GEOGRAPHY, 
The union was not general: only the Inhabitants of the 
fouth became one nation with tlie Kelts ; the other Iberi 
remained unmixed. From the great Keltic army fome 
tribes feparatcd, who eftablilhed theinfelves near to the 
mouth of the river Anas (Guadiana.) Another portion 
occupied the north-weft extremity under the name Ar- 
tabri. The former preferved the general name of Kelts. 
“ The Greeks cftabliftied fome colonies along the 
coaft of the Iberi w'ithin the columns: but, except the 
Saguntumof the Lakynthians, and the Eimporlum of tlie 
IMaftilians or Phocaeans, they were of little importance. 
All the numerous tribes, therefore, which are afterward 
totind in Spain, may be divided, i. into the unmixed 
aboriginal inhabitants, and i. into the tribes wholly or 
partially compofed of intruders. The former occupied 
tlie eaft and weft coaft of the ocean, the Pyrenees, and 
great part of the country eaft of the Iber. It cannot be 
proved that the north-welt inhabitants are the fame with 
the proper Iberi of the fouth-eaft. To thefe belong the 
Luiitani, Karpetani, Kallaiki, and Vakkaei, of the weft; 
the Afturian, Cantabrian, and Valk, of the north ; the 
inhabitants of the Pyrenees, through whofe territory 
many hordes palled without ftaying, and fome tribes 
dwelling along the Iber, of tlie eaft; finally, the inha¬ 
bitants of the highlands, of Ortofpeda, the Oretani, Ol- 
kadi, and Ballitani, of the fouth. The language, man¬ 
ners, and weapons, of thefe people are alike : they are 
one people in many fubdivifions. 
“ The mixed tribes may be again divided into the 
Keltiberi and the people of the fouth-coaft. The for¬ 
mer comprehend in a manner all the inland inhabitants 
ot the fouth. The Kelts chiefly ftruggled with the 
Iberi in the neighbourhood of the river fo called : but, 
after the incorporation, they jointly occupied the moun¬ 
tainous country on the weft of the Iber, as far as the 
lource of the Duritis and Tagus. This was Keltiberia 
in its narroweft import: but the nation, having multi, 
plied greatlv, dlfpolfelfed or reduced to llavcry feveral 
tribes, as the Vakk;ci, Karpetani, Oretani, &c. who 
are thence incorreelly reckoned as a part of it. 
“ The people of the coaft beyond the pillars of Her- 
cules, are a mixture of the natives with Phoenicians ; 
and, within the pillars, a mixture of the natives with 
Greeks, Romans, and Carthaginians. Their commerce 
with ftrangers deftroyed all peculiarity of characler. 
At firft they learned the Funic, afterward the Roman, 
language and maniiers. The commerce, to which they 
were devoted, habituated them to aftume every form, 
hmr this reafon, the inlanders defpifed them, made in¬ 
roads on them, and forced them to recur for defence to 
foreign protection.” 
GALI.IA ANTIQUA.—This country was called by 
the Greeks Galatia, and Ccllo-Galatia. By the Romans it 
teas divided into Cifalpina, Citerior, or Togata, and Tranf. 
elpina, Ulterior, or Comata. Gallia Cifalpina is properly 
part of Italy. Gallia Trarifalpina was bounded by the 
Rhine, the Alps, Var, Pyrenees, and the Ocean. 
The chief rivers of ancient Gaul were, Rliemis, the 
Rhine; Mofelle ; Maefe or Meufe ; 
Sambre ; Scaldis, Schelde ; Matrona, Marne; Sequana, 
Seine; Liger or Ligeris, Loire; Carantonus, Churente; 
Garunina, Garonne ; Duranius, Dordogne ; Arar, Saone ; 
Rhodanus, Rhone, which palfes through Laens Cemanus, 
the lake of Geneva ; Ifara, Here ; Druentia, Durance ; 
Argentus, Argens ; Varus, Var. 
'Lhe moft noted mountains were: Vogefus, Amount 
Vauge ; Cebenna,'the Cevennes ; fura. Mount Jura; 
Alpes, tlie Alps. The Alps were divided into Alpes Ma- 
ritiniie, CotticE, Graca-, Pamiine, Rkutica, Norica, Pannonica, 
Jnliie, fuppofed in their circuit to embrace about five 
hundred and fifty miles, and extending in a diredt line 
ttvo hundred and fifty miles from Monceci Portus, Mo¬ 
naco, to Sinus Flanaticus, the Gulf of Carnero, in the hla- 
driatic. 
T»j? Je avToXir,!/ afxpamsrxi 
T'lj; Jia /xEj-caTOi; y.xrxxv^eTcci P>jib, 
YrstTioii TTori yivfj.x l 3 opsixao^ x/Etpir^ir-Ki. 
P'/jva ettiteTiAstsu fspci? Irpc;- Diony^f. Per. 
