
ternoon at Canton, in China ; when it is three in the af¬ 
ternoon at London, it is eighteen minutes pall ten in the 
forenoon at Bollon in America. 
19. To find in what climate any given place, not in the frigid 
zones, is fituated. —Rectify the globe for the given lati¬ 
tude, bring the firll degree of Cancer to the meridian, 
fet the index to the upper 12, turn the globe until Can¬ 
cer comes to the verge of the horizon, the index will 
point to the time of liis rifing, the time between which 
and noon being doubled, gives the length of the longell 
day at that place, from which take twelve hours, and 
the half hours contained in the remainder will anfwer to 
the number of the climate that the given place lies in, 
viz. What climate is Gibraltar in? Anfwer, the 5th 
climate.—Required the climate that London is in. An¬ 
fwer, the 9th.—Given Peterliead, the eallernmoll town 
in Scotland, required the climate it is in. Anfwer, the 
12 th. 
20. To find in what climate any given place in the frigid zone 
is fituated. —Find the time that the lun Ihines conllanl at 
the place given, which, if lefs than thirty days, the 
place is in the 25th climate; if between thirty and fixty 
days, it is in the 26th climate; if between fixty and 
ninety days, the 27th, &c. each fucceeding another 
thirty days.—Given the North Cape, Lapland, required 
what cliniate it is in ? Anfwer, the longell day being le- 
venty-feven days, anfwers to the 27th climate.—In what 
ciinate is Nova Zembla, lat. 78° N. ? Anl'vvcr, the 28th.. 
Wliaf 
