GEOGRAPHY. SS7 
ViflTe contentus, validiffimas urbes eoriim, et diutina 
prasda abundantes, Phafeliii et Olympon evertit. Florus. 
Promontorium Sacrum, or Chelidonium, was the commence¬ 
ment of Mount Taurus', abrancli of whicli, called Climax, 
projedls fo far into thefea, that Alexander’s army were 
obliged to march waift-deep in water to go round it.— 
Tlte north of Lycia, with part of Phrygia and Pifidia, 
formed a country not much known, called Milyas. 
Pamph-y LiA, and Pisidia. —The boiindariesof thefe 
two countries are difficult to fettle, Pamphylia lay to¬ 
wards tile coaft ; Pifidia, more inland. Pamphylia ex¬ 
tended from Phafelis to Cilicia Afpcra. The chief towns 
were; Attaka, Satalie, on the river CatarraB.es ; Perga, 
on the Cejirus ; Afpendus, on the Eurymedon, at the mouth 
of whicli Cimon dedroyed the Perfian fleet and army ; 
Side, Coracefium. —Cypriorum et Phoenicum duceiitarum 
navium clalfem deviftam cepit; eodenique die pari lor- 
tuiia in terra ufus e(t. Nepos et Plutarchus. 
More inland were, Termejfus, Eftenaz, once the capital 
of the Solymi, and of an intermediate country between 
Lycia and Pamphylia, called Cabalia ; Selga, a ftrong town 
of Lacedsenioniaii extraft. Ifauria lay to the ead of Pi- 
lidia, and was inhabited by a people addifted to violence 
and rapine. Their chief town, Ifaura, was deflroyed 
by Sery.ilius Ifauricus. Other towns were, Derbe, Lyjlia, 
Coralis, Kerali. The name of Ifauria was alfo given to 
part of Cilicia. ' 
Cilicia, was bounded to the north by the ridges of 
Taurus, and extended along the Mediterranean, from 
Pamphylia to Syria. The mountainous part of it was 
called Trachea, and alfo ifauria, on account of its vici¬ 
nity and likenefs to that country. T'lie chief towns 
were: Selinus, Selenti, where Trajan died; Antiochia, 
Antiochetta, at the foot of a mount named Cragus (not 
to be confounded with that in Lycia)-, Charadnts, Calan- 
dro ; Anemurium, Eftenmur, on a point oppofite Cyprus; 
Celenderh, Kelnar ; Seleucia Trachea, Selefkeh, on the Ca- 
lycadrus, now Kelikdni. More inland were : Homonoda, 
a drong-hold, Ermenak; Oiba, chief town of a difhiCt 
named Cetis. 
In the level country, called Cilicia Campejh'is, were Co~ 
rycus, Curco; Soli, alterwards Pompeiopolis-, Anchiale, 
laid to have been built by Sardanapalus, and where 
there was a tomb bearing his name ; Tarfus,T-ox'io\\^, 
once the feat of the arts and fciences, and the birth-place 
of St. Paul : it flood on the Cydnus, bathing in which 
had nearly proved fatal to Alexander; Adana, on the 
river Sams, Scihoun; Mopfus or Mopjuejlia, Mellis, on 
Pyramus, the Geihoun ; on the fame river was Anazarbus, 
Anzarba. This part of Cilicia was called, in the time 
of the crufades, the kingdom of Leon. 
IJfus, Aiaffe, where Alexander gained his fecond vic¬ 
tory over Darius, gave name to Sinus IJJicus, a gulf w Inch 
runs deep into the country. It flood near the river Pi- 
narus, Deli-Sou. In commemoration of this viffory 
were built Nicopohs and Alexandria apud IJfum, in Syria. 
Amaniis, Monte JMegro, bounds Cilicia towards Syria, 
and approaches fo near the fea as to form the pafs called 
Pyldc Syria, or Ainanicce. There were other palfss through 
the mountains, called Pyla Cilicia, PylaTauri, &c. 
Armenia, and the neighbouring countries of Col¬ 
chis, Iberia, and Albania. — Armenia was bound¬ 
ed to the fouth and eafl by Mefopotamia, AJfyria, and Me¬ 
dia ; to the weft: by the Euphrates and Armenia Minor ; 
and to the north by the nations of Colchis, Iberia, and Al¬ 
bania, which occupied the country from weft to eafl be¬ 
tween the Euxine and the Cafpian ; on which fide it ex¬ 
tended as far as the confluence of the Araxis, the Aras, 
and Cyrus, the Kur. The weftern part of this country 
is now Turcomania. ' 
Armenia abounds, and is furrounded, with lofty moun¬ 
tains. One ridge of Mount Taurus parts it from Me¬ 
fopotamia ; Nip-hates', which may be confidered as ano- 
tlier, parts it from Aflyriaj Aatitauriis extends its arms 
towards it from Cappadocia ; the Montes Mqfcki el Cnfpii 
lie to the north and eafl of it; while the Paryadres, Gor- 
diai, Ararath, and others, are fcattered over the face 
of it. 
