m G E O G R 
Libya Deferia had no towns. It is now chiefly the De- 
fert of Barca. The country extending from Libya 
wcftvvard to the Atlantic Ocean, contained Africa Pro¬ 
pria, Numidia, and Mauritania. The Greater Syrtes, now 
tlie GuU of Sidra, a bay full of dangerous fhoals, parted 
it from Cyrenaica. The fmaller Syrtes, now the Gulf of 
Gabes, lay to the weft of the bay. Phycus Promontorium, 
Cape Rafat, bounded it to the eaft, and Cephahe Prom, 
Cape Melrata, to the weft. Another mark of fepara- 
tion was the Philenorum Ares, monuments in honour of 
the two Phileni, brothers who devoted themfelves to 
deathtoextend the territoriesof their country,Carthage : 
Per inhofpita Syrtis 
Titora, per calidas Libya; litientis arenas. djucan. 
The country lying between the two Syrtes was called 
'Syriica Regio, and anfwers to the prefent kingdom of 
Tripoli. The three towns of Sabrata, Sabart ; Oea, 
Tripoli, and Leptis Magna, Libada, gave to one divifton 
of it the name of Tripoli. It was bounded on the eaft 
and weft by the rivers Cinyps, Macre ; and Triton, Capes, 
Minerva is thought to have taken her name from the 
laft of thefe. 
The ifland of Meninx or Girba, on this coaft, now 
Zerbi, was alfo called Lolophagitis, from the lotos, a fweet 
intoxicating fruit, the chief article of food to feveral 
tribes of the Regio Syrtica. 
The next divifton of the country weftward, from the 
Lefter Syrtes to Numidia, was Africa Propria, now the 
kingdom of Tunis. It was divided into the two re¬ 
gions of Byzacene, and Zeugitana. The former of thefe 
rook its name from the town of Byzacium, now Bighni. 
It extended from the Lefter Syrtes to Adrumetum. It 
alfo contained Tacape, Capes, near the mouth of the 
Triton •, Adrumetum, now Mahometta, its chief town; 
*Macomades Minores, now El Mahres ; Tapkrura, Sfakes ; 
Tyfdrus, El Jem ; Tapfus, a place of note in Casfar’s 
wars, now Demfas ; Tkena, Taineh ; Leptis Minor, Lemta. 
This divifton, on account of its great fertility, was alfo 
called Emporia. 
Of the towns of Zeugitcina, which commenced at Adru¬ 
metum, and extended to Numidia, from which it was fe- 
parated chiefly by the river Tufea, Guadelbarbar; Nea- 
polis is now Nabel ; Curubis, Gurbes; Clypea, Aklibia, 
near Hermai or Mercurii Promontorium, Cape Bona; Tunis 
pi Tunetum, Tunis, become, lince the fall of Carthage, 
a great city ; Carthago, called alfo Carthada and Carche- 
don, Carthage, was built by the Phoenicians, deftroyed 
by Sci.pio, reftored by Auguftus, and finally ruined by 
the Saracens, towards the end of the feventh century. 
Its citadel was called Byrfa. The principal harbour 
was formed by the illand Cotkon, which had ranges of 
docks for ftiips all round it. 
Utica, where Cato died, now Satcor, ftood near the 
mouth of the Bagradas, now Megrada ; Hippo Zarytos is 
now Benzert; Tabraca, Tabarca ; and Vacca, Vegjo: 
Quales umbriferos ubi pandit Tabraca Saltus, 
In vetLila fcaipit jam mater fimia bucca. Juvenal. 
On the banks of the Bagradas Regulus met the enor¬ 
mous fnake., againft which he was obliged to employ 
his military engines. See Boa, vol. iii. 134.—The 
chief inland towns of this divifton were ; Taburda, Sicca 
Venerea, Kef; Tucca, Tugga; Zama, where Scipio de- 
teated Hannibal; Capfa, Cafsa, a ftrong-hold of Jugur- 
iha’s in the Defert ; Telepte. 
The bay lying between Mercurii and Apollinis Promon¬ 
torium, Cape Bona and Cape Negro, is now the Bay of 
Tunis; Prom. Candidum, Cape Mabra, formed with 
Prom. Apollinis, the Bay of Bona, formerly Sinus Hippq- 
nenfis. 
