GEOGRAPHY, 
SS3' 
wliich long maintained its independence againfi: the 
Tiiiks. All extenlive tracl of this country, from Myfta, 
palling througli Phrygia, was called Catakecaumene, from 
its being muchfubject to earthquakes and conflagrations. 
Phrygia, to the eaft of Myjia And Lydia, was the mod - 
inland part of Afia Minor. It was divided into EpiSetus 
and Paroreias; the former expretling the country which 
was difmeinbered by the Romans from Bithynia, and 
added to Phrygia, in favour of the kings of Ptrgamns •, 
and the latter, the diftriil which was in the neighbour¬ 
hood of the mountains. In a fubfequent period it was 
divided into Pacaliana and Salutaris. Laodicea, Ladik ; 
anA Colojfre, Chonos, onXhcLycus, were the ciiief towns 
of the firli of thefe; Synnada, of the fecond. Cclanre, 
afterwards Apamea Cibotns, flood on the confluence of the 
Marjyas and Maandcr. Cotyaiim, Kutaich, now the refi- 
dence of the Beglerbegs of Anatolia. 
Ga Latia, was tlienortli-eaflpartof Phrygia, bordering 
on Cappadocia, feized upon by a colony of G nils in the 
time of Brennus, and from them called Galatia, alf'o 
Gallo-Gracia, on account of the mixture of Greeks there 
was in that country. They were divided into tlic Tcclo- 
Jagcs, Tolijlo-Eoii, and Trocmi. Tlieir chief towns were : 
Ancyra, Angora, now famous for its camblet manufac¬ 
tures and breed of goats; near this place Bajazet was 
defeated and taken by Tamerlane ; Pejjimti, at tlie foot 
of Mount Dindymus, celebrated for the temple and rites 
of Cybele, the mother of the gods : 
O vere Phrygiae, neque enim Pliryges, ite per alta 
Dindyma, ubi aiTuctis biforem dat tibia cantum. 
Tympana vos buxufque vocat Berecynthia matris 
Jdaea. Virgil. 
Gordimn, once the refidence of the kings of this country, 
and where Alexander cut the Gordian knot; Angra, 
Kiangari, tJie refidence of various princes. There are 
alfo many mountains in this country; among others, a 
Alount Olympus, different from that of Phrygia. 
Lycaonia, lay between Phrygia and Cappadocia, and 
was fometimes reckoned part of the one, and fometimes 
of tlie other. Its principal town, Iconimn, Koni, was 
long the refidence of the Seljuk Sultans, and the capital 
of Caramania; Laodicea Combujf.a, Jurekiam Ladik; La- 
randa, Larandeh. From the Lycaonum Colics, the hills of 
Foudhalbaba, whicli were to the north-eafl of Iconimn, 
a wide and parched plain ffretched as far as Galatia. In 
it was Talta paliis, a fait lake, called by the Turks Tuzla. 
Galatia, and part of Lycaonia and Pamphilia, were erected 
into a kingdom for Amyntas, king Dejotarus's fecretary 
and general, who quitted the party of Brutus to join that 
of Anthony and Casfar. 
Capfauocia, included Armenia Minor. — Cappadocia 
extended from Pontus and the vicinity of Mount Taurus, 
to the banks of the Euphrates. It was fometimes called 
Cappadocia Magna or Propria, or ad Taurum, to diftinguifh 
it from Pcntus, which had the name of Cappadocia ad 
Pontum. Both countries were inhabited by the Leuko- 
Siri, or White Syrians, and were difmembered from each 
other under the Perfian monarchy. The part of Cappa¬ 
docia wliicli bordered on the Euphrates was called Ar¬ 
menia Minor. 
Mazaca, the capital, afterwards called Cafarea, Kaifa- 
I'icli, was furnamed ad Argaum, a.mountain, from the top 
of which both feas, it was believed, might have been 
difcovered. From Argaus, Argehdag, ilfued the river 
Melas, which ftill has a name expreflive of the biacknefs 
of its water. Near this the LJalys, Kizil-Ermak, has its 
Iburce. The chief towns were : Arc/ulais, HcrekVi; Na- 
Zianzns, wliich gave its name to one of the Gregories ; 
Myjj'a, which has done the fame to another ; Cybijlra, 
.^ultereh ; Nora. Nour, where Eumenes fuftained a liege. 
A branch oi. Taurus, called AnlUaurus, cuts off a dif- 
triCf called Cataonia. The chief towns of it were Tyana 
and Coniana-, the former (called £)a«(2 by Xenophon) 
was the country of the impoftor Apollonius ; and the 
latter was famous fora temple of Bellona or Diana, the 
priefl: of which v/as a prince little inferior to the kings 
of Cappadocia. Through Comana flowed, in its way 
foil tiiward, the river Earns, Shion. 
