G E O G R A P II Y. 
rates it from Mafia. A branch of Mount Rhodope runs 
through it from weft to eaft. 
The country between the Strymon and NeJJus was called 
Macedonia AdjeBa. It was divided into Thrace between 
//rfwtw and; Thrace between Rhodope and the 
Sea; and the [I hracian Cherlbnefus. The vivcr Hcirus 
alfo, by itscourfe, divides Thrace info north and Ibuth, 
The chief provinces were : Moedka or Gracia Macedo- 
nica, Drofca, Jjlica Cmnica, Sclletica, Beffica. The principal 
tribes : The Bfi, Dcnfekta, Mcdi, Edoncs, Odiyja^ BJloius, 
Cicones, OdomanVs, Agriani, Tlteir cliief towns between 
Rhodope and H;cmus, were: Uipia Plautalia\ B'Jdpara ^ 
Trimontium o\- Pliilippojjolis •, Ufcudama, Statiniaka; Orcfias 
or Hadrianopolis, Adrianople or Hedrina ; Carpndtmum ; 
Zcla or Flaviopolis Deultnni, Develto ; Anckiaius, Akkiali; 
Bizio, Vile; Bcraia, Elki-zadra ; Halwydejfns, Ap'ollonia; 
Mcfembria, Milevria; ILnni Extrema, fieinenburn. 
Between Rhodope and the Sea were : Paika or Pkrygea, 
Phinopclis, Fenopoli ; Conftantinople ; Mclati- 
tias, from whicli a wall, Macrontcic/ios, was built acrofs 
the country to Derkon, on the Euxine; Selymbria, Seliu- 
rea p Perinthus or Heraclea ; Gams, Bifanlhc or Rhadrjlos ; 
Rhodofto ; Aphrodifias, Apros, Aprio ; Dyme, Trajanopolis, 
Syraccila, Cypjcla, Acnos, Dorifatm, Maronea, Marogna ; Ab- 
dcra, the birth-place of Democritus, now Al'perofa; Ni- 
copolis, Jamphorina, 
Of the Thracian Cherfonefiis, or Pyniiifula of Roma¬ 
nia, the chief towns were, Cardia, afterwards Hexami- 
iium-, Macronteic/ws, which took its name from a wall 
built acrol's the Ifthnius; Callipolis, Gallipoli; Aegos, 
Mudytcs, Maitos; Sfliis or Pcfidonium, the Caftle of tlie 
Dardanelles, on the iide of Europe ; Calus Portus, Elaus, 
Crite'a ; Alopcconefns, Panormus, Panormo ; Agora, Malagra. 
Mountains,— Hamus, of which the louthei;t branch 
was Rhodope, Monte Argentaro ; Pangaus Mons, Monte di 
Malaca, or the Caftagnats ; 
Vides Pangaea nivofis 
Canajugis, latofque Haeiiii fub rupe Philippes. Lucan. 
Iflands.— Thajus, TalTo, famous for its marble ; Samo- 
thrace, noted for the myfteries of the Cabiri, now Saman- 
tiraki; Imbro ; Proconnfus, Marmora; Cyanaa 
Infula, called alio Symplcgades ana Sundromades. 
Rivers,— Nefhs, Nelto ; Hebrus, Mariza; Mclas, Crio- 
nera, which Hows into the Sinus Melanes; Aigos Botanies, 
in the Cherfonefe, at the moutli of which Lylander de- 
ftroyed tlie Athenian fleet; Arzus Athyrus, Aqua dolce ; 
Bathynias, Panyfus, the Nizo. 
Seas, Gulfs, &c.— Pontiis, the Euxine or Black Sea; 
BofphorusThracius, the Straits of'Conftantinople ; Propon¬ 
tis-, fo called from its lituation with refpeCi: to Pontiis, 
the S ea of Marmora ; Sinus Herackoticus ; Hcllefpontus, the 
Hellefpont or Dardanelles; Sinus Mdanes, on the Ibuth 
fide of the Cherfonefe, fo called from the river Melas, 
the Gulf of Eno. 
Gracia Vera or Libep.a ; or Greece, properly fo 
called.—This country was varioully called by ilte an¬ 
cients, Gracia, Hdlas, Ackaia, Doris ; and the people Pe- 
dafgi, Danai, Argivi, Achivi, Grad, lones, Dolcpes, Myrmi. 
dunes. It was bounded, on the tide of Thelfaly, by tlte 
mountains OtArys and Oeta ; on the fide of Epirus, by the 
ffiiver Acheioiis ; on the eaft by the .^gean, and oji the 
w'tft by the Ionian, Sea, or fouthern part of the Adria¬ 
tic Gulf, forming what is notv the fouthern part of 
Turkey in Europe: and it was divided into three parts ; 
Ackaia, Pdopontiefus, and the IJlands', though the Romans 
gave tlie name oi Ackaia to the whole. 
Achaia, or Hellas, is the name commonly given 
to tiiat part of Greece which lay to the north of tlie 
Ifthmus : it was, however, borrowed from a people who 
lived in the Pcloponnefus. It is now Liva;dia ; and is 
divided into fix parts, 
• 1. JEtolia, now' called Vlakia, from a-colony of Walla- 
chians lettl-ed there by the Greek emperors. It borders 
on Acarnania and Theii'aly. T'he chief towns were; 
VoiL, Vill. No. 510, 
Thermus, Rrythra, Chalets, Calidon, OlentiS, Plcuron, Oeniot, 
Dragomifto ; Naupatlus, Lepauto. 