Gezk/ was divided by Julius Caefar into three parts; 
the Belga, Galli or Celta, and the Aquitani. Gallia Bdgica 
■was bounded by the Seine, Marne, mountains of Vauge, 
Rhine, and the Ocean. Gallia Celtica was bounded by 
the Seine, Adarne, mountains of Vauge, Saone, Rhone, 
and Garonne. Gallia Aquitanica was bounded by tlie 
Ocean, Garonne, and the Pyrenees. Gallia Ccltica was 
the moft confideiable divilion, and anciently gave its 
name to the whole country of Gaul ; which was divided 
by Align ftus into four parts; Gallia Narbonenjis 6 ? Pro- 
vincia, Aquitania, Lugdunevfis or Celtica, and Gallia Bdgica. 
Gallia Narbonensis, or the Roman Province, called 
alfo Braccata, froni a part of the drefs worn there, was 
bounded by the Pyrenees, Garonne, Cevennes, Alps, 
and the fea-coaft of the Alediterranean; and was divided 
into two parts by the Rhone. It comprehended Lan¬ 
guedoc, Provence, Dauphiny, and part of Savoy. There 
were in it feventeen different tribes ; the chief of which, 
to the eaft of the Rhone, were the Allobroges, Centrones, 
and Facontii ; whole chief towns were Geneva ; Vienna Al~ 
lohrogum, Vienne in Dauphine ; and Cutaro, afterivards 
Gratianopolis, or Grenoble.— The Ca-vares •, in whofe coun¬ 
try were thefe towns : Avenio, Avignon ; Araufio, 
Orange; Avia Julia, K\>t-, Vafio,\TTo\\. —In the coun¬ 
try of the Salyes or Salvii: Aqua Sextes, A\x y. Majfj'lia, 
Alarfeilles; Tdo Martins, TooXow- Forum Jitlii, Frejus ; 
Antipolis, Antibes ; Arelate, Arles.—On the weft of the 
Rhone, the Helvii, Volca Arecomici, and Volca Tc&ofagcs: 
whole chief towns were, Nemaufus, Nifmes ; Narbo Mar~ 
rm, Narbonne; Tolofa, Toulouie •, CarcaJJo, Cdvco.Tonne. 
Aquitania, was bounded in Julius Casfar’s time, 
by tlie Pyrenees, the Ocean, and the Garonne.—In Au- 
guftus Cicfar’s time, it was extended to the Loire, and 
included the part of the Lyonnois and Orleanois which 
is to the fouthw'ard of that river. It contained eighteen 
ftates; the chief of which, to the fouth of the Ga- 
ronne, were the Convenes, Tarbdli, Atifcii, Vafates, Biluriges, 
and Vibifei-, whofe chief towns were : Aquis Tarhclles on 
the Aturus, or Acqs on the Adour ; Vafates or Cqjfio, Ba¬ 
zas ; Burdegala, Bourdeaux ; Climberrum or Augujla Au- 
Jciorum, Aulch. 
Between the Garonne and the Loire, were the Cadurci, 
Petrocorii, Lemovices, Santones, PiElones,^ Bituriges-Cubi, Ar- 
verni, under whom are included the Boii. Their chief 
places were: Uxellodunum, near Cadenac ; Vefuna or Pc. 
trocqfi, Perigueux ; Mediolanum on the Carantonus, or 
Xaintes on the Charante; Santonum Portus, Rochelle; 
Uliarus Infula, the Ille of Oleron ; Limonum, PoiTiers 
Angujlorituni, Limoges ; Avariemn, Bourges; Nemojfus, 4 r. 
vernum, Augujlonometum, Clermont ; Gergovia Boiorum, 
Aloulins ; Gergovia Arvermrum, Gergoie. 
Gallia Lugdunensis, or Celtica, the largeft, 
part of Gaul, according to Casl'ar’s divifion, as it then 
included the Hdvetii's-nh Sequani, was bounded by the 
Ocean, the Loire, Seine, Marne, Rhine, and Rhone. 
It included part of tlie Lionnois, Burgundy, Cham¬ 
pagne,' Ifle of France, Orleanois, and all Brittany and 
Normandy fouth of the Seine. In Caefar’s time it com¬ 
prehended twenty-nine different ftates, including the 
Helvctii and Sequani, who being afterwards ranked by 
Auguftus as part of Gallia Belgica, the boundaries of 
Gallia Celtica to the eaft became Mens Vogefus and the 
Arar. 
Their chief ftates and towns were :— Seguftani, inha¬ 
biting chiefly the Lionnois ; the cities Lugdunum, Lyons ; 
Forum Segufianorum, Feurs.— /Edui, inhabiting Burgundy ; 
their cities, BibraEle or Augitfoduniim jF.duorum, Autunj 
Cabalinum, Chalons ; Matifeo, Macon— Mandubii, inhabit¬ 
ing i^uxois: chief town Alfa, or Alele, the laft place 
reduced 