Numidia, which takes its name from the Nomades, 
now the kingdom of Algiers, extended from TuJ'ca, the 
river Guadelbarbar, to the Mulucha or Molocatk, now the 
Mulviu. The v’lvux Ampfaga^ Wad-el-Kirbir, the Greai 
A P H Yf 
River, and Tretum Proniontorium, Cape Sefarous, divided 
it into Numidia Propria, or MaJJyloruift, to the eaft, and Nu- 
midia Majfeefylorum to the weft, which was generally con- 
fidered as part of Mauritania. The former was fubjett 
to Maftinifta, the latter to Syphax. They became one 
kingdom in the family of Maftinifta, on account of his 
attachment to the Romans, and were afterwards made 
over to Bocchus for betraying Jugurtha. Being divided 
in his family, the eaftern part was called the kingdom 
of Bocchus, and the weftern the kingdom of Bogud. 
The river Malva was the common boundary of this di- 
vifion. The chief towns were : Hippo Regius, the epif- 
copal feat of St. Auguftine, now Bona, near which was 
Mount Pappua, the retreat of Gelimar, after his defeat 
by Belifarius, now Edoug. On the Sinus Numidicus, the 
Gulf of Stora, was Rufeade, Sgegada; Cirta, the refu 
dence of the kings of Numidia, is now Conftantina ; 
Tagajle, Tajelt; Tebejle, Tebefs. 
To the foiith of this country, and of Mauritania, was 
Geetulia, a diftrift of which was named Zaba, from a. 
river which flowed through it. The people of this 
country, in a fubfequent period, were the Bereberes, from 
whom Barbary has taken its name. 
Mauretania, fo called from its people the Mauri, lay 
behind Numidia Majfiefylorum, and ftretched from the ^ver 
Ampfaga to the Ocean: it contained, with part of Al¬ 
giers and Biledulgerid, the kingdoms of Fez and Mo¬ 
rocco. That part of Numidia which was annexed to 
Mauretania by Auguftus, was called Mauretania Ceefari- 
enfis. The other part, the ancient Mauretania, was dif- 
tinguifiled by the name of Tingitana, and extended to 
the Atlantic. 
In the firft of thefe were the following towns: Igil- 
gilis, Tigel ; Saida, Tedles; Tubufuphis, Cartenna, Tenez ; 
Cafarea, fo called by Juba, its preceding name being 
lol, now thought by fome to be Algiers, and by others 
to be Serfel; Portus Magnus, Arzeu ; Portus Divini, Oran 
and Marz-al-Kibir; Siga, for fome time the refidence 
of Syphax, now Ned-Roma. Upon the river Molocatk 
was Calaa, now Calaat-el-Wad ; Sitifi, an inland town, 
now Setif, gave name to the diftrift of Cesfarea Sitifenfs. 
—The fea-coaft of thefe countries was planted with 
ipany Roman colonies. 
Tingitana, or Mauretania Proper, extended from the 
Molocatk to the Atlantic, and took its name from its 
chief town, Tingis, now Tangier: it nearly anfwers to 
the prefent kingdom of Fez. The people were the 
Mauri and Maurufii. Part of it, under the Weftern Em¬ 
pire, was ranked under a divifion of Spain, and was 
called Hifpania Transfrelana, 
The promontories on this coaft were; Metagonium, 
Cape Three Forks, which is by fome fuppofed to have 
been Rufadir Promontorium ; Abyla, Apes Hill, one of Her¬ 
cules’s pillars ; Septem Fratres, the Promontory, and Sep¬ 
tum, the town of, Ceuta ; Ampelujia Cotes, Cape Spartel. 
Arfenarium Prom. Cape Bojador, according to others 
Cape.Verd. <s>sav 0%>ip.a, the Chariot of the Gods, pro- 
bably the mountains of Sierra Leone. Of the towns, 
beftdes Tingis, Tangier, already mentioned, the moft re¬ 
markable were Rufadir, Melilla ; Parietina, Velez ; 
Tcenia Longa, li'a.rgtx.-, Jagatk, Tstwan. On the Ocean, 
Zilis is now Azzilia ; Lixus, the abode of Anteus, I’Arais 
or I’Arache ; Volubilis, Gualili. The chiet rivers on 
this fide are Lixus, the Lucos; Subur, the Subou, the 
fources of which, as alfo of the Gir, perhaps now the 
Niger, are in the ranges of Mount Atlas; 
-Quanto fublimior Atlas 
Omnibus m Libya fit montibus. Juvenal. 
-Caelifer Allas 
Axem humeris torquet ftellis ardentibus apt^-m. Virgil, 
Beftdes the Gatuli, already men.ioned, an i the Melano 
Gatuli, towards the defects, lived the Nafamones, the 
Maziccs,xht Dara, who gave name to the Delert ol Za- 
rah Saharrah; tile GuramanUs, Libyes, .Ethiopcs, 6 cc. 
Weft 