Oi t’.ijjLovjt, KXi SlXe'/ov, v.oi Dvy.zv/.y, 
XaAmoas t a.yy.txXoy, K.oe.^v^! 09 ct re cre~^'r,a-c-a,v, Homer,. 
Rivers.— Evenus, Fidari ; Aftis or Tkeftius, Achdoiis, Ai- 
pri.—Poculaque inventis Acheloia milcuit uvis. Virgil. 
2. Locris, inhabited by the Lcrri Or.da, fo called from, 
the bad Imell faid to have been emitted by the arrows 
of Hercules, vvliich liad been dipped in the blood of tb.c 
Hydra, and buried there by Piiiiodtetcs. T'iie Locrilyk- 
tumidii, fo called from.Mount Cncmis, were feparated hr 
Mount Parnaftiis tVoiii the Ozcla ; tmu the Lccri Opuntii 
took their name from the city Opus. The chief tow 
were: Antirrhinm, the .Caftle of Romelia, oppofits ta 
Rhiuni, in the Peloponnel’us, cabled t’le Dardanelles or 
Lepanto ; Opus Talandi, Scarphia,'Thronium, Arnphijfa. —In. 
the country of the Epicncmidii were the Straits ot T/ienr.r- 
pylre, between Mount Oota and the SivtVs Maiiacus, taniou's 
for tlie Hand made by Leonidas againft the army of 
Xerxes ; now called Bocca di Lupo. 
3. Doris, or Dorica, was called Tctrapclis, from its four 
principal cities, Erinciis, Citineum, Bata, Liiaa or Sperchinm. 
4. P/iocis, now' Livadia, contained Delphi or Pytko, Caf- 
tri, famous for the oracle of Apollo, at the foot ot Mount 
ParnalTus; near it w'as the Fans Cajialius. It was called 
Umbilicus Terra, as it was reckoned the centre oi Greece, 
and of the world, Elatia, Crijfa, which gave name ,t'0 
the Sinus Crijfaus, the Gulf of Salona ; Cirrha-Anticyrn, 
famous for hellebore, Afpro-Spitia. The three lalt 
cities were deftroyed in the I'acred war.—Tribus Anti- 
cyris caput infanabile. Horace. • 
5. Bceotia, was bounded by Phocis, 1 -ocris, Attica, th.e 
Euripus, and extended as far as the Gult or Cdrintli. It 
v/as called TgiGaiAaTTa?, from its convenient fituation on 
tlirce leas. T he chief towns w ere : Thcba, Stives, de¬ 
ftroyed by Alexander, who fparod only the houle ot 
Pindar; its citadel, Cadmea, was lu called from Cadmr.s, 
the founder of Thebes ; Ltbadea, Livadia, hiinous tor the 
oracle of Trophonius, wlience the name given to th.e 
country; Cheronaa, famous torfevcral battles, elpeclally' 
for the defeat of the Greeks by Pirilip, whicli put an 
end to the liberties of Greece, and lor being the birth¬ 
place of Plutarch ; Orchomenus, near which was Adddlus, 
a fountain in which the Graces ufed to batlie ; Coronua, 
W'here Agefilaus defeated the Athenians and Theban's ; 
Haliartus-, Thefpia, facred to the Mules, w lro were lome- 
fime-s called Thefpiades ■, Cmija, the Port ol lliebes, on 
the Corinthian Gulf; Afcra, the birth-place ot Heliod ; 
Leuclra, where Epaminondas defeated the Lacedaemo¬ 
nians; Plataa, famous for the defeat ot the Perfians un¬ 
der Mardonius by Paufanias; Laryirjna, Tanagra, Dehmt, 
Aulis, a lea-port on the Euripus, tliebtraits oi Eubcca, or the 
Negropont, from which the Greeks embarked tor Troy ; 
Non ego cum Danais Trojanam exfcinderc genicm 
Aulide juravi, ciaffenique ad Pergama mi/i. Virgil. 
Mountains.— Cilkaron, famous for tlie orgies or rites 
of Bacchus, now Citherone, or Monte di Stiva; Helicon, 
and Pimpla, mountains facred to the Mules, lienee called 
Hdiconiades, and Pimpkidcs. 
Rivers.— Cepkijus, the river Cephillb, wiiich in its 
courle forms Cnpnis Laevs, tiie Lake oi ^tivaj ancl re¬ 
ceives. CiAzrtai OX’ Coralias, the Corali ; Ifntr.us, tiie ifine- 
i\o ; .AJbpus, the Afopo.—Tlie Foiuicains evere : D?rce, 
Aganippe, Hippocrenc, .inthvfa, tlie liaiiiits of the Mules; 
Dicite qua; fdiites Aganippidos Hippocrenes, ^ . 
Grata MeduLei figna tenetis cqui. Ovid.' 
6. Aitis, ov Attica, fo called from its maritime fituation, 
(Acte lignifying ihorc.) It included Megcris, and ex¬ 
tended to the Ifthmus. The chief towns were : Athens, 
the feat of all th.e fine arts, now Atheni, or Setlnes. It 
was, by way of pre-eminence, called AJlu, the City ; 
audit liad three ports, Piraus, Munkhia, and Phakrus-, 
Ekufis, famous for the temple and myfteries. of Ceres 
