G E O G R 
On the Upper Sea were tlic Frentani, whofe chief 
towns were Ortona, Ortona ; Anxanum, Lanciano ; HiJ)o- 
nium, Guafto d’Ainone ; Buck ; Larinum. —Their rivers 
were: Sagrus, tlie Sagro ; Trinins, theTrigiio; Trifcr- 
72US, the Biferno ; Frent.o, tlie Fortore. 
Samnivm, tlie countiiy of tlie Sainiiites, properly fo 
called, lay inland, to the weft of the Frentani. Their 
towns were: Anfidmiiin, Alfideniim; JEJernia, Ifernia; 
Beneventum, Maleventum, Triventinum, Boviatium, Boiana; 
Caudium, near which were the Furccs Caudina, tainous lor 
the difgrace the- Romans fiiftained from the Samnites 
under their general Pontius ; Allija, Allifa ; TcLfia, Te- 
lele. Their rivers were: Sabatus, the Sabato, which 
receives Calor, the Galore, and Tamarus, the'lamaro, 
and runs into the Vulturno. 
The Hirpini, a Samnite people, dwelt to the fouth of 
Samnium, in the country fince called the Farther Princi¬ 
pality. Their chief towns were : Abellinitm, AvelliiiO ; 
Compfa., Conza ; Eqnvs Tutkus, Ariano ; Rufce, Ruto.— 
Their rivers: Aujidi Fans, the head of tlie Aufanto; 
Ampfandi Lacus, a ftinking lake, now called Mufiti, from 
Melitis, the goddefs of ftench, who had a temple tiiere. 
The exhalations of it were fo unvt holefome, that the 
poets feigned it to be Jdvi fpiracula ditis ; 
Monftrantur, ruptoque ingens Acheronte vorago 
Peftiferas aperir fauces. Virgil. 
7. Campania, fo famous for the richnefs of its foil, is 
now the chief part of the Terra di Lavora. It extended 
from Latitm to Lucania in length ; and was bounded in 
breadth b^ the Tufcan Sea, and Samnium. It was inha¬ 
bited hy xhe Catnpani and Picentini. The chief towns of 
the Campani were : Vulturmim, Voltorno, on a river of 
the lame name ; Liternum, Torre di Patria, where Scipio 
Africanus died ; Capua liood fome miles from the place 
which now bears its name ; its confequence was trans¬ 
ferred to NeapoLis or Parthenope, Naples; Cumre, near 
which was the Sibyl’s Grotto : 
Hue ubi delatus Cum.eam accefteris urbem, 
Divinofque lacus, et Averna Sonantia Silvis, 
Infanam vatem afpicies. Virgil. 
Puteoli, the port of Cuma, Puzzoli ; near this place was 
Cicero’s Academia, and alfo the Campi Phlegrai, or burn¬ 
ing plains ; Baia, famous for its batlis, and the pleal’ant- 
nel's of its lituation, being the winter relidence of the 
Romans, as Tibur, Tulculum, Teanum, &c. were their 
fummer retreats; Mifenum, a promontory and town, 
which was the ftation of a Roman fleet; Herculaneum, 
Torre di Greco, which, as well as Pompeii, now Safati, 
W'as overwhelmed by an earthquake during an eruption 
of Vefuvius, in Nero’s time; Surrentum, Sorrento, near 
Minervtg Promonlorium, alio oppoiite the illand Capraa, 
Capri, famous for Tiberius’'s retreat, and SirenuJ'a: or Si- 
renum. Scopuli, the Iflands of the Sirens. 
Near the promontory of Mifenum, fo called from Mife- 
nus, Heftor and Aineas’s trumpeter, now Cape Mil'eno, 
were the iflands Prochyte and Inarimc, thougiit to have 
been rent afunder by an earthquake : 
Monte fub aerio, qui nunc Mifenus ab illo 
Dicitur, tetcrnumque tenet per faecula nomen. Virgil. 
The inland towns were ; Teanum, Tiano ; to the north 
of which, towards Sinuefl’a, were the famous Maiiic and 
-Falernian vineyards; SueJJd Aurunca, Seftb; Vennfrum, 
Venafro; Nola, where Marcelhis repulfed Hannibal; 
Suejfula, famous for its oil; Acerra, Kuceriie. 
Rivers and lakes : Vulturnus, the Vulturno ; Liternus 
or Glanius, the Clanio ; Sebethus, on which Naples ihiuds, 
theFornello; Sarnus, the Santo; Lacus Aclietu/ius, the 
Lake ot Collucia; Avernus, the Averno, a cave near 
which was the fabulous defeent to Hell ; Lacus Lucrinus 
,or Baianus, once famous for its fifli, but changed by an 
earthquake into a maffii, Laco de Licola: the Lucrine 
and Avernine lakes were joined together by Auguftus; 
PharoneeB Scrobes, Grotto del CuBC ; Sinus Baianus, the 
VoL. VIII.,No. 510. 
