G E O G R A P 11 Y. 
On tlie other fide, oppofite Alcsrindt ia-Trons, is the 
idand Teiiedos, and near it R'uethvn Promontorium, where 
Ajax’s tomb was, and Sigeinn Promontorhim, wliere that of 
Achilles was. Near the Prom. Leclum, now Cajie Babo, 
was A^iis, now AJfo-, Adramytdum, Adraniet-to. That 
part of tlie coafi: which lay between the rivers Qakus, 
the Gerinadi, and Hermus, the Sarabat, having been, 
after the-ruin of Troy, leized on by a colony of Aiolian 
Greeks, w'as called A^.oUs and /Eolia. The river Ilermus 
leparated it from Lydia. 
At the mouth of the Caines flood Eltra, now lalea : it 
•was the fea-port of Pcrqamus, the capital of tlie domi¬ 
nions of Eumenes, afterwards left to the Romans by 
Attains, the lad king of Pergamus ; it is now- Bergamo. 
Scepjis, where Arillotle’s works were found buried. Adra- 
myttium gave name to the bay on which it dood ; Theba;, 
the country about which was called Cilicia liypoplacia. 
On this coad lay the illands Arginujfa, where the Athe¬ 
nians gained a great vitlory over the Laced.-emonians. 
Oppofite is the illand Lejbos, the birth-place of Sappho, 
now Mitylene, one of the larged iflands in thefe fcas. 
Bithynia, more anciently called Bfirfc/a, was bound¬ 
ed towards Myfia by the Rhyndacus, and extended from 
the Sea of Marmora along the Black Sea, to the river 
Parthenius, Partheni. Mount Olympus., which is in this 
country, (there are reckoned no lefs than five mountains 
of this name in other countries,) gave to part of it the 
name o{ Olyinpena. At the foot of it dood Prufa, now 
Burfa, for lome time the capital of the Turks, before 
they took Condantinople. 
On the Propontis flood Myrka, called alfo Apamea, now 
Moudania; on the Lake Alcanius, Nicaa, Nice, called 
alfo I'fnik, where the fird general council was held ; 
Nicomedia, the capital of Nicmid ; near which 
was Libyffa, the burial-place of Hannibal. Chalcedon, 
■called the City of the Blind, on account of the bad 
choice of its founders, who overlooked the more advan¬ 
tageous fituation of Byzantium-, it is now called Kadikeni, 
or the City of the Cadi. More towards the Bofphorus 
was ChryfopoUs, now Scutari, Near this was the temple of 
Jupiter tjrius, the Giver of fair Winds. 
The next part of Bithynia, towards the Eiixine, was 
inhabited by the Tkyni. Beyond Sangaris, the Sangari, 
and ilTuing from the mountains called Hypii, was the ri¬ 
ver the Lippo; and the town Prufa ad Hypium, 
perhaps now Ulkubi; Heraclea Pontica, now Erekli. The 
promontory which forms a bay near this was called 
Acherujia, from the fable of Hercules having dragged 
Cerberus from the lower regions through a cave here : 
Tartareum ille manu cudodem in Vincla petivit 
Ipfius a folio regis ; traxitque trementem. Virgil, 
The Mariandyni and Caucones inhabited this psart of Bi¬ 
thynia, which, under the Greek emperors, was formed 
into a province called Honorias. 
Paphlagonia, extended from the river Parthenius, 
now Partheni, to Halys, the Kizil-Ermak, having the 
Euxine to the north, and Galatia to the fouth. Its 
chief towns were— Sefamus, incorporated with Amafris, 
which took its name from a niece of Darius Codornan- 
nus, Amafreh j Carambis, Karempi, near a promontory’ 
of the fame name, which is the correfponding point of 
land to Kriu-metopon, in the Cherfonefus Taurica ; Sinope, 
Si nub, a colony from Miletus, for iome time the refidence 
of the kings of Pontus, and the birth-place of Diogenes, 
T he Heneti and the Chalybes were the chief tribes inhabit¬ 
ing this country. 
Pontus, extended along the Euxine, from the river 
llaJys to the river Bathys or Acampfis, in the neighbour¬ 
hood of Colchis. It was divided into. Pontus Galaticus, 
Pontus Polcononiacus, and Pontus Cappadocius. The chief 
towns were : Arnifus, now Samfoun, gave its name to the 
Sinus Samif'Kus, a gulf which enters deep into the coun- 
fcy, and into which flow the rivers Lycus and Iris-, Ama.. 
VoL. VIII. No. jJi. 
