GEOGRAPHY. 
raitar, and on tlie weft by Portugal and the Atlantic 
Ocean. It is iituated between the thirty-fixth and forty- 
fourth degrees of north latitude and between the ninth 
degree weft longitude, and the third degree of eaft lon¬ 
gitude. It contains nearly 150,000 fquare miles of fur- 
face, and the number of its inhabitants is equal to about 
11,000,000. 
Spain is remarkable for its immenfe and valuable 
pofleflions in South America, and for the national in- 
aftivity and fupinenefs which thofe poft'effions have 
created. From having been one of the firft powers in 
Kurope, it now does not rank above thofe of the fecond 
order. It is divided into fourteen diftrifts, or pro¬ 
vinces, viz. Afturia, Bifcay, Navarre, Galicia, Leon, 
Old Caftile, Arragon, Catalonia, Valencia, New Caftile, 
Eftramadura, Andalufia, Murcia, and Granada. 
Its chief towns are Madrid, the capital; Barcelona, 
Seville, Corunna, and Cadiz, fometimes called Cales. 
The principal rivet's are the Ebro, the Tagus, and the 
Douro, all of which have their rife in Spain. 
On an elevated promontory, in the fouth of Spain, 
Hands Gibraltar, which has been in the poireflion of the. 
Englifli for above a century ; and is fo defended by na¬ 
ture and art, as to be confidered impregnable.—The 
chief illands circumjacent to Spain, are Majorca, Mi¬ 
norca, and Ivica. 
Portugal. —This kingdom repofes on the bread: 
of Spain, by which it is bounded on the north and eaft ; 
and on the fouth and weft it is waftied by the Atlantic 
Ocean. It is fituated between the eighth and tenth de¬ 
grees weft longitude, and between the thirty-feventh 
and forty-fecond degrees of north latitude. Itsfurface 
is fuppofed to contain 27,000 fquare miles, with a po¬ 
pulation of nearly 2,000,000 of inhabitants. 
Portugal, like Spain, has been enervated by its fo¬ 
reign polTeffions, and is now one of the molt abjeft 
powers in Europe. The people are debafed by indo¬ 
lence and fuperftition.' The country is divided hito 
feveral provinces, as Eftramadura, Entre-Minho, Dou¬ 
ro, Alentejo, &c. 
The chief towns are Lifbon, the capital; and Oporto, ' 
famous for its exports of wine. Lifbon, the foundation 
of which is fabuloufly afcribed to UlyfTes, was deftroyed 
by an earthquake in 1755, but has fince been rebuilt in 
an elegant manner. The Azores belong to Portugal; 
they are fituated at an etjual diftance from that country 
and Newfoundland. 
Great Britain and Ireland. —Great Britain, 
which confifts of England, Wales, and Scotland, is fi¬ 
tuated weft of the continent of Europe ; and Ireland is 
confiderably to the weft of Great Britain.—England is 
bounded on the eaft by the German Ocean; on the fouth 
by the Enolifh Channel j bn the north by the Cheviot 
Hills; and on the weft by St. George’s Channel. Scot¬ 
land is feparated from England by the Cheviot Hills ; 
and its other boundaries are the North Seas. Ireland 
lies in the Atlantic; but its eaftern boundary is in St. 
George’s Channel. 
The whole United Kingdom lies between fifty and 
fifty-nine degrees north latitude, and between one de¬ 
gree eaft and a little more than ten degrees weft longi¬ 
tude. The extent of fquare miles in the United King- . 
dom is equal to nearly one hundred and five thoufand ; 
of which forty-nine thoufand four hundred and fifty be- 
long to England and Wales; and the reft is divided in 
nearly equal parts between Scotland and Ireland. The 
population is equal to about fifteen millions; more than 
ten of which are in England and Wales, and the reft in 
Ireland and Scotland, of which Ireland has nearly dou¬ 
ble the number of thofe in Scotland. The three capi¬ 
tals are London, Edinburgh, and Dublin. 