A P II Y. 381 
Gulf of Pozzuolo, is ftill celebrrded for its elegant ia- 
lubrity.—Nullus in orbe fmus Baiis praelucet anuenis. 
Horace. 
Mountains: Gaurus, Monte Barbaro ; Monte 
de C dferta ; MnJJicus or Falernus Mans, Monte Dragone ; 
Vefuviiis, Monte di Somma, the country about wliicii, 
was called Campus Phlegraus. 
The Picentini, probably a colony from the Picentes, on 
the Adriatic, occupied a part of the Hither Principality. 
'I'lteir chief towns were: Sakrnum, Salerno; Picentia, 
Bicenza. 
M.vgn'a Graccia; though it might be made to in¬ 
clude Campania, and much of tlie weft coaft ot Italy, on 
account of -the various Greek colonies there fettled, yet 
is commonly underftood to mean only Apulia, and Oenotna. 
Apulia was divided into Daunia, Pucetia, and Mejfa- 
pia. I. Apulia Daunia, part of the Capilanata, lay be¬ 
tween the rivers Frento and Aujidus, the F'autore and 
Aufanto, and was divided by Cerbalus, the Cervaro. 
Mens Garganus, Mount St. Angelo, is oii the peninlula 
which here advances into the Adriatic, as the fpur of 
the boot, to wdiich the fliape of Italy has been com¬ 
pared.—Tlie chief towns wmre : Teanum Apulum, Teani; 
Huriim, Rodia ; Arpi, built by Daunus, tather-in-law' to 
Diomedes, who gave his name to the country now Arpe ; 
Sipuntum, Siponto ; Uria, Manfredonia, which gave name 
to Urias Sinus, the Gulf of Manfredonia ; Luceria, Lu- 
cera ; Afculum Apulum, Afeoli, famous for the deteat of 
Pyrrhus by Dentatus and Fabricius; Salapia, Salpe, 
near which was tlie Palus Salapmus, Lago Salto. 
2. Apulia Pucetia, the Terra di Bari, and part of the 
Capitanata, extended from the Atijidus to Brundvjium. 
Tlie ridge of the Apennines, which palfes through tliis 
country, was called Nultur Mans. —The chief towns_^ 
were ; Cannujium, Canofa, near which was the village ot 
Cannes, famous for the overthrow ot the Romans by 
Hannibal;—Duo maximi exercitus caefi ad hoftium ta- 
tietatem, donee Annibal diceret militi luo, ‘‘ Parce- 
ferro.” Florus. —Bardw/f, Barletta ; Turenum,Trin\\ ■, Ba¬ 
rium, Bari; Fgnatia, Torre d’Anazzo; Acherontia, Aci- 
renza ; Venufia, the birth-place of Horace, Venota, near* 
which was Bantia, and Ferentum, Forenza. 
3. Mcjfepia, Calabria, or Japygia. Thefe itames w'cre 
fometimes applied to dift'erent parts ot the louth-eaft 
peninfula of Italy, though, tor the moft part, common 
names to the whole of it, now Terra d’Otranto.—The 
chief towns were : Brundujium, Brindifi, from which paf- 
fage was ufually taken to Dyrrachium in lllyncum, by 
thole who were travelling to Greece. Oppofite to it 
was a fmall itland, called Pharos, trom the limilarlty of 
its life to the Pharos of Alexandria; Aletium, Leccia; 
Lupia ; Rudies, Ruia, the birth-place ot Ennius ; Hydrus 
or Hydruntum, Otranto, from which there was a palfage 
ttill lliorter than that of Dyrrachium, to Apollonia or On- 
cum, \n Epirus ■, Cajlrum 'Mincrves, Caltro ; Veretwn, Alel- 
tano, not far from wliich ivas Promonlorium Salenimuni or 
Japygium, Cape di Leuca; Callipoiis, Gallipoli; Uxentim, 
LJgento; Nerelum, Nardo; Tarenlum, where Phalantus, 
the Lacedaemonian, planted his colony, and trom which 
the adjoining gulf takes its name, Tarento ; near I'a- 
rentum was Mans Aulon, famous for its vines ; and Gakfiis 
Fluvus, tlye Tara. The people who inhabited thiscoait, 
to the weft of the Apennine, were called Salentini, and 
MeJ/'apii. 
OtxOTRiA, was divided into two parts, inhabited by 
the L-ucani and Brvttu. i. Lucania was, towards the lower 
lea, divided from the Picentini by Silarus, the Selo or 
Silaro, and from the- Bruttii by Lads, the Laino. On 
the Yarentinc Gulf it extended from Bradanus, the Bra- 
clano, to Thurii, and the river Sybaris. It contained a 
part of the Hither Principality, the Hitlver Calabria,' 
and Bafilicato. I'he chief towms, &c. were : Pfidonix 
or Pujium, Piefti, now famous for its ruins. It Itobd on' 
tlje Siiiui Pefianus, the. Gulf of Salerno,, in which were 
5 E Sireiufe' 
