GEOGRAPHY. 
5S2 
Sircnujce or Infufcs Siremm ; Velia, oppofite the Omotrides 
Infula, Pontia and Ifchia, now Ponza'and Uchia ; Palinu- 
rimi Prordontorhun, vvhicli took its name from Eneas’s 
pilot, Cape Paliitiuro ; Puxits or Buxentum, Polycallro, 
wliich flood on Sums Laiis, the Gulf of Polycaflro. 
On the' 1 arentine Gulf, were Abellirmm Marjicum,' 
Avellino ; Mutaponlvm, where Pythagoras taught, now 
"I orre di Mare ; Sir/s, Heracka, Aciris, Syharis, famous 
lor its greatnefs, inlamous for its luxury: at one time 
it ruled over I'everal of the neighbouring nations, and 
could fend into the field an army of 300,000 men. On 
the ruins of it, when deflroyed by the people of Cro- 
tona, was founded Thiirii, the lall place for which Cha- 
rondas legillated, for fome time the refidence of Hero¬ 
dotus and Lyfias. The Tarentines liaving planted a 
colony there, gave it alfo the name of Copia:. 
2. The Bnittii inhabited what is now called the Hither 
and Farther Calabria. Their country is the foot or 
fouth-well peninfula of Italy, being bounded to the 
north by the Ifthnuis and Laiis, the Laino, and Tkiirii. 
T hey were divided into the Cijinoatani zwX Tranjhiontaiii, 
T he former of thefe were alfo called Rhegini •, the latter 
Locri GY Crotontata. The chief towns o'; vhft Brnitii Cif~ 
momani were : Cerilli, Cerilli; Pandofm, Mondicino ; Con- 
J'cntia, Cofenza, not far from which was the branch of 
th.e Ap’ennine called Clibanus\ Tropaa, Tropea; Metau- 
rum, on a river of the fame name; Valentia, Vi'bo or liip- 
ponium, Bivoni, on 'the Sinus Terimeus and Viboncvfis, the 
Gull of St. Euphemia ; Gioia, Gioio; Mamertum, Op- 
pulo ; Scillamm, Sciglio, on that promontory which gave 
rile to the table of Scylla and her dogs. Oppofite is 
Charybdis, and the-.- Promontorium Pdorium ; Pqpdonium, 
Colonna ; Rkegium, Rlieggio ; near to it was Leucopetra, 
Rhegium Plerculis, and Zcphyriuni Premontorivm, the termi- 
'naiion of the Apennine mountains. This laft is the 
moft fouthern extremity of Italy, and is called Cape 
Sparti Vento. 
Of the Bruttii Locri, tlie chief towns were : Rufeianum, 
Koffano ; Petetia, Strongoli; Croton or Crotona, Cortona, 
the city of Milo, the famous athlet; near it were Laci- 
7 niim Promontorium, on whicli flood a temple of Juno, 
Cape de la Colonna; and more to the {g\xx\\, Japygum 
tria Promontorium, Cape St. Mary, and oppofite, Ortygia, 
Calypfo’s Illand; Cajlra Hannibalis, Callelli ; Scylacium, 
Squillaci, which gave name to the Sinus Scylaceus, the 
Gull ot Squillaci; or C««/ci«, Callro Vetere ; Locri 
Epizephrrei, the city of Zaleucus the legiflator, who is 
thought to have been the firll who drew up a written 
code of laws ; it is now Gierazzo, on the Sinus Locrenjis 
or Bruttius, the Gulf of Girazzo. 
Auguflus divided Italy into eleven regions ; the em¬ 
peror Antoninus divided it into fixteen provinces; and 
Conflantine into ten. The feveral highways took their 
names chiefly from the perfons who conflrudted them. 
They were meafured by miles, marked on pillars or 
Hones, reckoning from the Milliariiim Aurcuri, a gilt pil. 
lar eredled in the forum by Auguflus. Diverticula were 
erofs-roads or bye-ways, leading from the main road. 
Phe principal highways were : Via Appia, leading from 
Porta Cap'ena, through Latium, to Capua; and from 
thence, in two branches, to Brundufium. Via Flaminia 
iook anorth-eafl direction, through Etruria and Umbria, 
towards the Adriatic, and at Ariminum, Rimini, joined 
rue Via JEmilia, and from thence palled into Cifalpine 
Gaul. 
fl'he chiet intermediate roads were the Valerian and 
Salarian •, the former leading to Corjinium and Aterniim, 
the latter to Reate and Ancona. Via Aurelia ran along the 
iea-coall of Etruria, Liguria, and the province of Gaul. 
Near Luna it was joined by the Via Cajfta, which palled 
through the middle of Etruria. It was alfo, in its 
courfe, joined by the Via Claudia, a branch of the CaJJia. 