Great Britain has the happinefs of being the undif- 
puted miftrefs of the feas, which are every where co¬ 
vered with her fhips. her wealth, the value of her 
mamifaclurcs, and the extent of her commerce, are un. 
VoL. YIII. No. 51a. 
S97 
equalled. The indiiftry and intelligence of her inhabi 
tants, the excellent form of her political conftitution 
the juft adminiftration of her laws, and the independence 
arifing from her infular fituation, combine to render her 
an objedl of pride to her own inhabitants, and of ad¬ 
miration to all other nations. 
England contains forty counties or fliires, fituated in 
the following order, taken from north to fouth : 
1. Northumberland, feventy-foiir miles long, and for¬ 
ty-five broad; has forty parifties, and five market towns ; 
and fends eight members to parliament. 
2. Cumberland, feventy-five miles long, and twenty- 
feven broad; has'fifty-eight parifties, and twelve mar¬ 
ket towns; and fends fix members to parliament. 
3. Weftmoreland, forty miles long, and twenty-four 
broad ; has twenty-fix parifties, and eight market towns; 
and fends four members to parliament. 
4. Durham, thirty-five miles in length, and twenty- 
four in breadth ; has one hundred and eighteen parifties, 
and fix market towns; and fends four members to par¬ 
liament. 
5. Yorkftiire, the largeft county in England, is about 
ninety miles in length, and feventy-five in breadth ; it 
contains five hundred and fixty-three parifties, and fifty- 
eight market towns; and fends thirty members to par¬ 
liament. 
6 . Lancaftiire, feventy miles long, and thirty broad; 
has fixty-fix parifties, and twenty-three market towns ; 
and fends fourteen members to parliament. 
7. Cheftiire, fifty miles long, and thirty-three broad ; 
has tw'enty-fix parifties, and thirteen market towns; and 
fends four members to parliament. 
8. Derbyfliire, fifty-four miles long, and twenty-four 
broad ; has one hundred and fix parifties, and nine mar¬ 
ket towns ; and fends four members to parliament. 
9. Staii’ordftiire, forty-four miles long, and twenty- 
feven broad ; has one hundred and thirty parifties, and 
fixteen market towns ; and fends ten members to par¬ 
liament. 
10. Warwickfliire, forty-feven miles long, and twen- 
ty-feven broad ; has one hundred and fifty-eight pa¬ 
rifties, and feventeen market towns ; and fends fix mem¬ 
bers to parliament. 
11. Worcefterfliire, thirty-five miles long, and twenty- 
feven broid; has one hundred and fifty-two parifties, 
and eleven market towns j and fends nine members to 
parliament. 
12. Shropftiire, borders on Wales; is forty-eight 
miles long, and twenty-eight broad; has one hundred 
and feventy parifhes, and thirteen market towns; and 
fwids twelve members to parliament. 
13. Herefordftiire, forty miles long, and twenty-feven 
broad ; has one hundred and feventy-fix parifties, and 
thirteen market towns; and fends eight members to 
parliament. 
14. Monmouthftiire, thirty-three miles long, and 
twenty-two broad; has one hundred and twenty-feven 
parifties, and feven market towns; and fends three mem¬ 
bers to parliament. 
15. Gloucefterfliire, fixty-five miles long, and thirty- 
two broad; has two hundred and eighty parifties, and 
twenty market towns; and fends eight members to par¬ 
liament. 
16. Oxfordftiire, forty-feven miles long, and twenty., 
nine broad ; has an Univerfity, confifting of twenty col¬ 
leges, and five halls ; has two hundred and eighty pa- 
rilhes, and twelve market towns ; and fends ten mem¬ 
bers to parliament. 
17. Buckinghamftiire, forty miles long, and about 
eighteen broad ; has one hundred and eighty-five pa- 
rilhes, and fifteen market towns; and fends fourteen 
members to parliament. 
18. Bedfordftiire, about twenty-four miles long, and 
fixteen broad ; has one hundred and fixteen parifties, 
and ten market towns; and fends four members to par¬ 
liament. 
5 I ^9. HuOa 
