GEOGRAPHY. .'iS3 
tium, Lentini, the country about it was called Campi Lecm- 
tini, and more anciently Lajlrigonii, from a people coeval 
with the Cyclopes \ Morgentium, San Giorgio; Catana, Ca- 
tanea, at tlie foot ot Mount j®tna ; not far from it to 
the fotith wds Simo’this FI. the Giarctta, and to the north 
yicis FI. which has given its name to tlie Cartel d’laci ; 
Taurominium, Taormino, near which was the Argenmm 
Promontoriim, Cai>e St. Aleflio ; Mejfsna or Zancle, Mef- 
fina, the people of wliiclj v/ere fometimes called Mamer. 
tini, from a mixture with colonifts of that name from 
Italy. 
Inland towns.— Noe, Noara; Galata, Galata ; Tijfp, 
Randazo ; Mi£'a oc JEtna, Mafcali; Centuripe, Centorbe ; 
Agyrium, the birth-place of Diodorus Siculus, San Fhi- 
lippo d’Agirone ; Enna, the centre of the illand, and fa¬ 
bled to have been the abode of Ceres and Pioferpine, 
now Cartro-Janni,-’ near Avhich Pergufa Lacus, wliere Pro- 
ferpine was carried off by Pluto, now Lago di Goridan ; 
Mena, Meneo ; Palica, Paliconia, near wliich was Fans 
Palicinus, Napt-ia; Erhe/fus, Paluzzuolo ; Entella, Bitella; 
Jeta, Jato; Macella, Strongoli. 
The iflands near Sicily were—To the north, tlie Infida 
Liparcnjium, called jEolia, from their being the fabled 
abode of .(Eolus, king of the Winds ; alfo called Vulcania, 
from the volcanos in which they abound, the Lipari 
iflands ; they are eight in number. One of them is a 
noted vylcano. The Eqades or Egufa, three in number, 
to the wed:: and to tiie fouth-eart, Melita, Malta, on 
which St. Paul was wrecked; though it is more likely 
that this happened on Nlelite, at the entrance of the 
Adriatic ; and Gaulos, Gozo, fuppofed by fome to have 
been the ifland of Calypfo, 
Sardinia, or Sardo, called alfo Ichnufa, and Sanda. 
liotis, from its fuppofed refemblance to tlie foie of the 
foot. Sardinia is feparated to the north from Corfica by 
u rtrait, anciently called Taphros, or Fojfa. The natives 
were called ‘Sardi and Sardoi. The chief towns were ; 
Caralis, Cagliari, on the Caralitanus Sinus, the Gulf of 
Cagliari; Sulci, Palma di Sole; UJellis Colonia, Orirtagni, 
near which is Thyrfus, the Thyrfo, the largert river on 
the ifland; Eofa, Bofa ; Turris LibiJJonh, Torre; Fibula, 
Longo Sardo; Olbia, Terra Nova; Luquido, Lugodori. Of 
the mountains on this ifland, the mort noted were thofe 
to the north, called Montes Infani, Monte di Canelle. 
Corsica, called alfo Cyrnus, and the people .Corfu 
The chief towns were : Mantinorum Oppidum, Bartia; Nicaa 
or Mariana, a colony planted by Marius, Cafa Barbarica ; 
Aleria, a colony planted by Sylla, Leria ; Palania, Ba- 
lagna; Urcinium, Ajaccio. The northern point of the 
ifland forms Sjicrum Promonlorium, now Cape Corfo.—See 
furtlier particulars, with a map of Ancient Europe, 
vol. vii. p. 84. 
ANCIENT ASIA. 
The early geographers fuppofed Afia to be bounded 
nearly in the fame manner as is now laid down by mo¬ 
dern geographers. They were not, however, well ac¬ 
quainted with thofe parts of it which lie to the north 
and north-eart; nor as yet are the moderns, notwith- 
Itanding the pains they have been at to invertigate them. 
They were equally ignorant of the parts to the fouth- 
eart, knowing little of China, of the countries beyond 
the Ganges, and not much of the countries between the 
Indus and Ganges. The ancients feparated Afia from 
Europe by the Don orTanais, the Euxine, and the feas 
and rtraits between the Euxine and Mediterranean ; and 
from Africa, according to fome, by the Nile, but more 
generally by IJUmus Mgypti, the Irthmus of Suez, and 
Sinus Arabicits, or Mare Rubriim (in the rertridfed fenfe of 
the word), the Red Sea. The Oceanus Eous, Mare Eryth- 
ra-um, the Eartern Ocean, bounded it to the I'outh. 
