GEOGRAPHY. 
Lepfina ; Meqara, ^gofl-hena, Pages, Nifcea, Rhiamms, Ma¬ 
rathon, famous for the vidlory of the Athenians over the 
Perfians; Oropus, Phyle, Decelea, Panormus, Sunium, of the 
fame name with the promontory winch bounded Attica 
to rite fouth-eaft, and which, from the ruins of a temple 
• of Minerva, is now called Capo di Colonni. 
Mountains.—The molt remarkable are, Hymeitus, fa- 
cnous for its honey ; and Pentelicvs, for its marble.-—Its 
■ fivers : Eridanus, Uijfus, and Cephijus. 
Peloponnesus. —This country took its name from 
Pclops, fon of Tantalus. From its. fiippofed refem- 
blance to a mulberry-leaf, it is now called the Morea. 
Tile Ifthnuis of Corinth, now called Hexa-mili, joins 
it >0 the main-land. The gulfs or bays which belong to 
it are Sinus Corinl/tiacti^, tlie Gulf of Lepanto ; Sinus Sa- 
, ronicus or EUufiniiis, tiie Gulf of Engia ; Argolicus Sinus, 
tli'e Gulf of Napoli; Laconicus Sinus, the Gult of Colo- 
’ Cynthia ; Sinus MeJ/eniacus, or Afinxus, the Gulf of Co- 
roii ; Cyparijfms Sinus, the Gulf of Aycadi; Mare Myr- 
toum, rhe Sea between the Morea, Crete, and the Cy¬ 
clades, fometimes called the Sea of Mandria. 
It was divided into fix countries; Achaia Propria, Ar- 
gia or Argolis, Laconia, Mej^enia, Elis, which occupied the 
circumference of the peninlula, and Arcadia, the more 
inland part.—i, Achaia Propria lay along the Sinus Co- 
rinthiacus, and included the Diflrifts of Sicyon and Corinth, 
Its chief towns were : Corinthus, Coranto ; its citadel 
Acrecorinthus flood on an adjoining mountain ; IJlhmus, 
'iamous for the celebration of the Ifthmian games in ho¬ 
nour of Neptune; Cenchreie, the port of Corinth, on the 
Sinus Saronicus, and Lcchnum, its port on. rhe Sinus Corintki- 
acus; Sicyon, which gave its name to the mofi: ancient 
kingdom of Greece, Bafilica ; Phlius, Pcllene, jEgira, 
JEg'ee, jEgium, where the ftates of Achaia w-'cre held ; 
Patres, Patras | Phares, Oknus. — Drepanum or Rhium Pro- 
montorium. Cape-Rio; and Araxum Promontorivm, Cape 
Clarence.—Rivers: AJopus, the Arbon; Nemea, the 
Angia. 
2. Argia or Argolis. —Its chief towns w'ere : Argos, 
Argo, to which Nauplia, Napoli di Romania, was the 
lea-port; Mycenes, the city of Agamemnon ; Epidaurus, 
Pidavra, famous for a temple of Efculapiiis ; Nemea, 
Triftena, near which the Nemean games were celebrated; 
Tiryns, which gave a name to Hercules, now Vathra ; 
Aigiria, Engia, which has given its name to the Gulf 
of Engia ; Troezen, Damala.-— Spiraum Promontorium, 
. Cape Spireo; Scy'leeum Prom. Cape Skilleo.—Rivers: 
Inackits, the Planiza; Erafmus, Erafino.—Lake: Lcrna, 
Petrina, which gave name to the Hydra killed by 
Hercules'.—Lern^us tiirba capitum circumftetit an- 
guis. Virgil. 
3. Laconia the inhabitants Lacones, Spar- 
tani. —The chief towns were Sparta or Lacedamon, Mi- 
litra, wliich flood on the River Eurotas, near Mount Tay- 
getvs\ Amycla, VorAon'vd.', Zarcx,QixTO ■, Epidaurus-Limcra, 
Malvafia Vecchia ; Heelos or Gythium, the inhabitants of 
which, Hdotse, were reduced by the Spartans to abjedt 
flavery, now Palteopoli, the port of Sparta s Tanarus, a 
cavern near which was one of the fabled entrances into 
hell, now Caibares : 
Quo Styx et invifi horrida Tsnari ' 
Sedes. ■ Horace, . 
—River ; Eurotas, Bafiiipotamo.—Promontories ; Cyno- 
Jura, Cape Sidro ; Malea Promontorium, Cape Malea, to 
the North ; Teenarium, Prom. Cape Matapan, bounding 
the Laconic Gulf, and the mofi: fouthern point of Eu¬ 
rope.-—Mountains: Taygetus Mans, famous for hunting 
and Bacchanalian revels, the Mountains of the Mainots j 
thronius or Cturius, Mount Grenenos. 