Melitene, Malaria, gave name to a diftridt between the 
Melas, Korah-Sou, and Euphrates; it was the Ifalion of 
the thundering legion. Cabira, afterw-ards called Sebajle, 
Sivas, is now the refidence of the Beglerbeg of Roum, 
a name given to part of the eaftern frontier: it flood 
near the Halys, and not far from the Mountain Paryadres. 
Novus, the flrong-hold where Mithridates depofited his 
treafiires. Sinibra, a retreat of Mithridates, Snarvier; 
Tephrice, Divriki, called Nicopolis, in commemoration 
ot Pompey’s victory over Mithridates; Analiba or Da-- 
ranalis, Derindeh, wltere the Euphrates forces its way 
tlirough a narrow patfage in Mount Capotes, now Kepouh ; 
Arabrace, Aralkir; Satala, Arzingan, the lafl on the frouv 
tier, and the flation of a legion. 
Caria, Lycia, Pamphylia, and Cilicia, are the 
countries towards the Mediterranean.— Caria is fepa.. 
rated from Lydia and Phrygia by the Mteander and the 
Lycus, and from Lycia by Glaucu^ Sinus, the Gulf of 
Macri. It was divided into Caria, Doris, Peraa, and 
Cana Mediterranca. The Lelegcs, driven from the neigh¬ 
bourhood of Troy, dwelt in part of this cotintry. I he 
chiet cities were : iVI/toas, already mentioned as an Io¬ 
nian city ; near it was Mount Lalmus, fabled for the vi- 
fits ot Diana to Endymion; JaJfus, which gave name to 
JaJius Sinus, Kalali; Mindus, Mindes ; HalicarnaJJhs, the 
relidence of the kings of Caria, where Artemifia erefted 
the monument to her hutband Maufolus ; alfo tlie birth¬ 
place of Herodotus, and Dionylius the hiflorian and 
critic ; Ceramus, Keramo, gave name to Sinus Ceramicus, 
tlie Gulf of St. Peter. On this gulf, and at the ex¬ 
tremity of the peninlula of Doris, called Triopiuvi, or 
Cape Crio, v/as Cnidus, famous for the worlhipof Venus. 
— Peraa, being fubject to Rhodes, which is’ oppoflte to 
it, was called Peraa Rhodiorum. More inland were Ala- 
banda, Antiochia-Maandri, Strattonicea. 
T.he illands in this part of the /Egean Sea are : the 
Sporades, or difperled iflands, the chief ot wliich are, 
R/iodus, osTi-o rav paWn, Rhodes, famous for its power at 
tea, for its Coloil'us, and for having been, in modem 
times, the refidence of the kniglits of St. John, and the 
long and furious liege by wiiicli it was reduced, under 
Solimanll. A. D. 1522. See the article Egypt, 
vol. vi. Carpatkus, Scarpanto, whicli gave name to Mare 
Carpathium, the Sea of Scarpanto; Cos, now Stanzo, the 
country of Apelles tlie painter, and Hippocrates the 
phyfician ; Patmos, Palmofa, where St. John wrote the 
Revelations ; Icaria, Nic.iria, which derived its name 
from Icarus, fon of Daedalus, and which gave name to 
Mare Icarium ■, Samos, facred to Juno, and the country of 
Pythagoras ; Chios, Scio ; Lejbos, Mitylene, the country 
of Alcaeus, Sappho, Arion, and Theophraftus ; Tenedus, 
Tenedo, behind wiiich the Grecian fleet lay wlien they 
made a feint of railing tlie fiege of Troy ; Lemnos, facred 
to Vulcan, Sialimene. 
Lycia, was feparated by a gulf on each fide from 
Caria and Pampliyiia. Ridges of mountains to the 
north run between it and Piirygia. Telmejfus Macri, on 
the Gulf of Macri, vvliere runs Mount Cragus, an arm 
of which is called Anticragus ; Chbnara, a volcano, is one 
of the eight peaks ot ' tills mountain. 
Xanthus, Ekfenidc, oiva river of the fame name ; Pa- 
tara, tlie oracle ironi which the Lycia fortes were deli¬ 
vered, Apollo reliding the winter half ot the year Iicre, 
and the fummer halt at Delos-, Olympus, built near a 
mountain of this name, and Pkajelis, on the confines oi 
Pilidia, were noted iiaunts of pirates, both of vhem de~ 
flroyed by Servilius Ifauricus.—Sed ncc mare lubmo-. 
vitTe 