Some ot the roads alfo took their names from the 
places to which tliey led;, as the Nomentam^ Prancjlinaf 
OJiunJis, Sect, 
X 
Islands, in Marc hifervm, or Sea on the Weft CoalL 
of Italy. 
Sicilia, —Sicily, the largell ifland in the Mediterra. 
nean, was more anciently called Sicatda. Its triangular 
lhape alfo occafioned its being called Trinacria and Tri- 
quetra. Its three promontories ■a.xG—Pelorum, to the north. 
Cap de Faro ; to the fouth, PalT'aro ; and Zf/y- 
ho-um., to the wed, Cap de Boeo. 
Fretum Siculum, the Straits of Sicily, about feven miles 
over, feparate it from Italy. On the Italian fhore is the 
dangerous rock of Scylla, and tow'ards the Sicilian, the 
whirlpool of Charybdis. The north coaft is llcirted by a 
range of mountains called Herai, or the mountains of 
Juno, now Monte Artefino-; Nebrodes, or the Mountains 
or the I'awms, now the Madonia, branches from which 
run in difterent direclions, of whicli are the Montes Hyblai, 
famous for their honey ; Gemelli Colks ; burning /Etna, or 
Monte Gibello, a mountain of great heiglit and extent, 
and the mod famous volcano in tlie world :—Horridcis 
juxta tonat .(Etna minis. Virgil. — Eryx, Mount Trapani, 
after Hitna the highed in the ifland; on the top of it 
Hood the temple of Venus Erycina. 
Tlie north coad was bounded by the promontories 
Pelorum and LHybaum. Tlie chief towns on it were ; 
Naulochiis, Diveto, between whicli and Mela, now Milaz- 
zo, Sextus Pompey’s fleet was defeated by Odlavius’s ; 
Tyndaris', Hakfa ■, Himera, on a cpgnominal river, now 
Termini; Paflomiw, Palermo ; £ryx, Trepano Vecchio ; 
Drepanuni, d'repaiio ; Segejle or Acejie, w hicli derived its 
name from king Acedes, iioiv Barbara. 
The foutliern coad extended from Lilybaum to Pachy- 
num Prom. The chief tow ns upon it were : Lilybaum, 
Marfala ; Mazarum, Mazafa, from which one of- the 
three modern divifioiis of Sicily is called Val di Mazara; 
Selinus, famous for its palm-trees, and fcated 011 the river 
Hypfa, whicli falls into Crimijfus, the Bolici, on tlie banks 
ot which Tinioleon defeated the Carthaginians, now 
Terra degli Paid ; Agragas or Agrigenlum, the refidence 
ot Phahiris, Gergehti, on a river of the fame name ; it 
was the next city in magnificence and population to Sy*. 
racufe, containing about 200,000 inhabitants : 
Arduus inde Agragas odentat maxima longe 
Moenia, magnaiiimuni quondam generator equorum. 
Virgil. 
Phintias, Licata, at the mouth of Himera, the Salci, a 
did'erent river from that of the fame name on the north, 
of the idand, this being the larged of all Sicily, and for 
fome time the boundary between the Syracufans and 
Carthaginians ; near to Phintias was the mountain Ecne- 
mos, on the top of which was Phalaris’s citadel, called 
Diedalium', in which he had his brazen bull. But the 
fame is faid of Plialarium, another caftle of the fame 
prince. Gela, Terra Nuova, on a river of the fame 
name; the country near it w'as called Campi Geloi-, Cama- 
rina, Camara 11a. 
The ead eoad of Sicily extended from Pachynum Pro- 
montoriwn. Cape Pafiaro, to Pelorum Prom. Cape di Faro. 
Along it were Helorum and Helorina Tenipe, Muri Ucci, oa 
a river of the fame name, which is now called Abifo ; 
Neatum, Noto, which has given its name to the Val di 
Noto; Acra, d’Arcia ; Phcenicus Pertus, Falconara; Syra- 
cuj'a, Syracufe, near which was the ifland Ortygia, and 
the \q\xx\G\\\\ Arethufa, I'uppofed to communicate with the 
Alpheus in Peloponnei'us; alfo the Eons Cyane and the 
river Anapus, the Alfeo,which falls into the PorlusLdag., 
nus of Syracufe: 
Alpheum fama eft hue Elidis Amnem 
Occultas egilfe vias, fubter mare ; qui nunc 
Oi'e, Arethufa tuo, SiculLs confunditur undis. Virgil, 
Syracufe was above twenty-two miles in circuit : it con~ 
filled of five parts or tov/ns, Ortygia, Acradina, Tyche, 
NcapoUs, Epipola, The other towns were— Megara or 
Hybla, of which name there v.'ere feveral in Sicily ; Leom, 
a ^ 
