G E O a R A P H y. 375 
ftf royal prirfls, who fuccecded Zamolxis; JafoTum Mu~ 
nicipium, or Juili. 
in Rhodopen atqiie in deferta Getarum, 
Ef lac concreuuu cam langaiivj potatequino. Virgil, 
The Jazyges Metaiiajhe, refidcd between Dacia Vera and 
the Damibe. I'liey \-.re boanded to the North by 
Montes Carpates or A/pcs Baftaniica, the Carpathian Moun¬ 
tains. I'heir chief lOwns were : Vifeenum, Bars ; Tranf~ 
eci/icum or Contra-Adneum, Perth ; Singidmium, Seged.— 
D acta Vera, and tile comitry of tlie Jazyges Metana/la, 
aniaei to Upper Hungary, Traiirtlvania, Walachia, 
and Moldavia. 
Mcejia or Myfia, fometimes called Dacia Aurcliana, was 
the Lcimfry tvliich lay between the northern boundary 
of Thrace and Macedon, and the Danube. Ulyricum 
and Panuoiiia lay to tlie weft of it; and the Euxine to 
the eart. It was divided by Ciabrus, die river Zebritz, 
into Mafia Snpe'ior, Servhi, and Mafia Inferior, called alfo 
Scythia Minor, Bulgaria. The inland part of it was tailed 
Dardania. The inhabitants were the Mafi, Dardani, Scor- 
dijei, Triha'li, Scytha, and Peucini, towards the mouths of 
the Danube.. Among the laft of thefe was Tomi, the 
place of Ovid’s banilhment: 
Turn mihi cara Tomis ; patritc quae fede fugatis 
Teinpus ad hoc nobis hoi'pita fida fuit. Ovid. 
The places of moft note were : Singidunum, Zenderin ; 
Aureus Mans, Spenderow ; Pdns Trajani, Trajan’s Bridge, 
conrtrting of twenty arches, over the Danube, intended 
to unite the provinces of Dacia and Mafa ; it was de- 
rtroyed by his fuccellbr Adrian; Bononia, Bidin; Nico- 
Nicopoli; Durojlorus, Driftra ; Iftropolis, Kara-Kir- 
man. In the inland country were Naijfus, Nirta ; Sar- 
dica, Sophia, the rertdence of the Beglerbeg, or gover¬ 
nor of Roniili ; or Juftindil. . 
Ill Scytkiu' Minor, the country towards the mouth of 
the Danube, befidcs Tiomi, now Baba or Temefwar, al¬ 
ready mentioned, were Calatis, now Colia; Odejfm, now 
Varna; and the point of land called Dronius Achilkis 
Irfo? '£? cei/ToXtiji' rer^eiiJip.tso^ otyyi OaXetcvij; 
Et-'lsits, To6f iroLcav epeiyfTcti rdaro? ayinvy 
Ilsi'mTrogoij wpop^o-z/vni E>.i<r<7o//t.Ei'o; nivr.nv. Dionyf. Per. 
The rivers on the Dacian fide of the Danube or Ifer, 
were: Marifus or Rhabo, the M.o.roi, •, Tibifeus, theTheyis-, 
Aleuta, the Aluth ; Hierafus or Poretus, tiie Pruth ; Tyras, 
the Dniefter. On the ivioefian fide were, Drinus, the 
Drinazzo, which bounded Moefia to the Well:; Margis, 
the Marawa ; Timacus, the Tiniok; Ciabrus, the Zeb¬ 
ritz; Oefeus, theElker. 
ILLYRICUM, Illyris, or Illyria.^— This coun¬ 
try, according to ancient authors, was variourty bounded. 
It extended from Arfia,-^ river of IJlria, to Epirus', and 
its general limits to the north were, Noricum, the Danube, 
and Mafia. It comprehended great part of Aurtria, 
Hungary, Croatia, and Sclavonia. That part of it which 
lay to the north of Liffus, was called Ulyricum Barbarum ; 
to the fouth of it, as far as Epirus, along the. Adriatic, 
was Ulyricum Gracum. —-Maccdoiiibus aiTidua certamina 
cum Thracibus et Illyriis fuere. Jufin. —It wasdivided 
into Pannonia, Liburnia, and Dalmatia. 
Pannonia, was bounded by Noricum, the Danube, 
Mafia, and Dalmatia. It comprehended part of Aurtria, 
Hungary, &c. and was divided by Arrabo, the Raab, into 
Superior and Inferior, The rivers Drave and Save run 
tlirough both divirtons. The country between thefe 
rivers was called hiteramna. The chief towns in Panno¬ 
nia Superior, -were : Vtndebona, Vienna.-, Prelburg ; 
Sabg.rium, Sarwar, Ovid’s burying-place ; Vifontium, Wa- 
radin.— In Pannonia Inferior, were : Arrabona, Rab; Aquin- 
cum, Buda or Ort'en ; Taurunum, Belgrade, by others Sem- 
lin; Acumincum, Salauikcmin ; Sermzbflz, Sermium. 