The ancients divided it into Afia on this fide Taurus 
and the river llalys, and’Afia on the farthert fide.— 
’I'av^o^ 0; hyyt tuv Acrmy rMrcc Sirabo, — AJia 
Citerior or Minor, a dirtindfion of no very ancient date, and 
which now commonly partes under the name of Anj- 
tolia, includes the peninfiila between the Euxine and 
Mediterranean, and extends call ward as far as the Eu¬ 
phrates. The coun ry beyond the Euphrates was called 
Af,a Ulterior or Magna. Afia, has been divided into three 
general parts ; the Northern, the Middle, and the South¬ 
ern. The Northern contained Sarmatia, Scythia, and 
Serica. Sarmatia AJiatica, extended from the Euxine to 
the Cafpian, between the rivers Don or Tanais, and tlie 
Rha orWolga. The principal tribes who occupied this 
country were, the- Sar/nata, Maotce, Alani, Sabiri, a tribe 
of Huns. It was fuppofed to include ^z.yt oi Albania^ 
Iberia, and Colchis : 
Herbafque quas et Colchis atque Iberia 
Mittit v'enenorum ferax. Horace. 
The modern divifions of it are the Cuban Tartary 
(fuppofed to take its name from the Hypanis), Circallia, 
Georgia, Mingrelia. In this country were Caucafus-y^ 
llippici, and Ceraunii Montes. 
Beyond Sarmatia and the Cafpian Sea lay Scythia, Tar¬ 
tary, reaching to Mare Hyperborentn, the Frozen Sea, and 
Serica, or Northern China. It was ufually divided into 
Scythia intra Imaim, between the laxarUs dno. Imaus •, and 
Siytliia extra Imaiim, Hither and Farther Scythia. Imaus- 
was a chain of mountains connedfed with Mount Taurus 
by Paropomifus, running into various branches ; one branch 
north and fouth, is the Belur Tag of Tartary. Another, 
the Himmala, is the northern chain of the Tibetian Alps. 
An eartern branch of it, Emodus, I'cparated India from 
Scythia. The chief tribes of Scythians were the Majfa~ 
geta or Great GetisDahee, towards the Cafpian; and the 
Saca, towards the Ganges. In the Farther Scythia, the 
country of the Mongul and Calmuck Tartars, were 
placed the fabulous nations of the Abii, celebrated tor 
their probity ; the Hippopliagi, the Anthropophagi-, the Ari- 
-onajpi, men with only one eye; and the Griphi, who 
guarded the treafure which the Ariniafpi would have 
carried oft'. 
Serica, comprehending the country of the Bogdoi-Tar- 
tars, Cathai, and the northern parts of China, vvas little 
known. Beyond thefe were the Hyperborei Scytha, North¬ 
ern or Ruffian Tartary ; and Montes liipkai, the moun¬ 
tains of Stolpe or Oby. 
The few notices which relate to Northern China, are 
colledled, and thus fet down, by Mannert : — Serica is 
bounded on the weft by Scythia, oji the north-eart by 
an unknown country ; on the fouth by India beyond 
tlie Ganges, and alfo by the Sinae, in a latitude of about 
35°. This comprehends Kofiiotey, the Chinefe pro* 
vince of Shien-li, Mongolia, and part of Siberia. The 
people are called Seres. 
The fouthern part of the country has many moun¬ 
tains, which are continuations of thofe in Scythia; fuch 
as of the Afzak mountains in the Rufiian province 
Nertfiiink. Still farther fouth, occur the Afmirtean 
mountains {Acrpo^ouoi, cp), which form the northern limit 
of the defert of Kobi. To thefe adjoin the Kalian 
mountains, which llretch along the Chinele wall. Mount 
Thaguron (to ©ayapor o^o;) ftretches from fouth to north 
at the eartern end of the Kafian mountains, and murt 
be that part of the Mongolian chain which meets tlie 
river Iloang-ho. Next lie the Emodian mountains, 
which extend from the north of Thibet towards the 
province Shier.-li ; of which tlie OttorcAorras, (to Ot- 
Tofoxopfa;,) on which many rivers rile that fall into the 
Yellow river, is a portion. 
Two great rivers water the major part ot Serica. 
Firrt, the Oichardes, of which the northern fource is to 
be fought in the mountains of Afzak. A fecond llreain 
of it comes from the Afmirasan mountains of the fouth- 
eart in the 47-)- degree of latitude. Farther weft, where 
the main liream inclines towards the Emodian nioun,. 
tains, a third tributary river ariles, under the 44tii de- 