385 
fa, Amafieh, the birth-place of Strabo; Eupatoria, called 
fiom Pompey MagnopoUs ; Zela, Zeleti, where Caefar de.- 
feated Pharnaccs, Ion of Mithridates ; alfo famous for 
the rites of Anaitis, a Perlian divinity; and Comana, fa¬ 
mous for thofe of .Bellona. Themifcyra, a city and plains 
on the banks of the Thernxodon, T ermeti, is fuppofed to 
liave been the country of the Amazons.—©£|U,icrav§«, ec 
5; TO, CacreXsi/x. rojv A^a'Qivuv wtr-oqye. Diodorus Siculiis. — Pole,. 
monium-, Ctrafus, whence the cfierry-tree is thought to 
have been 'orought by Lucullus; Trapezus, Trebifond, 
the refidence of a branch of the Comnenian princes, till 
it was taken by Mahomet II. Here were many uncivi¬ 
lized tribes of Mofynaeci, Dryd^, Chalibes, Chaldaii. 
Many ranges of mountains run through the country, viz. 
the Paryadres-, Teckes, from which the Greeks, on their 
retreat under Xenophon, firft deferied the fea ; and Scy- 
dijfes, near which are the fources of the Euphrates. 
The Intermediate Countries.—Lydia, other- 
wife called Mceonia, lies between the Aigean Sea, Myfia, 
Phrygia, and Caria. The fea-coall: of it between the 
rivers Hermus, Sarabat, and Maander, Meinder, was 
called, from the colonifls who fettled on it, Ionia. Thefe 
lonians, having been driven out of the Peloponnefus by 
the Heraclidae, came into this part of Afia under the 
conduft of tl'.e fons of Codrus. Its chief city, Epkefus, 
once adorned with a temple confidered to be one of the 
feven wonders of the world, is now a heap of ruins, 
under the name of Aiofoluc ; it Hood near the mouth of 
the Cayfer, now the Chaici; it gave birth to Heraclitus 
the weeping philofopher, and Parrhafius the painter.—■ 
riappaAiijii 'Etpsaov, \/.iyoO\r,v iroh.’.s. Dion. Per. — Smyrna, called 
by the Turks Ifmer, is a city of great trade; it Itands 
on the river Meles, near which Homer is faid to have been 
born,' hence called Melifgenes ; no lefs than feven cities 
claimed the honour of his birth-place : Smyrna, Rhodes, 
Colophon, Salamis, Chios, Argos, Athena. — Phocaa, Fochia, 
a colony from which founded Marfeilles. Curna or Cyme, 
which gave name to the Sinus Cumaus, the Gulf of 
Smyrna, Clazomene ; Erythra, Erethri, on a peninfula 
oppofite the ifland Chios, Scio ; Teas, the birth-place of 
Anacreon; Lebedus, noted for feafis and games in lionDur 
of Bacchus ; Colophon, on the river; between the 
two lafi; towns was the grove, temple, and fountain, of 
Clares, facred to Apollo ; and near them was the town 
and promontory of Myonnejus. 
Oppofite the ifland Samos is the promontory and moun¬ 
tain Mycale, famous for the defirudtion of Xerxes’s fleet 
by the Greeks. Priene, on the north of the Maunder, w'as 
the city of Bias, one of the feven wile men of Greece, 
and the feat of the Pan-Ionian ceremonies. On the fouth 
of that river was Miletus, an Ionian city, though within 
the bounds of Caria. It was the birth-place of Thales, 
the father of philofophy among the Greek's, and of his 
fcholar Anaximander, the inventor of maps and dials, 
and of Timotheus, the mufician. It was alfo the mother 
country of many colonies fettled on the coalts of the 
Propontis and Euxine. 
In the inland country, Sardes, nov/ Sart, was, till the 
defeat of Croefus by Cyrus, the capital of a kingdom, 
which extended to the banks of the Halys, the Cafilirmar. 
It was the ul'ual rclidence of the king of Perlia’s fatraps. 
or viceroys of this country. Tmolus, at the bottom ot 
which it flood, is now Bouz-dag, or the Cold Mountaiii. 
The country about it is watered by the PaEiclus, fomc- 
times called Chryforrhoas, the land of which is fabled to 
have been of gold, and which joins the Ilermus: 
-Non fufficit aurum 
Quod Tagus et rutila volvit Paflolus arena. Juvenal. 
At the foot of Mount Sipihis is Magnefa Sipili, Magneli, 
near.which Antiochus was defeated by Scipio Afiaticus. 
It was for fbme time the refidence of the fL urkifh princes. 
Thvatira, Ak-hiflar, or the White Caftle ; Hypapi, Berki 
Magnefa Maandri, Guzel liiliir, the Fair Callle ; Tralles-, 
Nyfa, at the foot of Mount Mefogis, Nolli; Philadelphia, 
j F vvliich 