2 
Liburnia contained the Japydes, and Liburni. The 
Japydes inhabited part of Croatia and Irtria.—Regna Li- 
burnoruni et foiiteiu fuperare Timavl. Virgil. 
The chief towns of the Japydes were : Flanona, Fia- 
nona; Tarfatica,Ter{at 7 , ■, Senia,%egna-, Metulum,'Nleu\c 
Vetds.—The principal river: Colapis, the Kulp, one of 
the boundaries of the A.lps. 
The Liburni extended from the Japydes to the river 
Titius, now Kcrha. Their country comprehended the 
weft part of Dalmatia, with many fmall illands. Their 
chief towns were: Euona, Nona; Jadera, Zara; Scar- 
dona, Scardo. 
Dalmatia, was chiefly inliabited by the Autariata, 
Vardai, and Scardifri, whole chief towns were: Salona, 
Spalatro, the retreat of Dioclefian ; Tragnrium, Tract 
Narona, KTrenta ; Epidaunis, Old Ragufa ; l.iffus, Aleflo ; 
Scodra, Scutari; Dalmium, Dalminium, Delminio, which 
gave name to the nation. 
Irtands in the Sinus Flanaticus, the Gulf of Carnero, 
were: Infula Abfyrtides, Crepfa, Clierfo ; Apforus, Ofero ; 
Arba, Ai be ; Curieta, Veglio ; Cijfa, Pago ; Scardona, 
Ifola Longa; IJfa, LiflTa ; Pharus, Lefina ; Brattia, 
Brazza ; Corcyra Nigra, Curzola ; Melita, Melida, by 
fome thought to be the irtand on which St. Paul v/as 
Ihip wrecked. 
Rivers: Dravus, the Drave; Afz/raj, the M tier; Saus 
or Savus, the Save ; Colapis, the Kulp ; Drinus, the Unna. 
Mountains : Mans Cetius, Calenberg ; Ocra, Bebius, Al¬ 
bius, Scardus, now Monte Argentaro, ranges of moun¬ 
tains running from the Alps towards Macedonia. 
Lakes in Pannonia, were : Lacus Felix, called alfo Peifo 
or Peifo, New Sedler Sea, near which was the country 
called Deferta Boiorum ; Volcia Paludes, Balaton or Platen 
Sea ; Hiulca, a marlh drained under the emperors : in 
Japydia was Lugeus Lacus, now the Lake of Zernitz, in 
which there is a fingular ebb and flow. 
Concerning the difputed geography of Ulyricum, 
Mannert dates as follows;—“The Illyrians are pro¬ 
bably of the fame ftem with the Thracians; at leart, 
the elder writers, who had vifited the country or con- 
verfed with natives of it, confound them together : 
whereas the Kelts are always ccntradiftinguifitdd from 
them, even when rertdent among them. Of all the Eu¬ 
ropean nations, the Illyrians and Thracians only had 
the praftice of tattooing tlieir bodies. Their original 
language is probably preferved in the Epirotic diale(SI; 
of the prefent times : but in Illyria itfeif, the Slavonian 
tribes have wholly extinguifhed every other tongue. 
The eartern continuation of the Alps compriled the an¬ 
cient dwellings of tlie Illyrian nations. From the Ju¬ 
lian Alps, the high land fpreads uninterrupted between 
the Save and the Adriatic to the Haemus and to Mace¬ 
don. Of this mountainous dirtrift, the Illyrians occu¬ 
pied the fouthern declivity, together w'ith the fea-coaft, 
from about Aquileia to the modern Epirus. On thele 
very mountains, down the fouthern declivity towards 
the Save, were the oldert feats of the Paconians, as the 
Greeks ftyled them ; of tlie Pannonians, as the Latins 
called them. They extended from Ukrain to Mace¬ 
donia. Thus Strabo fpecifies their ftation, and he Hou- 
rifhed while Auguftus and Tiberius were in conflidl 
with them ; his account is confirmed by Velleius Pater¬ 
culus, and Appian, from the commentaries of Auguftus. 
“ Strabo does not in any thing diftinguifli the Pseoni- 
ans from the other Illyrians. Herodotus, who knew 
them experimentally, does not indeed exprefsly reckon 
them as a branch of the Thracian ftem, becaul'e he fays 
that the quantity of fingle tribes is to.o great to be enu¬ 
merated : but he knows only of Thracians on the fouth- 
fide of the Danube; he deferibes them as covering 
many diftricts, and places among them the Paeonians by 
the Strymon and the Drino, without dirtinguifliing them 
from Thracians; and, as he deduces the Paeonians from 
the Teucri of Afia, he farther corroborates the opinion 