Befides rivers of lefs note, the Tigris, Euphrates, and 
Araxes, Aras, take their rile in the mountains of this 
country; the two latter are laid to have their fource in 
the fame mountain, Abus, the one running e.ifl, and the 
other weft.—Tigris et Euphrates uno fe fonte refol- 
vunt. Boetius. 
Quaque caput rapido tollit cum Tigride magnus 
Euphrates. Lucan. 
Phafis, the Phazzeth, another confiderable river, gave 
name to the diftriit of Phafiane, Pafini, and to Mare Pha^ 
fianum, the eaflern part of the Euxine. The country 
where this river approaches Media, was called Atropa- 
tene. The Acampfis, which flowed between Armenia and 
Colchis, rofe in the mountains inltabited by the Saiiiti ; 
the highefl part of this river is called Boas. 
The chief towns in Armenia were : Arze or Arzira, 
Erzerum, near which the Euphrates takes its rife, 
while another branch, which is all'o called Euphrates, 
rifes in a diflridt called Caranilis. The country towards 
the jundlion of thele rivers was called Acilifene, now 
Ekilis. Artaxata was a city of great confequence; Ar- 
famofata, now Shlmfet, was another, in an. extenfive dil'- 
tridt, called Sophene-, Amida, Amid, or Diarbekir, on the 
Tigris, the fources of which are in the mountains anci¬ 
ently called Niphates: O awo ts Ni^arao^t;; 
'rmyo'nx.roi; ictw r.on cey.ty.Tof, Strabo. — Tigranocerta, tounded 
by Tigranes, now Sered ; Artemita, Van, on the Lake 
Narcijj'a, called the Lake of Van. 
Colchis, the fabulous country of the golden fleece, 
extended as far as Caucafus to the north, and Iberia to the 
eafl. It comprehended Mingrelia, Guria, imaretta, and 
part of CircalTia. In the time of tlie Lower Empire, it 
was called Lazica, and the people Lazi. The chief 
towns were : Cyla, Kotatis, the birth-place of Medea ; 
; Phafis, on the river of the lame name : in it were 
the temple of Phryxus, and the golden fleece > Pityus, 
Pitchinda. 
Befides the nations peculiar to the country, we find 
here the Suani, Abofei, and Mofdii. 
Iberia, lay between Colchis and Albania, Caucafus 
and Armenia. It now anfwers to great part of Georgia. 
To the north of this country were Pike Caucafia, a diffi¬ 
cult pafs between the mountains. The river Cyrus, Kur, 
on quitting Armenia, traverfes this country, till it meets 
the Araxes. 
Albania lay along the Cafpian to the eafl of Iberia, 
and was bounded to the fouth by the Cyrus, which parted 
it from Media Atropatene, It anfwers to Dagheltau and 
Shirvan. The paffes through the mountains in this 
country were called the Cajpice'ond. Albanits Pyke -, Validus 
Munis or Porta Ferrea, Derbent. 
Syria, including Palestine, was bounded to the 
north by Taurus, and that branch of Taurus called 
Amanus, now Monte Negro; by Arabia and Egypt to 
the fouth ; extending eafl and weft between the Medi¬ 
terranean and Euphrates. The principal rivers of this 
country were : the Orontes and the Jordan. —Jam pridem 
Syrus in Tiberim defiuxit Orontes. Juvenal. —It was di¬ 
vided into five parts; Commagene, Syria Propria or Sekveis, 
Ccelo-Syria, Phanicia, and Pakfine or judeea. — 1 he moil: 
nortliern of thefe was Commagene, in a later period called 
Euphratefia. It lay between Amanus and the Euphraies. 
Its chief towns w’ere : Samojata, Semifat, the birth-place 
of Lucian, on the Euphrates ; and Zeugma, where there 
Was a bridge over that river. 
The next divifion to the fouth was Sekucis, or Syria 
Proper; the ch.icf towns of which were ; Antiochia, An¬ 
tioch, where Cltriflians fiifl received their mmie. It 
flood upon the OronteSj was founded by Seleuciis Ni- 
cator, 