.4. Mejenia: the chief towns in which were: Mejfene, 
famous for us wars with the LacedEeiiionians, Moileiiiga ; 
hhome, a ftrong Fortre’fs near to it; Corone, Coron ; Pjlus, 
■the city of Neilor, Novariu ; Mtthone, Modoft| Cypa- 
Arcadia | and Phcra^ Cls^ran’ii'di; 
Rex Pyliiis, magno fi qiudquam credis Homero, 
Exemplum vitae fuit a cornice fecundie. J-uvenaL- 
—Rivers: Pamifus or Arcadius, the Pirnaza; Neda, th@ 
Longarola.—-Promontories : Acritas Promontorium, Cape 
Gallo ; Coryphafium Prom. Cape Zunchi. 
5. Elis i the part of this diftrict which bordered on 
.Mejfenia, was czMcA TripkyUm. The chief towns were ; 
Elisg on the Pencus, Belvidere; its fea-port Cyllene, Chia« 
renza; Olympia, famous for the Olympic Games, on one 
fide the Alpkeus, Longaiiico ; Pifa, which long enjoyed 
the right of prefiding at thefe games, on the other fide 
the Alpheus. There were alfo in this diftridt two towns 
of the name of Pylus. 
Rivers ; Alpheus, the god of which was fabled to have 
fallen in love with the nymph Arethufa, now the Alfeo t- 
——Alpheum fama eft hue Elidis amnem 
Occultas egifle vias fiibter mare, qui nunc 
Ore', Arethufa tuo, Siculis confunditur undis. Virgil. 
Stymphalus, which gave the name of Stymphalides to the 
ravenous birds on its banks, rvhich fed on human ftefh j 
Pencus, the Igliaco.—-Promontories; Chelonites Prmnonto- 
rfius, Cape Tornefe ; Ichthys Prom. Capejardan,—Moun¬ 
tain: Erimanthus, which gave name to the prodigy of a 
boar killed by Hercules, now Mount Dimizano.—Nigris 
aut Erymanthi Silvis. Horace. 
6 . Arcadia : which being a common centre to the other 
diftritts, communicated with each of them. Its chief 
towns were ; Mantinea, famous for the viilory which 
Epaminondas gained over the Lacedtemonians, and which 
coft him his life; Orchomems, Tegea, Megalopolis, Leoiitarij 
the birth-place of Polybius. 
Mountains: Cyllene, the birth-place of Mercury; Pho- 
loe, Styrripkalus, Lycteus, Ceraufius, Manalus, facred to Pan | 
Erynianthus, Olympus. —Rivers: Erymanthifs and Ladon.^. 
both of which flow into the Alphevs\ Styx, a poifonous 
ftream, fabled to be a river of hell ; 
Cocyti ftagna alta vides, Stygiamque paludem, 
Di cujus juvare timent et fallere numenj Virgil. 
Greek Islands. 
The Greek I Hands are comr»only divided into thofe 
in the Ionian Sea, the Cretnn Sea, and the jEgean or Ar- 
cliipelago -—-In the Ionian Sea; Corcyra o-;' Pki&acia, Corfu,, 
where were the gardens of Alcinoiis, and on which 
UlylFes was wrecked ; Leucadiaox Lciicas, alfo called j\'f- 
ritos, originally a peninfula, till its ifthmus was dug 
through, now Santa-Maura: it gave name to Leucatc Pro¬ 
montorium, the Lovers Leap; Echinades Infula, fmali iflands 
between the main land and Cephalenia, or Same, Cephalo-* 
nia ; Zacinthus, Zante ; Ithaca, Uiyfles’s Hland, Ifola del 
Compare ; Dulichium, one of the Eckinades, belonging-to 
the fame prince j Strophadcs, the Iflands of the Harpies j 
Jam medio apparct fluftu nemorofa Zacynthos, 
Dulicliiumque, Sameque, et Neritos afperafaxis. Virgil. 
In the Cretan Sea ; Creta^ now Candia,.frcfm its capital. 
Its cities were formerly fo numerous, that it was called 
Hecatonpolis. The principal cities were: GnoJfus,Gortyna^ 
on tire river Lethe, famous for Minos’s Labyrinth ; Cydotti 
Lyclits .-—-'Oi yap KpiiTr; s 9 xAa.ffcroy.poirr/a»i/ iavrtxa 
y.iyoA'ji Strabo. 
River of Crete'! Lethe, the River of Oblivion.™ 
Mountains ; Ida and D/cTe.-—Cape : Arietus Frons, or- 
Kriou Metopon, Cape Leon. 
Between Crete and the Promontory of Malea was Cj^ 
thera, or Parphyris, the Ifland of Venus Cerigo-. Here 
was the principal port of the Lacedtemonians. 
In the Atgean Sea, or Archipelago : Cyclades hful^s, 
about fifty in number, extending from the Cretan Sea to 
Eubcea. They were fo called from their being fup,pofed 
■to lie in a circle round Delus. The principal oi thefe 
were : Eitim, called alfo Ortygia, now Sdilles-j. the birth¬ 
place of Apollo and Diana. Hence the epithets of De- 
i»ja and Dtlia, applied to thefe deities j as alfo of Cv«- 
4. ■ thhis. 
